The subject of the analysis is the economic and financial processes taking place in countries and reflected in the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators.

The purpose of this study is to provide an objective picture revealing the key factors influencing the prospects for developing financial cooperation between the Russia and friendly neighboring countries.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the macroeconomic policies of the countries under consideration through the characteristics of their public debt.

The methodology utilizes comparative country and statistical analysis. National statistical data and strategic planning documents defining public debt policy were examined.

Results The study presents key information on public debt dynamics; the functioning of the domestic public debt market; and the approaches chosen by these countries in formulating their national public debt policies. A comparison is made of factors influencing the sustainability of the public debt of the countries under consideration, the significance of which is important for clarifying the goals of Russia’s financial cooperation policy with these countries.

Conclusions The key factors determining the prospects for developing financial cooperation between the Russia and friendly neighboring countries are traditional for this area of relations: the scale of borrowing, the structure and proportions of public debt, and borrowing instruments. The following fundamental points are relevant. First, countries’ macroeconomic policies are shifting toward greater rigor in rules and procedures. Second, countries are striving to find a «golden mean» between domestic and external borrowing. This should allow them to expand funding sources for budget programs and ensure the lowest possible cost for resources with the longest possible lifespan. Overall, countries’ public debt policies are becoming more responsible and conscious.

Keywords: macroeconomic policy, financial cooperation, neighboring countries, public debt, external liabilities, internal liabilities, debt structure.

References:

Anosova, Kabir (2019) – Anosova L.A., Kabir L.S. Prospects for the integration of financial markets in the EAEU: assessments and opinions [Perspektivy integracii finansovyh rynkov v EAES: ocenki i mneniya] // Economics and Management [Ekonomika i upravlenie] 2019. № 8 (166). Р. 4–14. DOI: 10.35854/1998-1627-2019-8-4-14.

Yakovlev, Rodionov, Mkhitaryan (2023) – Yakovlev I.A., Rodionov S.A., Mkhitaryan M.G. Neighboring countries: current economic situation and long-term strategy [Strany blizhnego zarubezh’ya: tekushchaya ekonomicheskaya situaciya i dolgosrochnaya strategiya] // Economics and Management [Ekonomika i upravlenie] 2023. № 12 (29). Р. 1433-1441. DOI: 10.35854/1998-1627-2023-12-1433-1441.

Yakovlev (2024) – Yakovlev I.A. The main trends shaping the financial policy of neighboring countries: in search of sustainability [Osnovnye trendy, formiruyushchie finansovuyu politiku stran blizhnego zarubezh’ya: v poiskah ustojchivosti] // Proceedings of the International Banking Institute [Uchenye zapiski Mezhdunarodnogo bankovskogo instituta] 2024. № 4 (50). Р. 266-290.

Kabir, Yakovlev, Glukhov (2025) – Kabir L.S., Yakovlev I.A., Glukhov V.A. Non-governmental green financing and coordinating business initiatives: the experience of Kyrgyzstan [Negosudarstvennoe zelenoe finansirovanie i koordiniruyushchie iniciativy biznesa: opyt Kyrgyzstana] // Proceedings of the International Banking Institute [Uchenye zapiski Mezhdunarodnogo bankovskogo instituta] 2025. № 3 (53). Р. 27-49.

Subject/topic This article analyzes the role of the Arctic in the foreign economic policy of the Republic of Korea as a non-Arctic state. The relevance of the study is driven by the growing international dimension of Arctic processes and the increasing importance of maritime logistics, science and technology, and energy-related factors through which Korea pursues its economic interests in the High North.

Goals/objectives The aim of the article is to identify the key forms through which the Republic of Korea implements its economic interests in the Arctic. To achieve this aim, the study examines the institutional embedding of the Arctic agenda, the country’s research presence, the role of shipbuilding and port economy, as well as energy-related incentives shaped by import dependence and high-latitude logistics.

Results/findings The study shows that Korea’s Arctic engagement is indirect and practice-oriented and relies primarily on cooperative and contract-based mechanisms rather than on control over resource assets. It is established that the economic logic of participation is concentrated in the maritime domain, including specialized shipbuilding, logistics services, and port infrastructure, while the energy dimension is expressed in expanding logistics options and managing risks related to import security.

Keywords: Arctic, non-Arctic states, Republic of Korea, Arctic policy, foreign economic policy, international cooperation in the Arctic.

References:

Fomin (2025) – Fomin M. V. Integration of South Korea’s Ports into Arctic Maritime Trade: Opportunities and Prospects [Integratsiia portov Iuzhnoi Korei v arkticheskuiu morskuiu torgovliu: vozmozhnosti i perspektivy]. Problems of the Far East [Problemy Dal’nego Vostoka]. 2025. No. 6. P. 118-132. DOI: 10.7868/S2712909825060091.

Gutenev (2019) – Gutenev M. Yu. South Korea’s National Interests in the Arctic [Natsional’nye interesy Iuzhnoi Korei v Arktike]. Problems of the Far East [Problemy Dal’nego Vostoka]. 2019. No. 1. P. 46-53. DOI: 10.31857/S013128120003922-5.

Jin, Seo, Lee (2017) – Jin, D. Arctic Policy of the Republic of Korea / D. Jin, W. S. Seo, S. Lee // Ocean and Coastal Law Journal. – 2017. – Vol. 22. No. 1. – P. 85-96.

Ivanov (2024) – Ivanov A. V. Foreign Policy Course of the Republic of Korea Towards the Arctic Region: Prospects for Using the Northern Sea Route [Vneshnepoliticheskii kurs Respubliki Koreia v otnoshenii arkticheskogo regiona: perspektivy ispol’zovaniia Severnogo morskogo puti]. Management and Policy [Upravlenie i politika]. 2024. Vol. 3. No. 3. P. 36-46. DOI: 10.24833/2782-7062-2024-3-3-36-46.

Leksyutina (2021) – Leksyutina Ya. V. Russia’s Cooperation with the Countries of Northeast Asia in the Economic Development of the Arctic [Sotrudnichestvo Rossii so stranami Severo-Vostochnoi Azii v voprosakh khoziaistvennogo osvoeniia Arktiki]. Problems of the Far East [Problemy Dal’nego Vostoka]. 2021. No. 1. P. 33-48. DOI: 10.31857/S013128120013932-6.

Subject/topic. U.S. Arctic LNG projects are being developed amid the transformation of the global natural gas market in the 2020s, characterized by the growing role of liquefied natural gas in global trade, intensified competition among exporters, and a structural shift in demand toward the Asia-Pacific region. Under these conditions, the Arctic direction of LNG exports is viewed by the United States as an element of export geography diversification and a means of strengthening its position in the global gas market.

Goals/objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the economic and institutional factors determining the prospects of U.S. Arctic LNG projects in the global natural gas market. To achieve this goal, changes in the structure of global LNG supply and demand are examined, the features of U.S. energy policy are analyzed, and the economic logic and market positioning of the Alaska LNG project are considered.

Results/findings. The analysis shows that U.S. Arctic LNG projects are being implemented under conditions of high market volatility and increasing global LNG supply, which raises requirements for their economic efficiency and contractual framework. It is concluded that, despite the strategic importance of the Arctic direction for diversifying the U.S. export model, such projects have a niche character and are highly sensitive to market conditions, the cyclicality of the global LNG market, and the stability of export policy.

Keywords: LNG, Arctic region, energy policy, LNG market, global gas market, Asia-Pacific region.

References:

Chuvakhina (2019) – Chuvakhina L. G. Energy Aspects of the U.S. Economic Policy [Energeticheskie aspekty ekonomicheskoi politiki SShA] / L. G. Chuvakhina. International Economics [Mezhdunarodnaia ekonomika]. 2019. No. 3. P. 67-76.

Chuvakhina (2025) – Chuvakhina L. G. Development of the U.S. Gas Industry under Conditions of Global Competition [Razvitie gazovoi industrii v SShA v usloviiakh global’noi konkurentsii] / L. G. Chuvakhina. Horizons of Economics [Gorizonty ekonomiki]. 2025. No. 5 (92). P. 176-182.

Ulchenko (2022) – Ulchenko M. V. Analysis of Trends and Prospects for the Development of the Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market [Analiz tendentsii i perspektivy razvitiya mirovogo rynka szhizhennogo prirodnogo gaza]. Bulletin of the Altai Academy of Economics and Law [Vestnik Altaiskoi akademii ekonomiki i prava]. 2022. No. 9-3. P. 433-440. DOI: 10.17513/vaael.2493.

Subject/topic. The article examines the economic presence of companies from non-Arctic European countries in the Arctic. The relevance of the study is driven by the growing international interest in the Arctic and the transformation of the forms of involvement of European states and companies in Arctic processes amid geopolitical tensions, sanctions restrictions, and the strengthening of the EU climate agenda.

Goals/objectives. The aim of the article is to identify the main forms and directions of participation of companies from non-Arctic European countries in Arctic economic processes, taking into account sectoral and country-specific characteristics of corporate presence and the impact of sanctions and the EU climate policy.

Results/findings. The study shows that the economic presence of non-Arctic European countries in the Arctic is limited and indirect and is implemented mainly at the corporate level. The key areas of involvement include energy projects, primarily LNG, as well as trade-related, technological and infrastructural forms of participation. Sanctions have led to a reduction of European companies’ involvement in projects in the Russian Arctic and their reorientation toward other Arctic jurisdictions and niche areas not directly related to hydrocarbon extraction.

Keywords: Arctic region, non-Arctic states, European Union, strategic interests, Arctic economy.

References:

Karpovich, Troyansky, Ryabinina (2022) – Karpovich O. G., Troyansky M. G., Ryabinina O. K. EU Climate Policy: Time for Responsible Decisions [Klimaticheskaia politika Evropeiskogo soiuza: vremia otvetstvennykh reshenii] / Bulletin of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. Russia and the World [Vestnik Diplomaticheskoi akademii MID Rossii. Rossiia i mir]. 2022. No. 1 (31). P. 34-50. (In Russian).

Chuvakhina (2014) – Chuvakhina L.G. Fragmentation as a New Geopolitical Reality of Contemporary Europe [Fragmentatsiia kak novaia geopoliticheskaia real’nost’ sovremennoi Evropy]. / International Economics [Mezhdunarodnaia ekonomika]. 2014. No. 11. P. 37-41. (In Russian).

Bashkirov, Antonova (2020) –Bashkirov M.B., Antonova M.E. France in the Arctic: In Search of a “Place in the Sun” [Frantsiia v Arktike: v poiskakh «mesta pod solntsem»]. / Comparative Politics Russia [Sravnitel’naia politika]. 2020. Vol. 11, No. 3. P. 130-140. DOI: 10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10041. (In Russian).

Todorov, Lyzhin (2019) – Todorov A.A., Lyzhin D.N. The United Kingdom’s Interests in the Arctic [Interesy Velikobritanii v Arktike] / Arctic and North [Arktika i Sever]. 2019. No. 36. P. 84-95. DOI: 10.17238/issn2221-2698.2019.36.84. (In Russian).

Chuvakhina (2024) – Chuvakhina L.G. The Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on Trade between European Countries [Vliianie PKUM ES na torgovliu mezhdu evropeiskimi stranami] / Horizons of Economics [Gorizonty ekonomiki]. 2024. No. 6 (86). P. 76-80. (In Russian).

Krivorotov (2022) – Krivorotov A.K. The Arctic under the Pressure of Anti-Russian Sanctions [Arktika pod udarom antirossiiskikh sanktsii] / Arctic 2035: Current Issues, Problems and Solutions [Arktika 2035: aktual’nye voprosy, problemy, resheniia]. 2022. No. 3 (11). P. 35-40. DOI: 10.51823/74670_2022_3_35. (In Russian).

Subject/Topic The study focuses on the Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN) as a multi‑level system of institutions and instruments that provide crisis support to countries under growing global financial and economic instability.

Goals/Objectives: The purpose of the paper is to analyze the structure and functioning of the Global Financial Safety Net, assess its role in providing crisis financing, and identify key challenges and prospects for its further development. The objectives include identifying the main elements of the GFSN and their interaction; assessing the effectiveness of the GFSN in preventing and mitigating crises; outlining major challenges and constraints of the current architecture of global financial security; and formulating relevant policy directions to improve the network.

Methodology The methodological framework is based on the analysis of statistical data and reports of international organizations, a review of academic literature on financial security and the GFSN, as well as a comparative approach to evaluating the effectiveness of different GFSN mechanisms.

Results The research shows that, despite the quantitative expansion of GFSN instruments and institutions, problems of fragmentation, functional overlap, and uneven access of countries to financial resources persist. It is demonstrated that insufficient coordination between global, regional, and bilateral levels of financial safety undermines the effectiveness of crisis response and increases countries’ vulnerability to external shocks.

Conclusions The paper concludes that there is a need to strengthen the consistency of GFSN mechanisms, enhance the predictability and accessibility of crisis financing, and develop instruments that better reflect asymmetries in countries’ borrowing capacities. The study proposes directions for institutional and instrumental improvements of the GFSN aimed at increasing its resilience and effectiveness under rising global risks.

Keywords: global network, financial security, international financial organizations, anti-crisis financing, economic security; systemic risks, financial crises.

References:

Chuvakhina(2022)–ChuvakhinaL.G.Monetarypolicy of the US globalfinancialregulatorinthecontext of the modernglobaleconomy. [Monetarnaya politika global’nogo finansovogo regulyatora SSHA v usloviyah sovremennoj mirovoj ekonomiki].InternationalScientificJournal [Mezhdunarodnyj nauchnyj zhurnal].2022.No.3(84).pp. 65-71.

Navoy(2023)–NavoyA.V.Evaluation of the effectivenessofmoderninternationalfinancialinstitutions: a systematicmethodologicalapproach. [Ocenka effektivnosti deyatel’nosti sovremennyh mezhdunarodnyh finansovyh institutov: sistemnyj metodologicheskij podhod] The world of the neweconomy. [Mir novoj ekonomiki]. 2023.Vol. 17.No.4.pp.16-29.

Chuvakhina(2014)–ChuvakhinaL.G. The InternationalMonetaryFundas an instrument of USpolicy.Proceedings of TulaStateUniversity. . [Mezhdunarodnyj valyutnyj fond kak instrument politiki SSHA. Izvestiya Tul’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta]. Economicandlegalsciences. [Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki]. 2014. No. 4-1.pp. 281-289.

Godes (2022) – Godes N.V.Globalfinancialstability: the process of conceptualization [Global’naya finansovaya ustojchivost’: process konceptualizacii]. Economics,modeling,forecasting. [Ekonomika, modelirovanie, prognozirovanie]. –2022.–No.16.–pp.48-58.–EDNFXJFRY.

Vinokurov,Levenkov(2021)–VinokurovE.Yu.,LevenkovA.S.GlobalFinancialSecuritynetwork: the evolution of the anti-crisisfunctionin the globalfinancialarchitecture [Global’naya set’ finansovoj bezopasnosti: evolyuciya antikrizisnoj funkcii v mirovoj finansovoj arhitekture]. Economicissues [Voprosy ekonomiki]. 2021.No.5.pp.26-42.

Mehdiyev(2021)–MehdiyevM.G.Internationallegalregulation of mechanisms for overcoming the balance of paymentsdeficit….dissertationfor the degree of Candidate of Law/FederalStateResearchInstitution”Institute of LegislationandComparativeLawunder the Government of the RussianFederation”[Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie mekhanizmov preodoleniya deficita platezhnogo balansa. … dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata yuridicheskih nauk / Federal’noe gosudarstvennoe nauchno-issledovatel’skoe uchrezhdenie “Institut zakonodatel’stva i sravnitel’nogo pravovedeniya pri Pravitel’stve Rossijskoj Federacii”]. 2021

Savvina(2020)–SavvinaO.V.GlobalFinancialSecuritynetworkinapandemic//Financialdrivers of economic growth:Russianandforeignexperience:proceedings of the InternationalScientific and PracticalConference. [Global’naya set’ finansovoj bezopasnosti v usloviyah pandemii // Finansovye drajvery rosta ekonomiki: rossijskij i zarubezhnyj opyt: materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii], Moscow,May29, 2020.Moscow:Plekhanov Russian UniversityofEconomics,2020, pp.202-207.EDNIZXMYX.

Aliev(2020)–AlievK.M.Analysis of publicdebtandapproachestoitsregulation [Analiz gosudarstvennogo dolga i podhody k ego regulirovaniyu]. Economy.Business. Banks. [Ekonomika. Biznes. Banki]. 2020.No.3(41).pp.111-125.

Mehdiyev(2019)–MehdiyevM.G.GlobalFinancialSecuritynetwork:fragmentation of internationalmonetarylaworregionalization? [Global’naya set’ finansovoj bezopasnosti: fragmentaciya mezhdunarodnogo valyutnogo prava ili regionalizaciya?]. Economy.Right.Society. [Ekonomika. Pravo. Obshchestvo]. 2019.No.3(19).pp.33-43.

Chuvakhina(2018)–ChuvakhinaL.G. The role of the US FederalReservein the globaleconomicsystem. [Rol’ FRS SSHA v mirovoj ekonomicheskoj sisteme]. Moscow,2018.

Krasavina(2018)–KrasavinaL.N.BRICScountries: participationin the managementreform of the InternationalMonetaryFund and the WorldBankGroup.What are the results? [Strany BRIKS: uchastie v reforme upravleniya mezhdunarodnym valyutnym fondom, gruppoj vsemirnogo banka. Kakovy rezul’taty?]. The world of the neweconomy. . [Mir novoj ekonomiki]. 2018.Vol. 12.No.3.pp.58-67.

Kuznetsova (2016) – Kuznetsova V.V. The world monetary system: problems and ways of reform. [Mirovaya valyutnaya sistema: problemy i puti reformirovaniya]. The world of the new economy. [Mir novoj ekonomiki]. 2016. No. 3. pp. 38-47.

Subject/Topic The article examines trade barriers restricting agricultural trade within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and in EAEU trade with third countries.

Goals/Objectives To systematize barriers and legal derogations, identify institutional drivers, assess effects on intra‑EAEU agri‑food trade, and propose measures to advance the single agricultural market.

Methodology Legal analysis of EAEU rules and the classification of tariff and non‑tariff measures, combined with an institutional and statistical review of data from the Eurasian Economic Commission, the Federal Customs Service, and Belstat, supported by recent scholarship.

Results/Conclusions and Proposals Most obstacles are non‑tariff and arise from incomplete regulatory harmonization and insufficient coordination and trust among national control bodies. Key barriers include technical regulations, veterinary‑sanitary and phytosanitary measures, administrative procedures, export restrictions, and hidden competitive practices, which affect prices, redirect trade flows, weaken production resilience, and constrain rural development. Recommendations include faster regulatory convergence and mutual recognition, digital control and traceability, coordinated state support, and a joint export policy.

Keywords: EAEU; trade barriers; veterinary and sanitary measures; phytosanitary restrictions; non‑tariff barriers; single agricultural market; agricultural exports.

Reference:

Serebrennikov (2024) – Serebrennikov A.M. Prospects for the development of the mineral fertilizers industry [Perspektivy razvitiya otrasli mineral’nyh udobrenij] // Economy. Business. Banks. [Ekonomika. Biznes. Banki]. 2024. No. 3 (73). pp. 68-78.

Danilevich, Fedotov (2023) – Danilevich A.R., Fedotov I.A. Import substitution in the Russian agricultural sector: analysis and prospects [Importozameshchenie v otrasli rossijskogo sel’skogo hozyajstva: analiz i perspektivy] // Economy. Business. Banks. [Ekonomika. Biznes. Banki]. 2023. No. 3 (69). pp. 56-66.

Abramov, Belogrud (2018) – Abramov V.L., Belogrud I.N. Labor aspects of the development of integration of the EU member states [Trudovye aspekty razvitiya integracii stran uchastnic Evrosoyuza] // Economy. Business. Banks. [Ekonomika. Biznes. Banki]. 2018. No. S4. pp. 104-110.

Loktev (2019) – Loktev D.N. Support for the export activities of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises in the USA [Podderzhka eksportnoj deyatel’nosti rossijskih malyh i srednih predpriyatij v SSHA] // Economy. Business. Banks. [Ekonomika. Biznes. Banki]. 2019. No. 2 (29). pp. 155-166.

Rykova, Shkodinsky S.V., Yuryeva (2019) – Rykova I.N., Shkodinsky S.V., Yuryeva A.A. Reducing the risks of the federal budget in the implementation of federal projects in agriculture [Snizhenie riskov federal’nogo byudzheta pri realizacii federal’nyh proektov v sel’skom hozyajstve] // Economy. Business. Banks. [Ekonomika. Biznes. Banki]. 2019. No. 6 (32). pp. 74-88.

Astafieva, Astafiev (2017) – Astafieva O.V., Astafiev E.V. Issues of ensuring food security for maintaining sustainable development of the country [Voprosy obespecheniya prodovol’stvennoj bezopasnosti dlya podderzhaniya ustojchivogo razvitiya strany] // Economy. Business. Banks. [Economy. Business. Banki]. 2017. No. 4 (21). pp. 39-50.

Kazennikova (2016) – Kazennikova V.P. Development of international trade and economic relations [Razvitie torgovyh mezhdunarodnyh ekonomicheskih svyazej] // Economy. Business. Banks. [Economy. Business. Banki]. 2016. No. C11. pp. 111-117.

The subject/topic The introduction of digital technologies in the accounting, control and analytical system has justified the rapid integration processes into the global economy.

The relevance of the topic of the universal introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of the economy with the inclusion of artificial intelligence lies in the search for more effective methods and models of accounting, control and analytical processes, as indicated in the article on the need for the formation of more expanded statistical information.

The purpose of the work is to study and present the special digitalization in accounting, control and analytical processes, as well as to create the need for updating statistical data.

The research methodology is based on the use of methods of description and review, observation, analysis and synthesis, as well as the dialectical method. Result of investigation. In the context of digitalization of accounting, control and analytical processes, there is a need to ensure the security of business processes. Information of many corporations and public joint-stock companies is disclosed on official websites. However, it is necessary to ensure the reliability and security of important accounting, control and analytical operational information. The limited statistical information on the official website of Rosstat of the Russian Federation has been revealed.

Conclusion. In the context of rapid integration into the global economy, the standards of accounting, control and analytical procedures are changing. The limited statistical regional and industry information on the official website of Rosstat of the Russian Federation creates problems for scientific research and for making optimal management decisions at various levels. Systematic updating of statistical information is necessary for effective management decision-making at all levels of government and the public.

Keywords: accounting and control information, analytical data, statistical accounting.

References:

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Abstract

Subject/Topic This article focuses on the advantages and risks of implementing the digital ruble, understanding which will help develop the most effective strategies for implementing the project.

Goals/Objectives The purpose of this article is to systematize information about the prospects and risks of creating a digital national currency in Russia.

Methodology Analysis of research papers and reports by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the economic, legislative, and institutional aspects of the introduction of national digital currencies in Russia and around the world, study and comparison of certain provisions of Russian legislation related to the concept of digital currencies, review of a survey conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center to determine public attitudes towards the digital ruble, and assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the digital ruble.

Results As a result of the study, the key goals and features of the digital ruble’s implementation were examined, the main advantages and risks of the Russian digital national currency project were analyzed and systematized, and certain recommendations were formulated to overcome the existing challenges and problems of this project by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Conclusions The study helps to understand the seriousness, scale, and significant complexity of the digital ruble implementation project. The analysis of the identified advantages of the Russian digital national currency confirms its focus on various economic entities, making the project highly beneficial for individuals, legal entities, and the state as a whole. The digital ruble helps to improve the efficiency and security of financial transactions, reduce certain costs, increase transparency and monitoring of transactions, promote the introduction of new innovative technologies, and enhance the effectiveness of economic policies in the country, thereby strengthening state sovereignty. However, the successful implementation of the project requires overcoming a number of serious challenges related to public trust, technological, legal, and social aspects.

Keywords: digital ruble, digital national currency, payment system, Bank of Russia, transactions, financial operations, digital technologies, and financial accessibility.

References:

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Yakusheva (2024) – Yakusheva E.E. The Digital Ruble as a National Digital Currency: Problems and Prospects of Development in the Context of Global Experience [Tsifrovoi rubl kak natsionalnaya tsifrovaya valyuta: problemi i perspektivi razvitiya v kontekste mirovogo opita] // Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. [Pravo. Zhurnal Visshei shkoli ekonomiki.] 2024. Vol. 17. No. 4. Pp. 254–277. (In Russ.), Doi: 10.17323/2072-8166.2024.4.254.277

Abstract

Subject/Topic. This article examines the concept of digital currency, the types of digital currency existing in the modern world, the characteristics of various types of digital currency, the practices of implementation and use of digital currency in different countries, as well as current trends in this area of the economy and future prospects for the use of digital currency.

Goals/Objectives. The purpose of this article is to search for and analyze information about digital money as a new type of money in the economy, their impact on the economy, the practices of their implementation and application in different countries, as well as to consider the prospects for the further development of this economic concept based on the current situation on the world stage.

Methodology. Studying, analyzing, and systematizing data obtained from scientific research on topics related to the subject of this article, legislative acts certifying the current status of digital currency in different countries and regulating its use, as well as the history of its use and application.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, key concepts and ideas on the topic of digital currency were formulated, the characteristics of the most common types of digital currency were examined, an analysis of the implementation and use of digital currencies worldwide was conducted, and an analysis of current trends in this industry as well as a forecast of future changes was made.

Conclusions. During the research, extensive information was collected and analyzed about digital money—a new type of money emerging at the intersection of technology and economics. It was revealed that digital currencies, including cryptocurrencies and central bank digital currencies, are being actively implemented in the practices of various countries, demonstrating diverse application models, degrees of legal regulation, and levels of adoption depending on the state.

Keywords: digital currency, programmable money, digital ruble, cryptocurrency, central banks, blockchain, decentralization, development trends, security, regulation, real money, mBridge, fiat digital money, regulatory policy, usage trends, electronic money, anonymity, equivalent, stablecoin.

References:

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Andreeva (2023) – Andreeva Elena M. 2023. “Fiat Digital Currencies: From Idea to Implementation” [Fiatny`e cifrovy`e valyuty`: ot idei do realizacii]. Bulletin of Saint Petersburg University. Law [Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo] 4: 1087–1104.

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Kochergin (2024) – Kochergin D.A. World experience of central bank digital currencies implementation for retail payments in emerging markets and developing countries [Mirovoj opy`t vnedreniya cifrovy`x valyut central`ny`x bankov dlya roznichny`x platezhej v stranax s formiruyushhimsya ry`nkom i razvivayushhixsya stranax] // Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. [Vestnik Instituta e`konomiki Rossijskoj akademii nauk.] – 2024. – №5. – P. 130-171.

Topic The review of the presentations of participants of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Human Capital as a key factor of innovation policy in the context of the digitalization of the economy”, held on October 30-31, 2024 at the International Center for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI), organized and conducted by teachers of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation and the Russian-Italian International University (Innovation Center for applied scientific research «RIM University»).

Goals/objectives To identify the mostpressingproblems of our time– the role of manin the context of the digitalization of the economy.Investmentsinhumancapitalare a keyfactor in the country’s innovativedevelopmentandcompetitiveness.

Methodology The methodologicalbasis of the studywas a comprehensiveanalysis of intellectualcapital,itsstructureandimpactoninnovationprocesses, an analysis of the systematizingclassification of intellectualcapitaland the development of digitaltechnologiesinRussia, the experience of Germany, the USA,Chinaandothercountries is interesting.Results/conclusions: It is proposed to discuss the “triplehelix”modelsin the United Statesand the “MadeinChina2025″strategy,which is being updatedasusefulinformationforspecialists;payattentionto personnel trainingin the field of informationsecurityanddigitaltechnologies,which is especiallyimportantforRussia.

Keywords: digital economy, human capital, intellectual capital, innovation, investment, information security, technological sovereignty, digital technologies, digitalization, digital economy, knowledge economy

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