Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal aspect of digitalization in law, which naturally develops in the era of digitalization of various spheres of public relations.

Goals/objectives. The authors state that the digitalization of legal practice should be considered as a result and consequence of the development of the digital economy. It is proved that digitalization inevitably penetrates legal practice more and more intensively, which, however, does not yet allow us to conclude that a new theoretical and legal typification is needed in this regard.

Methodology. In preparing the article, the authors used a combination of general scientific and specific scientific methods. The dialectical method allowed them to study the prerequisites for digitalization in law.

Results/Conclusions. An element of scientific novelty of the conducted research is the analysis of digitalization in law not just as a set of empirical data, but the identification of trends in its development from the point of view of the theory of state and law. Legal theorists, unlike representatives of other fields of legal sciences, rarely study this topic

Keywords: digitalization, digital law, type of state and law, artificial intelligence, digitalization of law enforcement.

References:

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Chukanova, Babchenko (2024) – Chukanova E.S., Babchenko A.I. Artificial intelligence and justice: myth or reality [Iskusstvenii intellect i pravosudie: mif ili realnost] // Criminal justice. [Ugolonaya ustitia] – 2024. – No. 23. – P. 85.

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Zorkin V.D. Law in the Digital World. Reflections on the Sidelines of the St. Petersburg International Legal Forum [Pravo v tsifrovom mire. Razmyshlenia na polayh Peterburskogo Mezhdunarodnogo uridichesckogo foruma] // Rossiyskaya Gazeta – Stolichny Vypusk. 30.05.2018. – No. 7578 (115).

Subject/topic The article examines the legal norms and ethical principles governing the processes of systematization of information, data, documents and regulatory legal acts in the field of healthcare, as well as their impact on the quality of medical care, protection of citizens’ rights and development of the industry. The current legislation in the field of healthcare is analyzed, key ethical principles and their application in the context of systematization of legislation are studied. The subject of the study is the legal and ethical principles and norms associated with the process of systematization of regulatory legal acts. The object of the study is social relations arising in the process of systematization of legislation within the framework of the functioning of the healthcare system, their structuring and bringing into a single system of regulatory legal acts.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the legal and ethical aspects of systematization of legislation in the field of healthcare, identification of problems associated with its fragmentation, inconsistency and complexity of perception, as well as the development of proposals for improving these processes and compliance with ethical principles. To achieve the stated goals, the following tasks were set: to examine the extent to which the existing legislation complies with the ethical principles of justice, transparency and awareness of citizens; to formulate recommendations for optimizing the process of systematization of legislation in the field of healthcare; to study how insufficient systematization affects law enforcement practice, accessibility of justice and the implementation of citizens’ rights.

Methodology Such general scientific methods as the historical, logical method, the method of generalization, deduction and induction were used.

Conclusion The article analyzes the current legislation in the field of healthcare, reveals the legal and ethical aspects of systematization, their interaction with each other, identifies risks, challenges and ethical dilemmas.

Keywords: Systematization, healthcare, legislation, law, lawmaking.

Reference:

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Subject/topic The evolution and diversity of concepts of the political and legal ideal in the political and legal thought of the 15th–18th centuries, formed under the influence of the Christian tradition, preconditions of industrialization, and rationalism, are considered.

Goals/objectives To identify the key political and legal ideals of the era under consideration, conduct their comparative evolutionary analysis by revealing the thinkers’ views on the fundamental contradiction between “personocentrism” (priority of individual rights and freedoms) and “systemocentrism” (priority of stability and needs of the state), and to show the influence of the developed concepts on the formation of modern political and legal institutions.

Methodology The methodological basis consisted of comparative-historical and evolutionary approaches, analysis and synthesis of concepts, and the system-structural method, which allowed for the comparison of heterogeneous and often opposing models of thinkers of the era.

Results/conclusions It is substantiated that the political and legal thought of the pre-industrial period of the Modern Age was not unified, demonstrating a spectrum of concepts from utopian communism and enlightened absolutism to liberal constitutionalism. The key dividing line between doctrines was the attitude towards the right of private property. Despite Christian roots, a transformation towards a rational justification of power and law (natural law, human reason) occurred, leading to the secularization of political and legal thought. In response to the problems of power abuse, fundamental institutional mechanisms for its limitation were developed: the theory of separation of powers, the idea of popular sovereignty, and the principle of the rule of law. The search for ideals also led to the formation of the foundations of modern international law. The concepts of the studied era formed the main body of ideas that largely determine the content of modern political and legal ideals.

Keywords: political and legal ideal, Modern Age, natural law, social contract, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, rule of law, private property, personocentrism, systemocentrism.

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The subject/topic. In the conditions of modernity and the development of the healthcare system, the problem of medical errors is becoming increasingly relevant, both from the point of view of professional ethics and legal responsibility. The article discusses the legal and ethical aspects of holding doctors accountable for making medical mistakes. The analysis of current legislation, judicial practice and mechanisms for establishing the fact of medical error is carried out. Special attention is paid to the classification of errors, the distinction between objective complications and violations of standards of medical care. The article examines the issues of civil and criminal liability of medical workers, as well as the impact of mistakes on the reputation and psychological state of a doctor.

Goals/task. The purpose of this study is to identify the legal grounds and features of holding doctors accountable for making medical errors, as well as to develop proposals for improving current legislation and the practice of its application.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, as well as special legal methods: formal legal, comparative legal and system analysis. In the course of the research, the norms of Russian legislation, judicial acts, and professional medical standards were analyzed.

Conclusion. The research results in specific proposals for improving Russian legislation aimed at reducing the number of medical errors, strengthening patient confidence, and ensuring a balance between the rights of patients and the protection of doctors’ professional activities.

Keywords: medical error, legal responsibility, medical worker, right to medical care, negligence, medical error in criminal law, medical error in foreign countries.

References:

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Kuznetsova(2020)–KuznetsovaI.M.Disciplinaryresponsibilityin the system of legalregulation of the work of medicalworkers [Disciplinarnaya otvetstvennost’ v sisteme pravovogo regulirovaniya truda meditsinskikh rabotnikov]//Laborlawandpractice [Trudovoe pravo i praktika]. —2020. — No.6. —pp.33-40.

Orlova (2022) – Orlova T.S. Legal regulation and practice of applying disciplinary penalties in medical organizations [Pravovoe regulirovanie i praktika primeneniya disciplinarnykh vzyskaniy v meditsinskikh organizatsiyakh] // Bulletin of the Faculty of Law [Vestnik yuridicheskogo fakulteta]. — 2022. — No. 5. — pp. 88-96.

Goncharova (2020) – Goncharova N.N. Legal responsibility of medical workers for violation of patients’ rights [Yuridicheskaya otvetstvennost’ meditsinskikh rabotnikov za narushenie prav patsientov] //. Journal of Russian Law [Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava]. — 2020. — No. 4. — pp. 122–128.

Krasnova (2019) — Krasnova E.Yu. Medical error and doctor’s responsibility: Legal analysis [Meditsinskaya oshibka i otvetstvennost’ vracha: pravovoy analiz] // State and Law [Gosudarstvo i pravo]. — 2019. — No. 6. — pp. 88–94.

Bimbinov(2022)–A.A. Bimbinov Causingharmin the provision of medicalcareas the provision of services that do notmeetsafetyrequirements [Prichinenie vreda pri okazanii meditsinskoy pomoshchi kak okazanie uslug, ne otvechayushchikh trebovaniyam bezopasnosti]//Journal of RussianLaw [Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava].—2022.—Vol. 26,No.7.—pp.125-136.

Karpova (2021) – Karpova N.V. Problems of holding doctors criminally liable [Problemy privlecheniya vrachey k ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti] // M.: Yuniti-Dana [M.: Yuniti-Dana]. — 2021. — p. 158.

Kryukova (2022) – Kryukova O.S. Legal foundations of medical error in Russian legislation [Pravovye osnovy vrachebnoy oshibki v rossiyskom zakonodatel’stve] // Medical Law [Meditsinskoe pravo]. — 2021. — No. 1. — pp. 35–41.

Melnikov (2020) – Melnikov L.A. Responsibility of medical personnel: Administrative and criminal aspects [Otvetstvennost’ meditsinskogo personala: administrativnye i ugolovnye aspekty] // Law and Health [Pravo i zdorov’e]. — 2020. — No. 3. — pp. 52–59.

Guseva (2021) – Guseva L.P. Medical error as a basis for legal responsibility of a doctor [Meditsinskaya oshibka kak osnovanie yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti vracha] // Tomsk State University Journal of Law [Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo]. — 2021. — No. 42. — pp. 97–106.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is to analyze the main aspects of the civil legal capacity of public legal entities, highlight the specifics of their participation in civil legal relations and assess the impact of such participation on the functioning of civil law institutions. The main objectives of the study include studying the concept and characteristics of public legal entities as special subjects of civil law, analyzing the specifics of the participation of public legal entities in civil legal relations through their bodies and specialized structures, as well as assessing modern trends in the development of the institution of public legal entities.

Methodology The methodological basis of the study includes a set of methods of scientific knowledge, such as historical and legal, which allows tracing the evolution of ideas about public legal entities and identifying changes in regulatory regulation, as well as the empirical method and the normative-dogmatic method.

Conclusion The study under consideration focuses on the study of the civil legal capacity of public legal entities, highlighting the characteristic features of their participation in civil circulation. The results of the study allow us to draw a conclusion about the established mechanism of interaction between public legal entities and other subjects of civil law, and emphasize the need for further improvement of legislation to improve the efficiency of this institution in a market economy.

Keywords: public legal entities, property, state, legal capacity of the state.

References:

Zhuravleva (2019) – Zhuravleva A.V. Public-law entities as subjects of civil-law relations: concepts and types [Publichno-pravovyye obrazovaniya kak sub”yekty grazhdansko-pravovykh otnosheniy: ponyatiya i vidy] A.V. Zhuravleva // Colloquium-journal. 2019. No. 21 (45). P.55-58.

Sadrieva (2015) – Sadrieva R.R. On the issue of the essence of the state as a subject of civil law [K voprosu o sushchnosti gosudarstva kak sub”yekta grazhdanskogo prava] R.R. Sadrieva // Actual problems of Russian law. 2015. No. 5. P. 69-74.

Purge 92024) – Purge A.R. Features of the civil-legal status of a subject (region) of the Russian Federation [Osobennosti grazhdansko-pravovogo statusa sub”yekta (regiona) Rossiyskoy Federatsii] A.R. Purge // Modern lawyer. 2024. No. 4 (49). P. 8-20.

Bokiy (2024) – Bokiy V.Yu. On the issue of unification of digital instruments of public administration in the Russian Federation [K voprosu ob unifikatsii tsifrovykh instrumentov gosudarstvennogo upravleniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii] V.Yu. Bokiy // Modern lawyer. 2024. No. 4 (49) pp. 88-97.

Commentary on the Civil Code of the Russian Federation [Kommentariy k Grazhdanskomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii/]. Educational and practical. Parts 1, 2, 3, 4 / Ed. S.A. Stepankov. 5th ed. – Moscow: Infra-M, 2017. – 1648 p.

Subject/topic The subject of our research was the social relations that took place in Russia in the 15th-18th centuries and at the present time, which are regulated by the laws of the property pledge. The object of the article was the legislation, both modern and related to the specified historical period, the research papers of prerevolutionary civil scientists, which are based directly on documents of that era in the form of contracts, debt and mortgage receipts, etc.

Goals/objectives The purpose of our study is to conduct a comparative analysis of collateral legal relations in Russia in the 15th-18th centuries and at the present age, which made it possible to trace the development of legislation and the practice of its application in the field of security transactions, as well as to evaluate the results that have been achieved both in the scientific and applied components of the study of this type of transaction.

Methodology The methodology of the presented research was made up of both general scientific methods: dialectics, comparative analysis and analogy, and special methods of understanding law – formal-legal, historical-legal, sociological-legal in conjunction with causal.

Conclusion A key difference has been established, expressed in the content of the property rights of the pledgee in relation to the subject of the pledge, namely the transfer of ownership of it to the pledgee immediately upon the emergence of the pledge in accordance with the norms of ancient Russian law, whereas in the modern understanding the pledgee does not receive such a property right. A similar ancient contractual structure has also been identified in modern law – the repo agreement, which indicates the possibility of implementing previously existing law enforcement practices.

Keywords: pledge, property rights, obligations, sales contract, security, surety, collection, repo.

References:

Meyer (1855) – Meyer D. I. Pledge in ancient Russian law [Zalog v drevnem russkom prave], Publisher: I. Dubrovin. Kazan, [Izdatel’stvo: I. Dubrovin. Kazan]. 1855

Blinova (2019) – Blinova M.A. On the issue of the formation of collateral in Ancient Russia [K voprosu o stanovlenii zaloga v Drevnej Rusi]. Society: politics, economics, law [Obshchestvo: politika, ekonomika, parvo]. 2019

Kolcova, Shichanin (2019) – Kolcova O.R., Shichanin M.A. History of collateral in Russia [Istoriya zaloga v Rossii]. Skif. Student Science Issues [Skif. Voprosy studencheskoj nauki], 2019.

Hachaturov (2013) – Hachaturova R.L. Pskov judicial charter // Monuments of Russian law: a teaching aid. In 35 volumes. Vol. 2. Monuments of the law of specific Rus [Pskovskaya sudnaya gramota // Pamyatniki rossijskogo prava: uchebno-nauchnoe posobie. V 35 t. T. 2. Pamyatniki prava udel’noj Rusi] under the general editorship of Hachaturov R.L. [pod obshch. red. Hachaturova R.L.]. Мoscow, 2013, 7-64.

Zvonitsky (1912) – Zvonitsky A.S. On the pledge under Russian law. [O zaloge po russkomu pravu], Kyiv, 1912, 36

Tikhomirov, Epifanov (1961) – Tikhomirov M.N., Epifanov P.P. Cathedral Code of 1649 [Sobornoye ulozheniye 1649 goda], Moscow, Moscow University Publishing House [Moskva, Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo universiteta], 1961.

Chistyakov (1986) – Russian legislation of the 10th–20th centuries under the general editorship of Chistyakov O.I. Vol. 4. Moscow: Legal Literature, [Rossiyskoye zakonodatel’stvo X–XX vv. pod obshchey redaktsiyey Chistyakova O.I. T.4. M.: Yuridicheskaya literature], 1986.

Shershenevich (2024) – Shershenevich G. F. Textbook of Russian civil law in 2 volumes. Volume 1. General part [Uchebnik russkogo grazhdanskogo prava v 2 t. Tom 1. Obshchaya chast], Moscow, Publisher: Yurait, [Moskva, Izdatel’stvo: Yurayt,], 2024.

Pobedonoscev (2003) – Pobedonoscev K.P. Civil law course: in 3 vol. Volume 1. [Kurs grazhdanskogo prava: v 3 t. Tom 1]; Moscow; Zercalo, 2003, 341.

Casso (1999) – Casso L.A. The concept of pledge in modern law [Ponyatie o zaloge v sovremennom prave]. Moscow, Statut, 1999.

Subject/topic The article provides a detailed analysis of the institution of turning the execution of judicial acts in domestic civil proceedings, the specifics and difficulties of its application in relation to settlement agreements.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze contradictions and legal uncertainties that arise when the execution of a court-approved settlement agreement is reversed, as well as to substantiate proposals for improving the legal regulation of this institution. The objectives of the study include the analysis of current legislation regulating the institution of the reversal of judicial acts; the study of law enforcement practice and judicial statistics on cases related to the reversal of judicial acts, in particular definitions on the approval of amicable agreements.; identification of the problems and shortcomings (gaps) of the existing legal regulation that create legal uncertainties and hinder the effective resolution of disputes in this area; proposals to eliminate the identified problems and shortcomings (gaps).

Methodology The article was prepared using formal legal, logical, and normative-doctrinal methods of scientific knowledge, as well as an analysis of judicial statistics and judicial practice.

Results/conclusions The author concludes that the institution of reversal of judicial acts in civil proceedings can be applied to settlement agreements, including on the basis of statements from plaintiffs and third parties, and suggests providing appropriate explanations in order to form unified and fair approaches to the issue of reversal of the settlement agreement, preventing abuse of law and circumvention of the law at the level of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. courts in relation to typical situations, taking into account the legal positions formulated in the science of procedural law, the established judicial practice and official interpretations of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts.

Keywords: settlement agreement, reversal of execution, civil procedure, balance of interests of the parties, abuse of law

References:

Tamarovskaya (2022) – Tamarovskaya G.V. Reversal of the execution of a court decision: the concept and current issues [Povorot ispolneniya resheniya suda: ponyatie i aktual’naya problematika] // Issues of sustainable development of society [Voprosy ustoichivogo razvitiya obshchestva]. – 2022. – № 4. – 721-725 рр.

Abolonin (2010) – Abolonin V.O. The problem of turning the execution of certain judicial acts in civil proceedings [Problema povorota ispolneniya nekotorykh sudebnykh aktov v grazhdanskom protsesse] // Arbitration and civil procedure [Arbitrazhnyi i grazhdanskii protsess]. – 2010. – № 12. – pp. 33 – 36.

Sabirova (2022) – Sabirova R.R. Procedural features of the consideration of causes related to the reversal of the execution of a court decision [Protsessual’nye osobennosti rassmotreniya del, svyazannykh s povorotom ispolneniya resheniya suda] // Synergy of Sciences [Sinergiya Nauk]. – 2022. – № 68. – pp. 209-230;

Kulik (2020) – Kulik T.YU. Some issues of turning the execution of judicial acts of arbitration courts [Nekotorye voprosy povorota ispolneniya sudebnykh aktov arbitrazhnykh sudov] // Science and education: economy and economics, entrepreneurship, law and management [Nauka i obrazovanie: khozyaistvo i ehkonomika, predprinimatel’stvo, pravo i upravlenie]. – 2020. – № 4(119). – pp. 104-106.

Rekhtina (2009) – Rekhtina I.V. Analogy in civil and arbitration proceedings: problems of theory and practice of application [Analogiya v grazhdanskom i arbitrazhnom protsesse: problemy teorii i praktiki primeneniya] // Modern law [Sovremennoe parvo]. – 2009. – № 11. – pp. 102 – 106.

Klyaus (2023) – Klyaus N.V. The reversal of the execution of a court decision in a civil case [Povorot ispolneniya resheniya suda po grazhdanskomu delu] // Omsk Scientific Readings – 2022: legal sciences: Proceedings of the V All-Russian Scientific Conference. In 5 parts, Omsk, November 07, 2022. Volume Part 5. Omsk: Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky. [Omskie nauchnye chteniya – 2022: yuridicheskie nauki: Materialy V Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii. V 5-ti chastyakh, Omsk, 07 noyabrya 2022 goda. Tom Chast’ 5. Omsk: Omskii gosudarstvennyi universitet im. F.M. Dostoevskogo]. – 2023. – pp. 19-23.

Muranov (2006) – Muranov A.I. Turning the execution of judicial acts: some issues of interpretation and application [Povorot ispolneniya sudebnykh aktov: nekotorye voprosy tolkovaniya i primeneniya] // Actual problems of international private and civil law. On the 80th anniversary of V.A. Kabatov: A collection of articles / edited by S.N. Lebedev [Aktual’nye problemy mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo i grazhdanskogo prava. K 80-letiyu V.A. Kabatova: Sbornik statei / pod red. S.N. Lebedeva]. – M.: Statut. – 2006. – pp. 182-201.

Kutyukhina (2020) – Kutyukhina I.I. On the issue of the reversal of the execution of the court decision [K voprosu o povorote ispolneniya resheniya suda] // Theology. Philosophy. Right. [Teologiya. Filosofiya. Pravo]. – 2020. – № 2(14). – pp. 32-40.

Zaikov (2017) – Zaikov D. E. The reversal of the execution of a judicial act in the arbitration process: problems of law enforcement practice [Povorot ispolneniya sudebnogo akta v arbitrazhnom protsesse: problemy pravoprimenitel’noi praktiki] // Russian Law Journal [Rossiiskii yuridicheskii zhurnal]. – 2017. – № 3(114). – pp. 118-128.

Korobov, Belonozhkin (2018) – Korobov O.A., Belonozhkin A.YU. Some issues that arise when the execution of a judicial act is reversed [Nekotorye voprosy, voznikayushchie pri povorote ispolneniya sudebnogo akta] // The Russian judge [Rossiiskii sud’ya]. – 2018. – № 12. – pp. 34 – 38.

Levkin, Alamov (2021) – Levkin I.V., Alamov I.L. Problems of turning the execution of court decisions in civil proceedings [Problemy povorota ispolneniya resheniya suda v grazhdanskom protsesse] // Society, state, personality: youth entrepreneurship in behavioral economics in the context of digitalization: Proceedings of the XXI International Scientific and Practical Conference of Students, undergraduates, postgraduates and Young Scientists, Kazan, 29 April 2021. Volume Part 1 [Obshchestvo, gosudarstvo, lichnost’: molodezhnoe predprinimatel’stvo v povedencheskoi ehkonomike v usloviyakh tsifrovizatsii: Materialy XXI Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii studentov, magistrantov, aspirantov i molodykh uchenykh, Kazan’, 29 aprelya 2021 goda. Tom Chast’ 1]. – Kazan’: Universitet upravleniya «TISBI». – 2021. – pp. 294-297.

Abolonin (2010) – Abolonin V.O. The problem of turning the execution of certain judicial acts in civil proceedings [Problema povorota ispolneniya nekotorykh sudebnykh aktov v grazhdanskom protsesse] // Arbitration and civil proceedings [Arbitrazhnyi i grazhdanskii protsess]. – 2010. – № 12. – pp. 33 – 36.

Subject/topic The article is devoted to a comparative legal study of the essence of the phenomena of legal uncertainty and uncertainty of law, the ratio of their common features and differences.

Goals/objectives The authors state that legal uncertainty should be considered as a binary model, the positive or negative properties of which are manifested depending on the scope of regulation and the legal facts preceding its occurrence. Legal uncertainty is a natural attribute of law, which finds its expression in the lack of specificity in the form and content of legal regulations. In turn, legal uncertainty is a negative systemic legal phenomenon that projects accumulated contradictions both within one branch of law and the intersectoral disorganization of regulatory prescriptions.

Methodology When preparing the article, the authors used a combination of general scientific and private scientific methods. The dialectical method made it possible to explore a system of interrelated general legal requirements and rules designed to identify existing gaps and contradictions; the comparative legal method made it possible to identify and substantiate existing similarities and differences between them by comparing various legal sources; the formal legal method was used in the analysis of legislative norms.

Results/conclusions An element of the scientific novelty of the research conducted by the authors is the proposed definition of “legal uncertainty”, which complements the legal doctrine, which should be understood as the unstable and contradictory state of the legal system at the level of its branches (sub-sectors).

Key words: legal certainty, legal uncertainty, legal conflicts, legal liability, legal uncertainty.

References:

Derbysheva (2021) – Derbysheva E.A. The principle of legal certainty: oncept, aspects, place in the system of principles of law: dissertation of the cand. jurid. sciences’. – Yekaterinburg [Printsip pravovoy opredelennosti: ponyatiye, aspekty, mesto v sisteme printsipov prava: diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. – Yekaterinburg], 2021. – 238 p.

Nazarenko (2014) – Nazarenko, T.N. Uncertainty in Russian law: abstract of the dissertation of the cand. jurid. sciences’. – Moscow [Neopredelennost’ v rossiyskom prave: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. – Moskva], 2006. – 23 p.

Demin (2014) – Demin, A.V. Uncertainty in tax law and legal means of overcoming it: abstract of the dissertation of Dr. Yurid. sciences’. – Moscow [Neopredelennost’ v nalogovom prave i pravovyye sredstva yeye preodoleniya: avtoref. dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. – Moskva], 2014. – 48 p.

Kotomanova (2025) – Kotomanova S.S. Legal certainty in the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation: dissertation of the cand. jurid. Omsk [Pravovaya opredelennost’ v resheniyakh Konstitutsionnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii: dis. … kand. yurid. – Omsk], 2025. 253 p.

Baranov (2021) – Baranov V.M. Technical and legal form of legal uncertainty: essence, main types, value of functioning // State-legal research [Tekhniko-yuridicheskaya forma pravovoy neopredelennosti: sushchnost’, osnovnyye vidy, tsennost’ funktsionirovaniya // Gosudarstvenno-pravovyye issledovaniya.] 2021. – No. 4. – pp. 15-41.

Slyusareva (2013) – Slyusareva T.G. Administrative discretion in the activities of civil servants: abstract of the dissertation of the candidate. jurid. sciences’. – Moscow [Administrativnoye usmotreniye v deyatel’nosti gosudarstvennykh sluzhashchikh: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. – Moskva], 2013. – 26 p.

Solovey (1982) – Solovey, Yu. P. Discretion in the administrative activities of the Soviet militia: dissertation of the cand. jurid. sciences’. – Moscow [Usmotreniye v administrativnoy deyatel’nosti sovetskoy militsii: diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. – Moskva], 1982. – 229 p.

Solovey (2018) – Solovey, Yu. P. Principles of administrative procedures as legal means of “binding” administrative discretion // Yearbook of Public Law – 2018: Principles of administrative procedures and administrative court proceedings.  Moscow: Infotropik Media [Printsipy administrativnykh protsedur kak pravovyye sredstva «svyazyvaniya» administrativnogo usmotreniya // Yezhegodnik publichnogo prava – 2018: Printsipy administrativnykh protsedur i administrativnogo sudoproizvodstva. – Moskva: Infotropik Media], 2018, pp. 141-161.

Solovey (2025) – Solovey Yu.P. On the reliability and novelty of some results of modern research on the development of scientific ideas about administrative discretion and police law // Siberian Legal Review [O dostovernosti i novizne nekotorykh rezul’tatov sovremennykh issledovaniy razvitiya nauchnykh predstavleniy ob administrativnom usmotrenii i politseyskom prave // Sibirskoye yuridicheskoye obozreniye]. – 2025. – Vol. 22, No. 1. – pp. 87-111.

Stepanenko (2023) – Stepanenko Yu.V., Zhuravlev V.V. Administrative discretion in the implementation of certain measures of state coercion: problems of theory and practice // Public administration in the law enforcement sphere : Collection of scientific articles based on the materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, Moscow, November 09, 2023. Moscow: Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia [Administrativnoye usmotreniye v realizatsii otdel’nykh mer gosudarstvennogo prinuzhdeniya: problemy teorii i praktiki // Gosudarstvennoye upravleniye v pravookhranitel’noy sfere: Sbornik nauchnykh statey po materialam Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, Moskva, 09 noyabrya 2023. – Moskva: Akademiya upravleniya MVD Rossii], 2023, pp. 196-203.

Zhuravlev (2021) – Zhuravlev V.V. Administrative and legal measures to counteract the driving of a vehicle by a driver in a condition that poses a threat to road safety: dissertation … cand. jurid. Sciences [Administrativno-pravovyye mery protivodeystviya upravleniyu transportnym sredstvom voditelem v sostoyanii, sozdayushchem ugrozu bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya: diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. – M.]. – M. – 2021. – 222 p.

Kisin (2013) – Kisin V.R., Parugaev Yu.I. On the conflict (competition) of norms providing for administrative and criminal liability and ways to resolve it // Scientific Portal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia [O kollizii (konkurentsii) norm, predusmatrivayushchikh administrativnuyu i ugolovnuyu otvetstvennost’, i sposoby yeye razresheniya / V. R. Kisin, YU.I. Popugayev // Nauchnyy portal MVD Rossii.]. – 2013. – № 2(22). – Pp. 79-88.

Vlasenko (2013) – Vlasenko N.A. Uncertainty in law: the nature and forms of expression // Journal of Russian Law. [Neopredelennost’ v prave: priroda i formy vyrazheniya / N.A. Vlasenko // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava] – 2013. – № 2(194). – Pp. 32– 44.

Subject/topic The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of the principle of self-regulation in the field of physical culture and sports in combination with state regulation, the impact of the implementation of this principle on the existing decentralization in the regulation of the considered public relations.

The author analyzes the current legislation, which reflects the current decentralization based on self-regulation in the field of sports.

Goal/objectives The aim of the study is to analyze the key problems caused by excessive decentralization of relations in the field of physical culture and sports, as well as to develop proposals for improving legislation in order to effectively operate a centralized model of sports management.

Methodology The following methods were used to prepare the article: observation, comparison, description, analysis, synthesis (general scientific methods); formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative (private scientific methods).

Results/conclusions An analysis of the legislation and current practice in foreign countries shows that today the idea of centralizing sports management is justified. At the same time, it seems that sport today is not only one of the priorities of state policy, but also a large industry, which implies the presence of a certain level of self-regulation in a number of sports, in particular, professional sports.

Keywords: principle of self-regulation, state regulation, centralization, decentralization, physical culture and sport, sport autonomy.

References:

Altukhov (2013) – Altukhov S.V. Event management in sports. Management of sports events: Study-method manual. [Event-menedzhment v sporte. Upravleniye sportivnymi meropriyatiyami: Uch.-metodich. Posobiye] – M.: Sovetsky sport. 2013 – 208p. – P. 16-17.

Yurlov (2018) – Yurlov S. A. Certainty of normative regulation of sports as a reason for establishing clear limits of autonomy of sports organizations and effective protection of athletes’ rights [Opredelonnost’ normativnogo regulirovaniya sporta kak predposylka ustanovleniya chotkikh predelov avtonomii sportivnykh organizatsiy i effektivnoy zashchity prav sportsmenov] // Lex Russica. No. 10 (143), 2018. P. 85-97.

Tikhomirova, Kovalenko (2021) – Tikhomirova A.V., Kovalenko E.I. Self-regulation in the field of physical culture and sports in Russia [Samoregulirovaniye v sfere fizicheskoy kul’tury i sporta Rossii] // Man. Sport. Medicine. [Chelovek, Sport, Meditsina] – 2021. – V. 21, No. S1. – P. 136-140.

Melnik (2021) – Melnik T.E. State regulation and self-regulation in the field of physical culture and sports [Gosudarstvennoye regulirovaniye i samoregulirovaniye v sfere fizicheskoy kul’tury i sporta] // Journal of Russian Law. [Jurnal rossiyskogo prava] 2012. No. 3 (183).

Simashenkov, Bukov (2019) – Simashenkov P.D. Bukov A.V. Comparative analysis of the management system in the sphere of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation and abroad [Sravnitel’nyy analiz sistemy upravleniya sferoy fizicheskoy kul’tury i sporta v Rossiyskoy Federatsii i za rubezhom]. – Samara. – 2019. – 6 p.

Zubenko (2023) – Zubenko S.I. Administrative and legal regulation of interaction between federal executive bodies and civil society institutions in the field of education and youth policy. [Administrativno-pravovoye regulirovaniye vzaimodeystviya federal’nykh organov ispolnitel’noy vlasti s institutami grazhdanskogo obshchestva v sfere obrazovaniya i molodezhnoy politiki] / Modern lawyer. [Sovremennyy yurist] – M., 2023 No. 4 (45). P. 1-11.

Ponkina (2013) – Ponkina A.I. Autonomy of sport: Theoretical and legal research / Commission on sports law of the Association of lawyers of Russia [Avtonomnost’ sporta: Teoretiko-pravovoye issledovaniye / Komissiya po sportivnomu pravu Assotsiatsii yuristov Rossii]; National association of sports lawyers of the Russian Federation. [Natsional’naya assotsiatsiya sportivnykh yuristov Rossiyskoy Federatsii] – M., 2013. – 102 p.

The subject/topic The author examines the issues of administrative offenses in the contract field in the Russian Federation, analyzes individual scientific legal positions on the institute of administrative responsibility in the field of procurement for public needs, examines the composition of administrative offenses in this area, and suggests classifications of these offenses.

Goals/objectives The main purpose of the study is to study the essence of administrative offenses for procurement in the contract field. To fulfill the purpose of this study, the author has set the following tasks: to consider the authors’ opinions on approaches to understanding procurement, to develop an author’s definition of procurement in the contract system, to investigate the composition of these administrative offenses, to analyze the authors’ opinions on possible approaches to classifying these offenses, to propose an author’s classification of these offenses, to identify the problems of characterizing administrative offenses and suggest possible ways to solutions.

Methodology Analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, argumentation, generalization.

Conclusions The author proposes a classification of administrative offences in the field of procurement. The author proposed a definition of procurement of goods, works and services to meet state and municipal needs. The author concludes that it is necessary to reconsider the approach to systematization of these offenses in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: administrative responsibility, administrative offenses, procurement, administrative responsibility for procurement.

References:

Agapov (2020) – Agapov A.B. Administrative responsibility. Textbook for universities. [Administrativnaya otvetstvennost’. Uchebnik dlya vuzov] — 9th ed. reprint. Moscow: Yurait [YUrajt], 2020, p. 184.

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Subject/Topic The subject of the study was relations related to divorce in accordance with Russian family law, including issues related to the divorce procedure.

Objectives/Task The goal is to identify the features of the institution of divorce under Russian law and to propose solutions to some problems associated with its judicial dissolution.

Methodology The research methods were both philosophical (epistemology, logic, functional analysis, structural analysis) and specifically legal, including historical-legal, comparative-legal, and interpretation of legal norms.

Conclusion Assessing the first quarter of the 21st century from the point of view of the development of the family institution in Russia, almost all sociologists define it as a crisis: if in all previous centuries, and even in Soviet times, the family was considered as a “unit of society”, its economic (as a “household”), social basis, then from the beginning of the 21st century and especially (as sociological studies show) among the “zoomers” generation, the process of individualization of personal life, “partner marriages” and refusal to accept any responsibility within the framework of the family form has become especially noticeable. The state is making what appear to be very weak attempts to combat the breakdown of the family, increasing, on the one hand, state fees for claims and for registering divorces, on the other hand, trying to financially encourage long-term marriages; however, it is difficult to see a unified, targeted and consistent state policy in these attempts.

Key words: marriage, family, termination of marriage, dissolution of marriage, spouses, children, procedure for dissolution of marriage, administrative procedure for dissolution of marriage, judicial procedure for dissolution of marriage.

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Subject of Research The article provides a comprehensive analysis of digital piracy as one of the most prevalent forms of intellectual property crimes in the digital age. It focuses on the technological aspects of this phenomenon, including the use of anonymous networks, decentralized platforms, and cryptographic tools, as well as its transnational nature, which complicates legal regulation and law enforcement efforts.

Purpose and Objectives The main objective of the study is to identify the legal and criminalistics peculiarities of digital piracy in the modern digital environment. The research addresses the following tasks: systematization of current forms of digital piracy (torrent distribution, illegal streaming, DRM circumvention, etc.); analysis of crime methods and concealment techniques; evaluation of existing countermeasures; and development of practical recommendations for improving legislation and law enforcement practices.

Methodology The study employs an interdisciplinary approach combining methods of comparative legal analysis, criminalistics diagnostics, and structural-functional examination. Secondary analysis of empirical data, including statistics from Roskomnadzor and international research on intellectual property protection, is also utilized.

Results/Conclusions The research reveals key trends in digital piracy, such as the increasing use of messengers for content distribution, the growth of pirate IPTV services, and criminals’ adaptation to blocking measures. The study proposes enhancements to criminal law (Article 146 of the Criminal Code), the implementation of blockchain and AI-based solutions, and strengthened international cooperation in this field. The findings have significant practical value for investigative agencies, legislators, and educational institutions. They contribute to improving cybercrime investigation techniques, developing effective preventive measures, and shaping comprehensive policies to combat digital piracy at national and international levels. Special emphasis is placed on balancing the protection of rights holders’ interests with ensuring public access to knowledge.

Keywords: digital piracy, intellectual property, criminalistics, cybercrime, copyright, concealment methods, torrent, DRM, criminal liability, transnational crime.

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