Subject/Topic The evolution of scientific directions of long wave research is considered, a theoretical and analytical review of the state of research into the long-wave cyclicality of economic development dynamics is provided. The results of the analysis of the influence of long waves on the situation in the domestic economy and quantitative characteristics of the parameters of the long-wave dynamics of economic cycles are presented. The author’s point of view on the cyclic-wave dynamics of long-term vectors of economic development in the context of the theory of structural dynamics of the economy is presented.

Objective to study scientific directions of long wave research, to identify the features of manifestation of long-term cycles and directions of formation of long waves of economic dynamics in the modern economy.

Methodology a scientific and theoretical review of the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the theory of large cycles, the theory of structural dynamics, an analysis of the influence of long waves on the situation in the domestic economy based on statistical information was conducted, an opinion was formulated on the presence of cyclical-wave dynamics of long-term vectors of economic development, its systemic features were identified.

Results cyclical-wave dynamics is considered as a change of upward and downward phases in a spatio-temporal system that combines the spatial structure with the time scales of cycles. Conclusions were formed regarding the structure of the long-wave cycle in the space of cycles of different durations, linking economic phenomena in different time ranges.

Conclusions and assumptions were formulated reflecting the general patterns of formation of long waves of economic dynamics and their influence on the situation in the world and domestic economies. They can find practical application in developing economic growth benchmarks and making forecasts for the development of the domestic economy for the coming decades.

Keywords: innovations, long waves, economic cycle, cyclicality, cyclical-wave dynamics, economic activity.

References:

Makarov, Parovik (2023) – Makarov D.V., Parovik R.I. Theory of long waves of N.D. Kondratieff: scientific schools, methodological approaches, mathematical models: monograph. [Teorija dlinnyh voln N.D. Kondrat’eva: nauchnye shkoly, metodologicheskie podhody, matematicheskie modeli: monografija]. M.: ID «Academy of Natural Sciences», 2023. – 116 p.

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Keynes (2007) – John Maynard Keynes. Translated from English by E.V. Vinogradova et al. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money; Selected [Obshhaja teorija zanjatosti, procenta i deneg: Izbrannoe]. – Moscow: Eksmo, 2007. – 957 p.

Schumpeter (1992) – Schumpeter J. Theory of Economic Development [Teorija jekonomicheskogo razvitija]. M.: Progress, 1992. – 286 p.

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Slutsky (2010) – Slutsky E.E. Addition of Random Causes as a Source of Cyclical Processes. Economic and Statistical Works. Selected [Slozhenie sluchajnyh prichin kak istochnik ciklicheskih processov. Jekonomicheskie i statisticheskie proizvedenija. Izbrannoe], M.: Eksmo, 2010. P. 567–623.

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Juglar (1862) – Juglar C. Des Crises Commercials Et De Leur Retour Periodique En France. Париж, 1862.

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Ichkitidze, Rumyantseva (2016) – Ichkitidze Yu.R., Rumyantseva S.Yu. Trends in Innovative Development: World Experience of State Support for New Industries [Trendy innovacionnogo razvitija: mirovoj opyt gosudarstvennoj podderzhki novyh otraslej], St. Petersburg: Publishing and Printing Association of Russian Universities, 2016. – 313 p.

Kondratiev (2017) – Kondratiev N.D. Crises and forecasts in light of the theory of long waves. A view from the present [Krizisy i prognozy v svete teorii dlinnyh voln. Vzgljad iz sovremennosti], edited by L. E. Grinin, A.V. Korotaev, V. M. Bondarenko. Moscow: Moscow editorial office «Uchitel», 2017. – 384 p.

Mavsarova (2024) – Mavsarova M.U. Formation of innovation policy of companies taking into account national, regional, industry components [Formirovanie innovacionnoj politiki kompanij s uchetom nacional’noj, regional’noj, otraslevoj komponenty], Bulletin of Economics and Management. No. 3-4. 2024. P. 5-15.

Subject/topic The article systematizes and analyzes the key contradictions associated with the replacement of human labor by capital in the context of automation, digitalization, and the introduction of artificial intelligence. It is emphasized that automation affects not only physical but also intellectual labor, leading to the unification of labor activities, their simplification, and increased exploitation of humans. The article also criticizes the narrow interpretation of labor in modern economic science and emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach to understand the current transformation of social and labor relations. The author assesses the risks of losing human agency in the process of social reproduction, increasing capital control, and degrading the creative potential of society.

Goals/tasks The purpose of the study is to identify the socio-economic contradictions that arise in the historical process of the displacement of labor by capital at its current stage.

Methodology The study is based on the methodology of classical political economy.

Conclusions The article notes that Russia currently faces a combination of record-low unemployment and signs of stagnation. In this context, there is a need for systematic collaboration between the government, businesses, society, and organizations in the field of human capital development to improve the efficiency of labor resources. The key areas of implementation of this approach include the revision of economic categories used (in the context of human labor) and the conduct of interdisciplinary research, the prevention of overexploitation of living labor through digital control, and the preservation of human agency in the production process.

Keywords: labor market, labor alienation, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, unemployment

References:

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Alpidovskaya, Damenia (2025) – Alpidovskaya M.L., Damenia O.N., et al. Economic Science in the “New Reality”: From Dogma to Truth / Monograph. Moscow, 2025. [E`konomicheskaya nauka v novoj real`nosti: ot dogmy` k istine / Al`pidovskaya M.L., Damenia O.N., i dr. Monografiya. Moskva, 2025.]

Mezhuev (2007) – Mezhuev V.M. Socialism – a Space of Culture (Once Again on the Socialist Idea) / V.M. Mezhuev // Knowledge. Understanding. Skill. – 2007. – No. 1. [Mezhuev, V.M. Socializm – prostranstvo kul`tury` (Eshhyo raz o socialisticheskoj idee) / V.M. Mezhuev // Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie. – 2007. – № 1.]

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Alpidovskaya, Arakelyan, Sokolov (2025) – Alpidovskaya M.L., Arakelyan S.M., Sokolov D.P. Civilizational Aspect of the Strategy of Breakthrough Socio-Economic Development of Russia: Contradictions and Trends // Philosophy of Economy. 2025. No. 2 (158). Pp. 84-106. [Al`pidovskaya M.L., Arakelyan S.M., Sokolov D.P. Civilizacionny`j aspekt strategii prory`vnogo social`no-e`konomicheskogo razvitiya Rossii: protivorechiya i tendencii // Filosofiya xozyajstva. 2025. № 2 (158). S. 84-106.]

Annotation

Subject/topic The article analyzes the process of formation and development of ecosystems in the marketing market of air transport. It shows the importance of the digitalization process for Russian air carriers and the need for a complete transition to digital platforms, electronic resources, and blockchain technologies. The article analyzes emerging digital ecosystems in the air transport services market and provides internal monitoring based on the management hierarchy.

Goals/tasks To determine the real effectiveness of digital marketing ecosystems in the aviation industry and assess their impact on service consumers and the success of marketing companies.

Methodology The methodological basis includes elements of network theory, systems theory, and marketing theory. Some of the principles are borrowed from the theory of complex systems and modeling.

Conclusions It has been shown that digital marketing ecosystems in the aviation market are aimed at personalizing and hyper– personalizing product and service offerings for customers, as well as creating new market values (product, emotional, and functional). A classification of digital marketing ecosystems in the aviation market has been developed, which not only reflects the architecture of their construction but also takes into account the specific features of their functioning in the aviation industry.

Keywords: ecosystem, ecosystem model, relationship marketing, digital resources, digital technologies, blockchain technologies, principles of digital ecosystem classification, ecosystem marketing

References

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Teece (2018) – Teece D. Profiting from innovation in the digital economy: Enabling technologies, standards, and licensing models in the wireless world // Research Policy, vol. 47. – 2018. – No 8. – p. 1367–1387. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.01.015.

Wareham (2014) – Wareham, J. Technology ecosystem governance // Organization Science. – 2014. – No 25(4). – р. 1195– 1215.

Shapovalova, Ratushnyak (2005) – V. V. Shapovalova, E. S. Ratushnyak. The concept of an ecosystem in economics and management: a systematic review [Koncepciya ekosistemy v ekonomike i upravlenii: sistematicheskij obzor]// Russian Foreign Trade Bulletin, 2005. – No. 3. – P.49– 65

Autio (2014) – Autio E. Innovation ecosystems: implications for innovation management / E. Autio, L. D. W. Thomas // Oxford University Press, 2014. – No1. – p. 204– 228.

Khalin, Chernova, Kalaida (2021) – Khalin V. G., Chernova G.V., Kalaida S.A. Economic ecosystems and their classification [Ekonomicheskie ekosistemy i ih klassifikaciya] // Management Consulting, 2021.– No. 2.– P. 38–54.

Solovieva (2019) – Solovieva T.S. Theoretical aspects of the formation and development of regional social and innovative ecosystems [Teoreticheskie aspekty formirovaniya i razvitiya regional’nyh social’no– innovacionnyh ekosistem]//Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economics, 2019. – No. 3. – P. 84–93.

Kleiner (2019) – Kleiner G.B. Ecosystem Economics: A Step into the Future [Ekonomika ekosistem: shag v budushchee] // Economic Revival of Russia, 2019. – No. 1. – P. 40–45.

Abstract

The article is devoted to an extremely relevant topic in modern geopolitical and economic conditions — financial sovereignty as the basis of national security and the development of financial markets. The author notes that in the context of sanctions pressure and global instability, issues of independence in monetary, budgetary and monetary policy come to the fore. The relevance of the topic is beyond doubt and corresponds to the priorities of Russia’s state policy until 2030. Ensuring the financial sovereignty of the country is a key task in achieving national goals. Russia is focused on providing guarantees for financing the country’s needs, investing in high-tech projects, achieving financial sovereignty, and increasing the role of financial sovereignty in enhancing the prestige of the Russian economy. The article provides a detailed definition of financial sovereignty, supported by historical information (Mayer Rothschild quote), summarizes broad international experience, systematizes Russia’s strategic priorities, highlights key problems (technological dependence, limited payment systems, etc.) and suggests ways to solve them, including digitalization, international cooperation and training. Specific national projects are mentioned and their financing, which connects theoretical reasoning with the practice of public administration. The article may be useful for government officials, economists and financiers dealing with economic security issues. The measures proposed by the author (digital ruble, development of SPFS, personnel training) they are already being implemented or discussed at the state level, which confirms the practical orientation of the work.

Keywords: financial sovereignty, financial stability, strategic priorities, national security, financial security

References

Kupriyanova, Varlamova (2024) – Kupriyanova L.M., Varlamova S.B. The development of digitalization of the Russian Financial sector in the context of increased sanctions. Economy. Business. Cans. 2024. No. 2 (72). pp. 25-41. (in Russ.).

Kupriyanova (2018) – Kupriyanova L.M. Intellectual property law in the intellectual property market. Modern Lawyer. 2018. No. 1 (22). pp. 92-101. (in Russ.).

Dzhikiya, Yankovskaya, Kuprianova, Sapozhnikova, Tkacheva (2023) – Dzhikiya M.K., Yankovskaya V.V., Kuprianova L.M., Sapozhnikova N.G., Tkacheva M.V. Sustainable HRM in the Sap-Lap model: flexible organizational systems based on change management. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management. 2023. No. b/n. pp. 1-15. (Scopus)

Kaminskaya, Petrosyants, Simonov, Seleznev, Kupriyanova (2023) – Kaminskaya T.L., Petrosyants D.V., Simonov K.V., Seleznev P.S., Kupriyanova L.M. National projects of Russia as an image management problem. Economy. Taxes. Right. 2023. Vol. 16. No. 4. pp. 17-34. (in Russ.).

Anishchenko, Faybusovich (2023) – Anishchenko A.V., Faybusovich K.B. Financial sovereignty and financial security of Russia in the modern world: lessons of history. Questions of history. 2023. No. 2-1. pp. 118-127. (in Russ.).

Sokolov, Filatov (2023) – Sokolov A.B., Filatov V.I. New tools for investment support of projects in the field of technological sovereignty. The world of the new economy. 2023. Vol. 17. No. 3. pp. 91-108. (in Russ.).

Zvonova, Kuznetsov, Pishik, Silvestrov (2020) – Zvonova E.A., Kuznetsov A.V., Pishik V.Ya., Silvestrov S.N. Features and prospects of building a two-circuit monetary and financial system at the national and regional levels. The world of the new economy. 2020. Vol. 14. No. 1. pp. 26-33 (in Russ.).

Akhilgova (2024) – Akhilgova P.S. Financial education as a tool for strengthening Russia’s financial sovereignty. In the collection: Global challenges and scientific initiatives. Collection of scientific papers based on the materials of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference. Saint Petersburg, 2024. pp. 111-116. (in Russ.).

Zhironkin, Safiullin, Konovalova, Kuzmina (2024) – Zhironkin S.A., Safiullin L.N., Konovalova M.E., Kuzmina O.Y. Development of the digital financial assets market in the context of ensuring Russia’s financial sovereignty. Digital economy and innovation. 2024. No. 3. pp. 29-40. (in Russ.).

Chmut (2023) – Chmut G.A. The digital ruble and the financial sovereignty of the country. In the collection: Current issues of modern science: theory, methodology, practice, innovation. Collection of scientific articles based on the materials of the XIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Ufa, 2023. pp. 117-121. (in Russ.).

Subject/Topic Currently, traditional financial reporting is no longer able to fully meet the increasing demands of users of corporate information, and there is a growing need for alternative “non-financial reporting” around the world. Global and Russian practices for non-financial reporting are still in their early stages, and this movement is leading to the gradual standardization of key reporting indicators. This article explores the issue of unifying non-financial components of corporate reporting in the Russian Federation, as well as their regulatory framework and management.

Goals/Objectives To assess the regulation of non-financial components of corporate reporting in the Russian Federation. To demonstrate the need for gradual unification of non-financial corporate reports.

Methodology The research is based on the use of analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and statistical methods, as well as economic analytical tools.

Conclusion: The study analyzed the state and practice of forming non-financial components of corporate reporting in the Russian Federation, examined the structure of non-financial reports of two corporations for 2024 (Russian Railways and Gazprom), and concluded that there is a need for gradual standardization and unification of non-financial components of corporate reporting.

Keywords: non-financial corporate reporting, intellectual capital, socially responsible investment, sustainable development, social reports, environmental reports, industry reports, corporate governance, public non-financial reporting, social performance reports

References:

Bulyga, Safonova (2022) – Bulyga R.P., Safonova I. V. Business audit in the ESG format: the development of a methodology for verifying corporate reporting. [Audit biznesa v formate ESG: razvitie metodologii verifikacii korporativnoj otchetnosti] // Accounting. Analysis. Audit. [Uchet. Analiz. Audit.] — 2022. — № 5//— 2022. — № 5.

Dombrovskaya, Bykova (2024) – Dombrovskaya E.N., Bykova V.V. Approaches to defining the boundaries of non-financial reporting [Podkhody k opredeleniyu granic nefinansovoj otchetnosti] // Auditor. [Auditor.]— 2024. — Vol. 10, No. 4. — pp. 23-33.

Dombrovskaya, Bykova (2024) – Dombrovskaya E.N., Bykova V.V. Standardization of non-financial reporting in international practice [Standartizaciya nefinansovoj otchetnosti v mezhdunarodnoj praktike]// Economic sciences. [Ehkonomicheskie nauki.] – 2024. — No. 232. — pp. 109-120. //— 2024. — № 232. — S. 109—120.

Erokhina (2024) – Erokhina E. The pitfalls of mandatory preparation of non-financial reporting [Podvodnye kamni obyazatel’noj pod gotovki nefinansovoj otc] / Vedomosti [Vedomosti.] — URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru /

Gordova (2024) – Gordova M.A. Greenwashing as a method of falsification of non-financial statements [Grinvoshing kak metod fal’sifikacii nefinansovoj otchetnosti] // //Economic sciences. [Ehkonomicheskie nauki.] — 2024. — No. 233. — pp. 217-222. Gordova M.A.

Gordova (2023) – Gordova M.A. Application of digital technologies in the formation and presentation of non-financial reporting of economic entities [Primenenie cifrovykh tekhnologij pri formirovanii i predstavlenii nefinansovoj otchetnosti ehkonomicheskikh sub”ektov] // Economic sciences. [Ehkonomicheskie nauki.] — 2023. — No. 223. — pp.131-134. //

Michurina (2025) – Michurina N.A. Assessment of the prospects for the introduction of mandatory non-financial reporting in Russia [Ocenka perspektivy vnedreniya obyazatel’noj nefinansovoj otchetnosti v Ros sii] // Society: politics, economics, law. [Obshchestvo: politika, ehkonomika, pravo.] — 2025. — 1(138). — Pp. 98-104.

Abstract

Subject/Topic The focus of this study is on the adaptation strategies of Russian households formed in response to the challenges of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The transformation of economic behavior and social practices in the period 2020-2021 is analyzed.

Goals / Objective The aim is to identify and comprehensively analyze the key factors that determined the processes of socio-economic adaptation, as well as to assess the effectiveness of these strategies in a crisis.

Methodology The methodological basis is a secondary analysis of official statistics (Rosstat), results of representative sociological surveys (VTsIOM, NAFI, FOM) and expert opinions. Methods of comparative and structural-functional analysis were applied, which allowed for cross-temporal comparison of indicators and identification of institutional changes.

Results The study revealed the duality of the adaptation process: on the one hand, there was a successful integration of digital technologies into everyday practices, on the other hand, financial vulnerability of significant segments of the population persisted. The hypothesis about the growing importance of human capital as a key adaptation resource is empirically confirmed.

Conclusions and Relevance It is concluded that the pandemic acted as a catalyst for structural changes, accelerating digitalization and exacerbating the problem of social inequality. Adaptation was asymmetric, determined primarily by the socio-economic status of households.

Keywords: socio-economic adaptation, household survival strategies, COVID-19 pandemic, sanitary and epidemiological crisis, digital transformation, economic behavior, human capital, remote employment.

References:

Shupletsov (2021) – Shupletsov A.F. Economic consequences of covid-19. Baikal State University. [Ekonomicheskie posledstviya covid-19] DOI: 10.54861/27131211_2021_8_5

Smirnov (2024) – Smirnov S.N. Regions of Russia after 2021: features of assessing socio-economic changes. [Regiony Rossii posle 2021 goda: osobennosti otsenki sotsialno-ekonomicheskikh izmenenii]. Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. DOI:10.31249/espr/2024.04.01

Seleznev P.S., Ponomarev (2023) – Seleznev P.S., Ponomarev N.A. Dynamics of population income as a factor in changing the quality of life in the Russian Federation 2020–2023. [Dinamika dokhodov naseleniya kak faktor izmeneniya kachestva zhizni v rossiiskoi federatsii 2020–2023 gg.]. DOI: 10.38197/2072-2060-2024-248-4-314-324

Karapetyan, Filippova (2023) – Karapetyan Ruben V., Filippova Marina V. Labor market and employment in the post-pandemic reality: facets of the split and vectors of development (review of the results of the VI St. Petersburg International Labor Forum). Ezhegodnik trudovogo prava 2023 г. 13: 345–355. [Rynok truda i zanyatost v postpandemicnoi realnosti: grani razloma i vektory razvitiya (obzor itogov VI Sankt-Peterburgskogo mezhdunarodnogo foruma truda). Ezhegodnik trudovogo prava]. – URL: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu32.2023.124 (Date of access: 14.09.2025)

Subject In the context of global digitalization, the level of digital literacy of the population is becoming a key factor in the competitiveness of the national economy. This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the role of digital competencies of the population in the process of digital transformation of the Russian economy, with a special focus on identifying systemic barriers and developing strategies to overcome them.

Goal To conduct a multidimensional analysis of the current state of digital literacy in Russia, assess its impact on the pace of digitalization of various sectors of the economy, and develop practical recommendations for the formation of an effective system for developing digital skills of the population, taking into account regional and demographic characteristics.

Methodology The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining comparative analysis of international practices (the SkillsFuture program in Singapore, the Estonian educational system, and the experience of South Korea), econometric analysis of Rosstat and RAEC data for 2018-2023, PEST analysis of political, economic, social, and technological factors, and regression analysis to identify correlations between access to digital infrastructure and the level of digital activity and case studies of regional digitalization programs (Tatarstan, Novosibirsk Region)

Results A stable correlation (r = 0.89) was found between access to high-speed Internet in rural schools and the level of digital activity of the population. It was found that only 29% of Russians have advanced digital skills (working with AI, Big Data), while among teachers this figure is only 12%. An original model for assessing digital literacy through the lens of competencies for working with artificial intelligence has been developed, which includes 4 key components: technical skills, analytical abilities, adaptability to change, and digital security. Significant regional disparities have been found: the gap between Moscow (85%) and the Republic of Tuva (48%) on the digital literacy index reaches 1.8 times.

Conclusions For the successful digital transformation of the Russian economy, it is necessary to create an end-to-end system of continuous digital education covering all age groups, prioritize the development of digital infrastructure in lagging regions, mass retraining of teaching staff with an emphasis on the practical application of digital technologies, the development of differentiated digital literacy programs for various professional groups and the introduction of public-private partnership mechanisms in the field of digital education. Of particular importance is the adaptation of the best international practices to Russian conditions, which requires significant institutional changes and coordination between all participants in the digital transformation.

Keywords: digital literacy, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, human capital, regional disparities, educational policy, digital skills, inclusive development.

References:

Seliverstova (2021) – Seliverstova N.A. Digital literacy [Cifrovaya gramotnost’] // Knowledge. Understanding. Ability. [Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie.]. 2021. No. 3. pp. 220-224.

Vologda (2023) – Vologda A. E. Characteristics of the digital transformation process: new opportunities and challenges generated by digital transformation [Kkarakteristika processa cifrovoj transformacii: novy`e vozmozhnosti i vy`zovy`, porozhdaemy`e cifrovoj transformaciej] // Theory and practice of the service: economics, social sphere, technology [Teoriya i praktika servisa: e`konomika, social`naya sfera, texnologii] 2023. №1 (55).

Jafarova, Pogorelova (2023) – Jafarova Z.K., Pogorelova L.A. Digital education and digital transformation [Tcifrovoe obrazovanie i cifrovaya transformaciya] // Journal of Monetary Economics and Management [Journal of Monetary Economics and Management]. 2023. No. 3.

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