Subject/Topic The article is devoted to the study of administrative procedures for concluding lease agreements for state and municipal property by executive authorities. The author analyzes the grounds for judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which challenged violations of administrative procedures for concluding and executing real estate lease agreements by executive authorities.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the article is to analyze the key problems arising during the conclusion and execution of lease agreements for state and municipal property, as well as to develop proposals for improving legislation and law enforcement practice.

Methodology In preparing the article, general scientific (observation, comparison, description, analysis, synthesis, etc.) and specific scientific (formal-legal, comparative-legal, statistical, etc.) methods of scientific knowledge were used. The formal-legal method was used in the analysis of legislative norms. The statistical method was used to form a clearer theoretical understanding of the situation that has developed in the country in the field of the implementation of powers by executive authorities to conclude and execute lease agreements for state and municipal property.

Results/conclusions An analysis of judicial practice shows that disputes over lease agreements for state and municipal property are often associated with a violation of the principles of good faith and reasonableness. When resolving such cases, the courts pay special attention to assessing the actual circumstances of the case, seeking to protect the legitimate interests of the parties. In most cases, decisions are made in favor of tenants if there is evidence of abuse of rights by executive authorities. At the same time, when establishing improper use of property or evasion of rent, the courts support the executive authorities and take measures to protect the interests of the state and municipalities. Further improvement of legislation and law enforcement practice should be aimed at increasing the transparency of procedures for concluding and executing agreements, ensuring effective control over the use of property and fair dispute resolution.

Keywords: state and municipal property, public services, administrative procedures, lease agreement, competitive procedures, antitrust legislation.

References:

Bakhrakh (2000) – Bakhrakh D.N. Administrative law of Russia [Administrativnoe pravo Rossii]. Moscow: Norma, 2000.

Karlin (2005) – Karlin A. B. Principles of the registration system of rights to real estate in the context of economic integration // Bulletin of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation [Principy` registracionnoj sistemy` prav na nedvizhimost` v usloviyax e`konomicheskoj integracii // Vestnik Ministerstva yusticii RF]. 2005. No. 1.

Poroshkov (1998) – Poroshkov V.A. Rights to other people’s immovable property under Russian civil law: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law) [Prava na chuzhie nedvizhimy`e veshhi po rossijskomu grazhdanskomu pravu: Avtoref. dis.: kand. yurid. Nauk]. Volgograd, 1998.

Subanova (2012) – Subanova N.V. Permitting powers of executive authorities in the Russian Federation [Razreshitel`ny`e polnomochiya organov ispolnitel`noj vlasti v Rossijskoj Federacii]. Moscow: Jurisprudence, 2012;

Trofimova (2020) – Trofimova I.A. Some aspects of administrative and legal regulation of registration activities // Public service and personnel [Nekotory`e aspekty` administrativno-pravovogo regulirovaniya registracionnoj deyatel`nosti // Gosudarstvennaya sluzhba i kadry`]. 2020. No. 2.

Subject/topic The article is devoted to the problem of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of citizens in the Russian Federation in the context of countering terrorism, considering the balance between ensuring national security and respect for human rights.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is to analyze the constitutional and legislative provisions governing the restriction of citizens’ rights and freedoms in order to combat terrorism. The objectives of the article are to determine the limits of permissible restrictions on rights, assess the effectiveness of existing mechanisms for protecting the rights of citizens affected by anti-terrorist measures, and develop recommendations for improving legislation in this area.

Methodology The work uses methods of comparative legal analysis, system analysis, interpretation of legal norms, as well as analysis of judicial practice, including decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights. The research is based on the constitutional provisions of the Russian Federation, federal legislation regulating counter-terrorism issues, and scientific works on constitutional law and national security theory.

Results/conclusions The article substantiates the need for an integrated approach to the development of anti-terrorism legislation based on the principles of legality, proportionality and guarantee of judicial protection of citizens’ rights. The importance of legislative consolidation of clear guarantees for the protection of citizens’ rights and effective compensation mechanisms in case of abuse of authority by law enforcement agencies during counter-terrorism operations is emphasized. It is concluded that proportionality is a key principle of regulating legal relations in this area.

Keywords: human rights, national security, Constitution of the Russian Federation, terrorism, counter-terrorism operation, judicial protection, restriction of rights

References:

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Zhamborov, Semiglazov (2023) – Zhamborov A.A., Semiglazov A.G. Priority areas of countering extremism and terrorism at the current stage of society development [Prioritetnye napravleniya protivodejstviya ekstremizmu i terrorizmu na sovremennom etape razvitiya obshchestva] // Gaps in Russian legislation. [Probely v rossijskom zakonodatel’stve]. 2023. No. 5. pp. 97-103.

Misrokov (2023) – Misrokov T.Z. The activities of the Russian Federation in countering extremism and terrorism in the Eurasian space at the present stage [Deyatel’nost’ Rossijskoj Federacii po protivodejstviyu ekstremizmu i terrorizmu v evrazijskom prostranstve na sovremennom etape] // Gaps in Russian legislation. [Probely v rossijskom zakonodatel’stve.] 2023. No. 5. pp. 111-118.

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SubjectThearticle is devoted to the analysis of the legalconsequences of the use of artificialintelligencein the creation of copyrightobjectsin the context of EuropeanandAnglo-Americanlegaltraditions, with an emphasison the problems of legalprotection, legal personalityand the consolidation of exclusiverights.

Objective To investigatelegalmodels for the protection of the results of intellectualactivitycreated by artificialintelligence,with an emphasison the issue of legal personalityand the permissibility of securingexclusiverights to thehumancreator of AI.

MethodologyDescriptiveanddogmaticanalysis of Russianandforeignlegislation,comparativelegalanalysis of legaltheories,includingmachine-centric,anthropocentricandzero-authorshiptheory;involvement of casestudies(for example, the DABUS caseandthePortrait of EdmonddeBellamy).

Results:Themaintheoreticalapproachesto the authorshipand protection of the resultscreated by AI are highlighted. The necessity of taking into account the interests of the creator of AIandrecognizinghisexclusiverightsinorder to stimulateinnovation is argued.

Conclusions the author of this article believes that, based on political and legal considerations, the assignment of exclusive rights to the creator of artificial intelligence is reasonable and consistent. Nevertheless, this idea needs to be further clarified, since its resolution depends on the choice of the legislator and the law enforcement officer’s approach to regulating the legal regime of works with a low level of creativity.

Keywords: intellectual property, intellectual property management, protection of the results of intellectual activity, artificial intelligence, judicial proceedings

References:

Shershenevich (2017) — ShershenevichG.F.Favorites.Copyrightinliteraryworks. [Izbrannoe. Avtorskoe pravo na literaturnye proizvedeniya]. Vol. 3.Moscow:Statute [Statut],2017.pp.68-73.

Pavlova, Alekseeva, Barminskaya (2018) — Pavlova E. A., Alekseeva O. L., Barminskaya D. S. Commentary to part four of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (article-by-article). [Kommentarii k chasty chetvertoi grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiiskoi Federatsii (postateinyi)] / Ed. by E.A. Pavlova. Moscow: Research Center of Private Law named after S.S. Alekseeva under the President of the Russian Federation [Issledovatel’skij tsentr chastnogo prava imeni S.S. Alekseeva pri Prezidente RF]. 2018. 927 p.

Shilokhvost (2008) — ShilokhvostO.Y.System.Tasks of codification//Collection of articles/ResearchCenter of PrivateLaw. [Sistema. Zadachi kodifikatsii // Sbornik statey / Issledovatel’skiy tsentr chastnogo prava] Moscow:Statute [Statut],2008.pp.36-44.

Sukhanov (2017) — Sukhanov E. A. Property law: a scientific and cognitive essay [Veshchnoe pravo: nauchno-poznavatel’nyi ocherk]. Moscow: Statute [Statut], 2017. 560 p.

Sukhanov (2019) — SukhanovE.A.(editor-in-chief).Civillaw:textbook:in4volumes [Grazhdanskoe pravo: uchebnik: v 4 t.]. Moscow:Statute [Statut],2019. Pp.261‒263.

Kashanin (2010) — KashaninA. V. The development of the doctrineof the formandcontent of the workin the doctrine of copyright. The problem of the security of the content of scientificworks [Razvitie ucheniya o forme i soderzhanii proizvedeniya v doktrine avtorskogo prava. Problema okhranosposobnosti soderzhaniya nauchnykh proizvedeniy]//Bulletin of CivilLaw [Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava].2010.No.2.Pp.68‒138.

Antimonov,Fleishits (1957) — AntimonovB.S.,FleishitsE.A. The course of Sovietcivillaw.Copyright [Kurs sovetskogo grazhdanskogo prava. Avtorskoe pravo].Moscow: Gosurizdat [Gosurizdat]1957. P. 98.

Kashanin (2010) — KashaninA. V.Creativecharacteras a condition for the protection of worksinRussianandforeigncopyright [Tvorcheskij kharakter kak uslovie okhranosposobnosti proizvedenij v rossijskom i inostrannom avtorskom prave]//Bulletin of CivilLaw [Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava].2010. № 2.

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Arkhipov, Naumov (2017) — ArkhipovV.V., Naumov V. B.Artificialintelligenceandautonomousdevicesin the context of law:on the development of Russia’s firstlawonrobotics [Iskusstvenny intellekt i avtonomny ustroystva v kontekste prava: o razrabotke pervogo v Rossii zakona o robototehnike] //Proceedings of SPIIRAN [Trudy SPIIRAN].2017.Issue6(55).Pp.53‒56.

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Morkhat (2018) — MorkhatP.M.Intellectualproperty law andartificialintelligence: a monograph [Pravo intellektual’noy sobstvennosti i iskusstvennyy intellekt: monografiya].Moscow:Unity-Dana [Yuniti-Dana],2018.Pp. 21.

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Naumov (2019) — Models of legalregulationcreation,useanddistribution of robotsandsystemswithartificialintelligence: a monograph [Modeli pravovogo regulirovaniya sozdaniya, ispol’zovaniya i rasprostraneniya robotov i sistem s iskusstvennym intellektom: monografiya]/under the general editorship of Candidate of Law V.B.Naumov— St. Petersburg:NP-Print [NP-Print],2019.P.65.

Ulbashev (2020) — Ulbashev A Kh. Co-authors as subjects of copyright [Soavtory kak subyekty avtorskogo prava] // Civil Law [Grazhdanskoe pravo]. 2020. No. 4. Pp. 11‒14.

Dozhdev (2014) — Dozhdev D. V. Roman private law [Rimskoe chastnoe pravo]. Ed. Norma: Infra-M [Norma: Infra-M]. 2014. P. 133.

Pavlodskiy (1978) — Pavlodskiy E. A. Case and irresistible force in civil law [Sluchay i nepreodolimaya sila v grazhdanskom prave]. Moscow: Yuridicheskaya literature [Yuridicheskaya literature]. 1978. Pp. 22‒24.

Richard A. Posner (1977) — Richard A. Posner, Economic Analysis of Law. 2ND Edition. Little Brown and Company, 1977.

Subject/Topic comparative legal analysis of monistic and dualistic copyright models in European and Anglo-Saxon legal systems and their impacton the Russian legal system.

Objective to analyze the key theoretical models (monistic and dualistic) in copyright and determine which of them dominates the Russian copyright regulation system.

Methodology Comparative legal and historical legal analysis of national and foreign legal systems, doctrinal review, analysis of regulatory sources (Russia, Germany, France, Switzerland, Great Britain, USA).

Results It is established that in the Russian copyright system there is a synthesis of monistic and dualistic models. The author shows how each model affects the regulation of the moral and property rights of the author.

Conclusions The Russian copyright model is a hybrid of monistic and dualistic approaches. There is a tendency to recognize and involve personal non-property rights in civil circulation. Optimization is possible through the dejure differentiation of moral rights from the general rights of the individual.

Keywords: intellectual property, intellectual property management, protection of the results of intellectual activity, artificial intelligence, judicial proceedings

References:

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Dozortsev (2000) — Dozortsev, V. A. The Concept of Exclusive Rights. In: Problems of Modern Civil Law [Ponyatie iskluchitel’nogo prava / sbornik Problem sovremennogo grazhdanskogo prava]. Moscow: Gorodets Publ. [Gorodets], 2000. Pp. 314–317.

Serebrovsky (1956) — Serebrovsky, V. I. Issues of Soviet Author’s Rights [Voprosy sovetskogo avtorskogo prava]. Moscow: Academy of Sciences USSR Press [Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR], 1956. 238 p.

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Lipzik (2002) — Lipzik, D. Copyright and Related Rights [Avtorskoe pravo i smezhnye prava]. Moscow: Ladomir Publ. [Ladomir], 2002. Pp. 132–135.

Sterling (2003) — Sterling, J. A. L. World Copyright Law. London, 2003. Pp. 16, 42.

Isupova (2008) — Isupova, I. V. Personal Non-Pecuniary (Moral) Rights of Authors in Germany: Historical and Legal Aspects [Lichnye nematerial’nye (moral’nye) prava avtora v Germanii: istoriko-pravovoj aspekt]. Ph.D. Dissertation, Vladimir, 2008. P. 92.

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15. Knoebl (2002) — Knöbl, H. P. “The Small Coin” in the System of Intellectual Property and Competition Law. Hamburg, 2002. Pp. 212–218.
16. Karnyer (2014) — Karner, E. Human Rights and Protection of Individual Rights in Civil Law. Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava]. No. 4, 2014, pp. 259–260.
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Subject/Topic This article considers the peculiarities of legal regulation of inheritance of debt obligations under credit agreements. The article analyzes the rights and obligations of the heirs who have accepted the inheritance with respect to the credit debt of the testator. Special attention is paid to the situation when the testator had no deposits and accounts in the bank, but had a credit agreement.

Aims/Objectives The main purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of legal aspects of inheritance of debts on credit obligations. The objectives of the research are to determine the scope of liability of heirs, to study the judicial practice on this issue, to identify and highlight a number of problems related to the topic of the research and to develop practical recommendations for heirs and creditors.

Methodology Within the framework of the research the general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, as well as special legal methods were used: formal-legal, comparative-legal and method of interpretation of legal norms.

Conclusion Employees of banking organizations incorrectly interpret the concept of “banking secrecy”, which leads to unreasonable restriction of access of heirs to information concerning credit obligations of the testator. As a result, legal rights and interests of heirs are violated, which creates obstacles for realization of their inheritance rights and protection of their interests in inheritance legal relations.

Keywords: inheritance law, inheritance, heirs, certificate of inheritance right, inheritance of credit debt, inheritance of credit debts, inheritance of loan debts, credit card agreement, banks, banking organizations

References:

1. Kornilova (2023) – Kornilova N.V. On the principles of inheritance law [O principah nasledstvennogo prava] // Bulletin of the Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law [Vestnik Xabarovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava]. – 2023. – № 2(112). – S. 111-118.
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3. Gavrilov (2017) – Gavrilov, V. N. Liability of heirs for the debts of the testator [Otvetstvennost naslednikov po dolgam nasledodatelya] / V. N. Gavrilov // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy [Vestnik Saratovskoj gosudarstvennoj yuridicheskoj akademii]. – 2017. – № 4(117). – S. 84-88. – EDN ZGFKGR.
4. Tokareva (2021) – Tokareva K.G. Certificate of inheritance rights [Svidetelstvo o prave na nasledstvo] / K. G. Tokareva // Scientific research: fundamental and applied aspects [Nauchnye issledovaniya: fundamentalnye i prikladnye aspekty] – 2021: Sbornik nauchnyx trudov, Naberezhnye Chelny, 01 yanvarya – 31. 2021. Tom Vypusk 1. – Kazan: Izdatelstvo “Poznanie”, 2021.
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Subject/topic. The subject of the study is the institutional mechanisms of contract-based arbitration as a tool for resolving investment disputes.

Goals/objectives. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the main arbitration institutions and assessment of their effectiveness in modern geopolitical conditions. The author addresses the tasks of identifying the features of various arbitration forums (ICSID, ICC, ad hoc arbitration), analyzing the problems of enforcement of arbitral awards against states, determining the relationship between contractual and treaty arbitration, and forecasting the prospects for the development of contractual arbitration.

Methodology. The research methodology is based on the analysis of arbitration practice, regulatory sources, and doctrinal approaches.

Conclusion. The conducted research shows that the choice of an arbitration institution is of fundamental importance for the protection of investor rights. ICSID provides a specialized forum with a unique enforcement mechanism, the ICC offers procedural flexibility, and ad hoc arbitration provides maximum party autonomy. The relationship between contractual and contractual arbitration is characterized by a complex interaction that creates both challenges and opportunities for investors. In the context of the crisis of legitimacy of international investment treaties, contractual arbitration is gaining new importance as a more flexible mechanism for resolving investment disputes.

Keywords: contractual arbitration, investment disputes, ICSID, ICC Court of Arbitration, ad hoc arbitration, enforcement of arbitral awards, investment protection

References

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Krupko (2002) – Krupko S.I. Investment disputes between the state and foreign investor. [Krupko S.I. Investitsionnyye spory mezhdu gosudarstvom i inostrannym investorom.]. Moscow: BEK, 2002. — 272 p.

Cameron (2010) – Cameron P. International Energy Investment Law: The Pursuit of Stability. — Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Topic The article was prepared on the basis of an analysis of legal problems of inheritance of game accounts in online games and is prepared based on the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and foreign countries in the field of digital and inheritance law, as well as scientific literature. This article contains a characteristic of approaches to the inheritance of game accounts, the legal nature of the account, and also reflects the role of the User Agreement and the main differences in approaches to the inheritance of digital profiles.

Objectives Analyze the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, compare legal regulation and approaches to the inheritance of game accounts in online games in different countries and identify legal problems in this area.

Methodology In preparing the article, comparative legal, formal legal methods, as well as theoretical analysis were used. The main differences in the regulation of this area in the countries under consideration are highlighted, approaches to the content of User Agreements of various online games, the rights of account holders (gamers), their heirs and development companies etc.

Results/conclusions Inheritance relationships related to inheritance of gaming property continues to be one of the unregulated areas in many countries due to the development of technology. Given the material value of such property, improvement of legislation is a necessary measure. In connection with the fact that at present these legal relations are regulated to a greater extent by User Agreements, it seems important to develop requirements to them, including the balance of interests of developers and users. In addition, it seems advisable to establish in the legislation of the Russian Federation and other countries the concept of digital, virtual property, which includes game property and the digital inheritance, which includes a game account as an object of civil rights, having established in the legislation its definitions and criteria, legal status.

Keywords: game account, account inheritance, inheritance, digital heir, online games.

References:

Anisimova (2022) – Anisimova Yu. On the issue of digital rights in hereditary legal relations using the example of account inheritance [K voprosu o cifrovyh pravah v nasledstvennyh pravootnosheniyah na primere nasledovaniya akkaunta] // Young scientist [Molodoj uchenyj]. — 2022. — № 38 (433). — p. 82-85.

Ahmadullina (2022) – Ahmadullina A.F. Civil and Legal Significance of Social Media Accounts [Grazhdansko-pravovoe znachenie akkauntov v social’nyh setyah] // Lex Russia [Lex Russia]. – 2022. – № 12. – p. 130–144.

Grin’ (2022) – Grin’ E.S. Inheriting Social Media Account: Russian and Foreign Experience [Nasledovanie akkauntov v social’nyh setyah: rossijskih i zarubezhnyj opyt] // Current problems of Russian law [Aktual’nye problemy rossijskogo prava]. – 2022. – № 2. – p. 128–134.

Kirsanova (2020) – Kirsanova E.E. Account as an object of civil rights [Akkaunt kak ob”ekt grazhdanskih prav] // Bulletin of Arbitration practice [Vestnik arbitrazhnoj praktiki]. – 2020. – № 2. – p. 44–48.

Kiselev (2021) – Kiselev G.V. Legal Problems of Inheritance of Game Accounts in Massively Multiplayer Online Games [Pravovye problemy nasledovaniya igrovyh akkauntov v mnogopol’zovatel’skih onlajn-igrah] // Law and business [Pravo i biznes]. – 2021. – № 3. – p. 44–47.

Novikov (2019) – Novikov I.V. Virtual property: prospects for regulation [Virtualnaya sobstvennost: perspektivy regulirovaniya] // Issues of Russian justice [Voprosy rossijskoj yusticii]. – 2019. – p. 789–804.

Sannikova (2020) – Sannikova L.V., Haritonova Yu.S. Digital assets: legal analysis: monograph [Cifrovye aktivy: pravovoj analiz: monografiya] // 4 Print Publishing House [Izdatel’stvo «4 Print»]. –2020. – p. 304.

Shihamirov (2021) – Shihamirov I.S. Internet-account as an object of civil law: practice and perspective of use of the notions “account” [Internet-akkaunt kak ob”ekt grazhdanskih prav: praktika obrashcheniya i perspektivy ispol’zovaniya kategorii «akkaunt», «uchyotnaya zapis’] // Digital science [Cifrovaya nauka]. – 2021. – p. 72–89.

The subject/topic. This article discusses the legal and practical issues of general average resolution for Russian shipowners under international sanctions. The analysis of the problems of choosing jurisdiction and the place of settlement of general average situations, taking into account the sanctions restrictions, is carried out, as well as recommendations on the place of settlement of general average.

Goals/objectives. The purpose of the article is to find optimal approaches to choosing a general average settlement site for Russian shipowners in the context of the changed sanctions policy. It is necessary to analyze the impact of sanctions restrictions on contracts for the maritime transportation of goods of Russian shipowners in the context directly related to the mechanism of general average. To develop recommendations for choosing a place to consider general average situations, taking into account the sanctions restrictions and the current attitude of foreign counterparties.

Methodology. The study uses methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, a comparative analysis of jurisdictions to resolve common emergencies, as well as an analytical method to find optimal solutions.  Data from open sources, official documents, and legal acts were used.

Conclusions. The article examines the current problems faced by Russian shipowners in the context of modern international sanctions, including the difficulties of resolving a general average in various jurisdictions. The author offers an analysis of the limitations associated with the use of traditional international approaches, and discusses possible ways to adapt to new realities. The article examines in detail the sanctions barriers, their impact on the choice of jurisdiction for dispute resolution and the increasing role of other countries in this process. Recommendations are given on improving the risk management strategy, developing internal arbitration capacity, and using alternative platforms to resolve general average. This approach is aimed at creating a more stable and flexible system of interaction in the face of global constraints.

Keywords: Russian shipowners, general accident, international sanctions, jurisdictions, maritime law, dispute settlement, arbitration, sanctions restrictions.

References:

Tkachenko, Pronina (2016) – Tkachenko T.V., Pronina A.A. Features of the distribution of losses between the parties in case of an accident in maritime transport [Osobennosti raspredeleniya ubytkov mezhdu storonami pri avarii na morskom transporte]. The journal “Science and Education: economy and economics; entrepreneurship; law and Management”. 2016. No. 12 (79). pp. 90-92.

Anisimov, Byurno (2020) – Anisimov I.O., Byurno K.S. Legal foundations of the Institute of General Safety in Maritime Law [Pravovye osnovy instituta obshchejavarii v morskom prave]. Electronic online publication “International Legal Courier”. 2020. No. 9. pp. 13-21.

Akhsalba, Zhadan (2022) – Akhsalba M.P., Zhadan T.M. The impact of the pandemic on maritime cargo transportation and their legal regulation [Vliyanie pandemii na morskie gruzoperevozki i ih pravovuyu reglamentaciyu]. In the collection: Scientific Research in the modern world. Theory and practice. The article is in the collection of selected articles of the All-Russian (national) scientific and practical conference. Saint Petersburg, 2022. pp. 57-59.

Ushkalova (2022) – Ushkalova D.I. Anti-Russian sanctions and Russian exports in 2022: risks and prospects [Antirossijskie sankcii i eksport Rossii v 2022 g.: riski i perspektivy]. Journal Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2022. No. 6. pp. 34-51.

Dykhanov (2024) – Dykhanov I.V. Restrictive measures of the European Union in the field of maritime law: problems of legal settlement [Ogranichestel’nye mery Evropejskogo Syuyuza v sfere morskogo prava: problemy pravovogo uregulirovaniya]. Bulletin of the O.E. Kutafin University (MGUA). 2024. No. S9 (121). pp. 52-58.

Shapovalova (2025) – Shapovalova M.A. Risk assessment of shipping companies [Ocenka riskov sudohodnyh kompanij]. Transport Business of Russia Magazine. 2025. No. 1. pp. 178-181.

Ushkalova (2024) – Ushkalova D.I. Foreign trade of Russia: challenges and lessons of 3 years of sanctions pressure [Vneshnyaya torgovlya Rossii: vyzovy i uroki 3 let sankcionnogo davleniya]. Journal of Society and Economics. 2024. No. 12. pp. 65-79.

Golubchik, Pak (2024) – Golubchik A.M., Pak E.V., Current issues of logistics of container shipping to Russia:some lessons for participants of foreign economic activity [Aktual’nye voprosy logistiki morskih perevozok kontejnerov v Rossiyu:nekotorye uroki dlya uchastnikov VED]. The journal Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin. 2024. No. 6. pp. 83-90.

Melnik (2023) – Melnik M.G., Legal regulation of hydrocarbon transportation by sea in the context of “Western” sanctions [Pravovoe regulirovanie perevozki uglevodoroda morem v usloviyah “zapadnyh” sankcij]. Journal of Ocean Management. 2023. No. 2 (20). pp. 30-37.

Barabash, Zayats (2024) – Barabash M.V., Zayats S.A., Problems and directions of development of maritime cargo transportation in the context of anti-Russian sanctions [Problemy i napravleniya razvitiya morskih perevozok gruzov v usloviyah antirossijskih sankcij].  The journal Bulletin of the Admiral F.F. Ushakov State Maritime University. 2024. No. 2.1 (3). pp. 75-77.

Topic Legal risks in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) extend beyond mere procedural violations-they permeate the entire transaction structure at every stage, from pre-contractual due diligence to post-integration management.

Relevance The relevance of this topic stems from the increasing volume of international corporate transactions amid a more complex regulatory environment, heightened antitrust scrutiny, sanctions pressure, and growing legal fragmentation on a global scale. Despite the expanding toolkit of legal instruments, scholarly literature still reflects divergent views on the permissible allocation of risks between parties, the interplay between private contractual mechanisms and public regulatory constraints, and the methodologies for assessing jurisdictional predictability.

Aim This study aims to systematize contemporary approaches to mitigating legal risk factors in cross-border M&A deals, taking into account the multi-jurisdictional nature of legal relations and institutional heterogeneity across regulatory regimes. The author integrates contractual engineering, legal auditing, and compliance practices as complementary tools for safeguarding transaction participants.

Conclusions The analysis reveals the limitations of universal regulatory models, justifying the need for flexible contractual structuring and tailored risk-mitigation strategies based on specific risk profiles. The article will be valuable for legal practitioners, M&A advisors, compliance officers, and researchers specializing in transnational corporate law and transactional regulation.

Keywords: arbitration clause, contractual structure, compliance, corporate control, cross-border transactions, legal fragmentation, legal risks, mergers and acquisitions, M&A

References:

Alexandrova, Korshikova (2023) – Alexandrova E.N., & Korshikova V.V. (2023). Legal bases of regulation of mergers and acquisitions based on the experience of international companies [Pravovye osnovy regulirovaniya sliyanij i pogloshchenij na opyte mezhdunarodnyh kompanij] Ekonomika i biznes: teoriya i praktika [Economics and Business: theory and practice], (11-1), 24–27.

Gimaldinov, B.A. (2024). Legal and economic foundations of mergers and acquisitions. [Pravovye i ekonomicheskie osnovy sliyanij i pogloshchenij] Actual issues of modern economics [Aktual’nye voprosy sovremennoi ekonomiki], (1), 229–233.

Gracheva, Utemova (2023) – Gracheva, M. V., & Utemova, N. O. [Empirical analysis of the degree of risk influence on the success of large mergers and acquisitions projects in modern companies]. Economics and mathematical methods [Ekonomika i matematicheskie metody], 59(1), 79–92.

Ermolovskaya, O.Y. (2021) – Ermolovskaya O.Y. Minimization of risks in mergers and acquisitions [Minimizaciya riskov pri sdelkah sliyaniya i pogloshcheniya] Self-management, [Samoupravlenie] (5), 202–205.

Kuzmina (2020) – Kuzmina I.K. Legal regulation and problems of application of mergers and acquisitions of companies [Pravovye regulirovanie i problemy primeneniya sliyaniya i pogloshcheniya kompanij] Law and Economics [Pravo i ekonomika], (5), 66–72.

Ozhogova (2024) – Ozhogova I.A. The essence of mergers and acquisitions. [Sushchnost’ sdelok po sliyaniyam i pogloshcheniyam] Modern economics: current issues of theory and practice: Collection of articles of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference [Sovremennaya ekonomika: aktual’nye voprosy teorii i praktiki: Sbornik statei VII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii] (pp. 11–13). Penza.

Sinyavskaya (2021) – Sinyavskaya N. V. Mergers and acquisitions as legal and economic categories. [Sliyaniya i pogloshcheniya kak pravovaya i ekonomicheskaya kategorii] Problems of management (Minsk) [Problemy upravleniya (Minsk)], (4), 78–82.

Chernov (2024) – Chernov A.V. Characteristic risks for mergers and acquisitions. [Harakternye riski dlya sliyaniya i pogloshcheniya] Pedagogy, psychology and economics: modern challenges and development trends: Materials of the First International Scientific and Practical Conference. [Pedagogika, psikhologiya i ekonomika: vyzovy sovremennosti i tendentsii razvitiya: Materialy Pervoi Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii] (pp. 325–328). Moscow.

Mbah (2024) – Mbah G.O. Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: navigating US and international regulatory frameworks for tech companies. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(12), 3976–4000.

Ramesh (2022) – Ramesh S. International Business Law: Navigating Cross-Border Transactions and Legal Challenges in Global Commerce. Journal of Legal Subjects, (23), 12–16.

The subject/topic The scientific article describes the various legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the context of comprehensive consideration of land disputes and protection of the rights of economic entities, as well as Russian legislation and the works of legal scholars on the subject under consideration.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of development of legislation and law enforcement practice in the consideration of land and related disputes.

Methodology Among the methods used in the course of scientific research are dialectical, systemic, regulatory, comparative, structural and functional, as well as analysis and synthesis.

Conclusion The scientific article analyzes some important legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in 2024, which are essential in the consideration of land and related disputes. The author considers legal disputes about the use by a tenant of a forest plot of widespread minerals available within the boundaries of a forest plot for his own needs; about the procedure for granting a land plot in permanent perpetual use to an individual.; on the procedure for completing the construction of capital construction facilities in the event of changes to the Rules of Land use and Development; on determining the date of commencement of privatization of agricultural land. The article draws attention to the inconsistency of the emerging judicial practice on these issues and substantiates common approaches to balance the application of Russian legislation on land, taking into account the systemic vision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the improvement of legislation at the present stage.

Keywords: land disputes, legal positions, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, subjects of economic activity, legislation, judicial practice.

References:

Brinchuk (2008) – Brinchuk M.M. Ecosystem approach in law [Ekosistemnyy podkhod v prave] // Environmental law. [Ekologicheskoye parvo] – 2008. – N 1. – pp. 6-14.

Landakov (2011) – Landakov V.N. On some problems of prescription ownership [O nekotorykh problemakh davnostnogo vladeniya] // Civilist. [Tsivilist] – 2011. – N 3. – pp. 39-45.

Luneva (2023) – Luneva E.V. Ecosystem approach in law [Ekosistemnyy podkhod v prave] // Environmental law. [Ekologicheskoye parvo] – 2023. – N 5. – pp. 9-15.

Medvedev (2022) – Medvedev V.N. Issues of establishing special land protection zones as a mechanism for suppressing illegal economic activity: on the example of the city of Sevastopol [Voprosy ustanovleniya spetsial’nykh zon okhrany zemel’ kak mekhanizm presecheniya nezakonnoy khozyaystvennoy deyatel’nosti: na primere goroda Sevastopol].// Regional and municipal government: issues of politics, economics and law. [Regional’noye i munitsipal’noye upravleniye: voprosy politiki, ekonomiki i prava]- 2022. – T. 9. – № 1 (27). – Pp. 17-22.

Myshko, Papaskiri, Eriashvili, Petyukova (2024) – Myshko F.G., Papaskiri T.V., Eriashvili N.D., Petyukova O.N. et al. Land Law: a textbook for independent work of law students studying distance education / (10th edition, revised and expanded). Moscow: UNITY-DANA Publishing House, 2024.

Petyukova, Grebneva (2019) – Petyukova O.N., Grebneva E.A. On the development of entrepreneurship in forestry, taking into account legislation on urban forests [K voprosu o razvitii predprinimatel’stva v lesnom khozyaystve s uchetom zakonodatel’stva o gorodskikh lesakh] // Modern Lawyer. [Sovremennyy yurist] – 2019. №4 (29). – Pp. 113-123.

Polynkova (2008) – Polynkova E.G. Recognition of the right of private ownership of land plots: problems of theory and practice: dissertation … Candidate of Law Sciences [Priznaniye prava chastnoy sobstvennosti na zemel’nyye uchastki: problemy teorii i praktiki: dissertatsiya … kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk]: 12.00.03, 12.00.06. Moscow, 2008.

Sergeeva (2016) – Sergeeva S. Judicial disputes in cases of recognition of land purchase and sale transactions from the category of agricultural land invalid [Sudebnyye spory po delam o priznanii sdelok kupli-prodazhi zemel’nykh uchastkov iz kategorii zemel’ sel’skokhozyaystvennogo naznacheniya nedeystvitel’nymi // Housing law. [Zhilishchnoye parvo]  – 2016. – N 7. – pp. 31-38.

Theoretical and legal tasks of preserving the natural potential of Russia: a monograph / edited by S.A. Bogolyubov, E.A. Galinovskaya. – M., 2024.

Subject/Topic Digitalization of Russian bankruptcy proceedings using chatbots and AI agents, analyzing their benefits, challenges, and solutions.

Research Goals/Objectives To analyze opportunities, prospects, and specific applications of chatbots/AI agents in Russian bankruptcy proceedings for achieving technological leadership.

Methodology Analysis of Russian legislation (Federal Law No. 127-FZ) and foreign experience using comparative legal analysis and other scientific methods.

Results/Conclusions 1.     Law No. 127-FZ establishes a hybrid system: liberalized procedures for individuals (out-of-court bankruptcy, simplified restructuring) vs. strict oversight for systemically important enterprises (via CBR/DIA). 2. A jurisdictional conflict exists (e.g., CBR vs. FTS duplicating oversight of financial institutions). 3. Digitalization/automation (Fedresurs/EFRSB, MFCs, initiatives) has reached a significant level, despite risks of digital inequality. 4. Addressing identified challenges requires avoiding techno-pessimism and focusing on risk minimization, as solving these issues is key to societal resilience.

Conclusion The research demonstrates strong prospects for further study.

Keywords: insolvency (bankruptcy) proceedings, achieving technological leadership, digitalization, chatbots, artificial intelligence agents, the AI agent

References:

Belikova (2024) – Belikova K.M. Experimental Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Abroad [Eksperimental’noe pravovoe regulirovanie iskusstvennogo intellekta za rubezhom] // Pravo i Biznes [Law and Business]. – 2024. – No.4. – Pp. 2-7.

Ershova, Laptev (20254) – Ershova I.V., Laptev V.A. Law and the Real Sector of the Russian Economy: Monograph [Pravo i real’nyj sektor ekonomiki Rossii: monografiya] Ed. by I.V. Ershova, V.A. Laptev. — Moscow: Prospekt [Prospekt], 2024. – Pp. 223-231, 231-241 (480 pp.).

Belikova (2024) – Belikova K.M. Experimental Legal Regulation in the Field of Artificial Intelligence in Russia (Case Study of Moscow) [Eksperimental’noe pravovoe regulirovanie v sfere iskusstvennogo intellekta v Rossii (na primere g. Moskvy)]. Gaps in Russian Legislation [Probely v rossijskom zakonodatel’stve]. 2024. Vol. 17. No.5. Pp. 045-052. DOI: 10.33693/2072-3164-2024-17-5-045-052. EDN: NHVEGK

Belikova (2024) – Belikova K.M. Digital Dictatorship as a Current Socio-Political Discourse: Prospects for Further Research (A Lawyer’s Opinion) [Cifrovaya diktatura kak aktual’nyj obshchestvenno-politicheskij diskurs: perspektivy dal’nejshego issledovaniya (mnenie yurista).] // Problems of Economics and Legal Practice. [Problemy ekonomiki i yuridicheskoj praktiki.]. 2024. Vol. 20. No. 1. Pp. 40-46. DOI: 10.33693/2541-8025-2024-20-1-40-46. EDN: QOUZWY

Subject/Topic The subject of the study was real social relations arising in connection with the organization of relations in a foster family.

Objectives/Task The goal is to analyze the current state of legislation on foster families, identify existing law enforcement problems and, taking into account the objective growth of orphanhood, propose ways to solve them.

Methodology The research methodology is based on both general scientific (philosophy, epistemology, axiology, logic), and humanitarian (historical, psychology and pedagogy) and special legal (formal-legal, comparative-legal, interpretation) methods.

Conclusion The care of children, as follows from the constitutional provisions (Part 2 of Article 38 of the Constitution of Russia), is assigned to their parents, and the international community gives priority to family education itself. However, in cases where a child does not have them (due to both biological and social orphanhood), the state, by virtue of Part 2 of Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is obliged to provide the child, in one form or another, with a level of care and development that would not differ significantly from parental care. The most significant form of replacing parental care is considered to be adoption, however statistics show that the number of children in need of adoption significantly exceeds the number of people willing to completely replace the child’s parents. A foster family, if not in content, then in its form, is essentially similar to a traditional consanguineous family, and therefore it is much easier for a child to undergo the adaptation necessary for this form of upbringing. The article analyzes and identifies problematic aspects of legal regulation of the activities of foster families, and formulates a number of proposals for improving Russian legislation.

Key words: orphanhood, forms of placement of orphans, foster family, foster family agreement, subject of foster family agreement, foster parent, responsibility of foster parents.

References:

Kuznetsov (2013) – Kuznetsova O.V. Disputes about children: determining the child’s place of residence and the procedure for his communication with parents. [Spory o detyah: opredelenie mesta zhitel’stva rebenka i poryadka ego obshcheniya s roditelyami] – Moscow: Delo i servis, 2013. – 106 p.

Samoylova (2024) – Samoylova O. They give more for a disabled person: what is behind the decline in the number of orphans in orphanages. [Za invalida bol’she dayut: chto stoit za snizheniem chisla detej-sirot v detdomah] // Novye Izvestia. – 01/27/2024.

Shukurov (2004) – Shukurov R.A. ogly. Foster family under family law of Russia: [Priemnaya sem’ya po semejnomu pravu Rossii] dis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.03. – Belgorod, 2004. – 163 p.

Fetisova (2005) – Fetisova O.V. Foster family as a method of family upbringing of orphans and children left without parental care, under the legislation of the Russian Federation [Priemnaya sem’ya kak sposob semejnogo vospitaniya detej-sirot i detej, ostavshihsya bez popecheniya roditelej, po zakonodatel’stvu Rossijskoj Federacii]: dis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.03. – Moscow, 2005. – 239 p.

Tsvetkov (2005) – Tsvetkov V.A. Foster family as a form of placement of children left without parental care, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation [Priemnaya sem’ya kak forma ustrojstva detej, ostavshihsya bez popecheniya roditelej, po zakonodatel’stvu Rossijskoj Federacii]: dis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.03. – Omsk, 2005. – 239 p.

Bannikov (2007) – Bannikov I.A. Agreement on transfer of a child for upbringing in a foster family in the Russian Federation [Dogovor o peredache rebenka na vospitanie v priemnuyu sem’yu v Rossijskoj Federacii]: dis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.03. – Moscow, 2007. – 213 p.

Sokolov (2013) – Sokolov A.N. Civil-legal regulation of relations in a foster family for elderly citizens and disabled persons [Grazhdansko-pravovoe regulirovanie otnoshenij v priemnoj sem’e dlya grazhdan pozhilogo vozrasta i invalidov]: dis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.03. – Moscow, 2013. – 185 p.

Danilova (2014) – Danilova I.S. The institution of a foster family in the system of forms of placement of children left without parental care in the Russian Federation [Institut priemnoj sem’i v sisteme form ustrojstva detej, ostavshihsya bez popecheniya roditelej v Rossijskoj Federacii]: dis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.03. – Moscow, 2014. – 238 p.

Dorzhieva (2016) – Dorzhieva S.V. Legal regulation of the placement and upbringing of children left without parental care in a foster family [Pravovoe regulirovanie ustrojstva i vospitaniya detej, ostavshihsya bez popecheniya roditelej, v priemnoj sem’e]: dis. … Cand. of Law: 12.00.03. – Moscow, 2016. – 271 p.

Dolinskaya (2023) – Dolinskaya E.V. Protection of family rights: nature and development trends. [Zashchita semejnyh prav: priroda i tendencii razvitiya] // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 3-9.

Zvenigorodskaya (2010) – Zvenigorodskaya N.F. Family and legal liability: classification measures. [Semejno-pravovaya otvetstvennost’: mery klassifikacii] // Issues of juvenile justice. – 2010. – No. 6. – P. 22-24.

Ruzanova (2018) – Ruzanova E.V. Current issues of compensation for harm caused to the health of a minor. [Aktual’nye voprosy vozmeshcheniya vreda, prichinennogo zdorov’yu nesovershennoletnego lica] // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. – 2018. – No. 2. -P. 34-38.

Subject/topic The article is devoted to the study of the terms of the marriage contract, reflecting modern trends and problems in this area, as well as the possibility of including such conditions in various variations at the discretion of the spouses.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is to justify the possibility of interpreting the provisions of the law to meet the needs of spouses when concluding a marriage contract and changing the legal regime of property. To realize this goal, the author analyzed the general provisions on the marriage contract and property regimes of spouses, identified the basic conditions of the marriage contract, substantiated the positions of judicial practice and various scientists on approaches to understanding marriage and property relations in modern practice.

Methodology When preparing the article, the authors used general scientific and private methods of scientific knowledge. Analysis and synthesis methods made it possible to analyze the provisions of the legislation and draw logical conclusions, the formal legal method led to the justification of the main result on the conditions of the marriage contract.

Results/conclusions The main result of scientific work is the recognition of the possibility of transferring the property of one of the spouses to the property of the other spouse under a marriage contract. The author shows the debatable nature of such a condition, its reflection in doctrinal sources, however, it was concluded that modern trends in the conclusion of a marriage contract make it possible to include such a condition.

Keywords: marriage, marriage contract, spouses, property, property, contractual regime, joint property.

Reference:

Chashkova (2023) – Chashkova S.Yu. Legal regimes of property of spouses: questions of theory and practice [Pravovye rezhimy imuschestva suprugov: voprosy teorii i practiki] // Family and housing law. – 2023. – № 6. – P. 13-17.

Notary’s Handbook: Instruction.-method. Allowance [Nastolnaya kniga notariusa]: In 2 vols. T. II. 2nd ed., Rev. and add. – M., 2004. P. 158-159.

Zvenigorodskaya (2005) – Zvenigorodskaya N.F. The effect of the marriage contract in time [Deistvie brachnogo dogovora vo vremeni] // Notary. – 2005. – № 2. – P. 9-10;

Levushkin (2012) – Levushkin A.N. Institute of Marriage Contract in the Russian Federation, other member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic States: Comparative legal research [Institut brachnogo dogovore v Rossiiskoi Federacii, drugih gosudarstvah – uchastnikah Sodruzhestva Nezavisimyh Gosudarstv I Baltii: Sravnitalno-pravovoe issledovanie]. – Ulyanovsk, 2012. – P. 70 – 71

Myskin (2012) – Myskin A.V. Marriage contract in the system of Russian private law [Brachnyi dogovor v sisteme rossiiskogo chastnogo prava]. – M.: Statute, 2012. – 172 pp.

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Subject/topic The article analyzes the role of digital antimonopoly compliance as an element of a modern system for preventing violations of antimonopoly legislation. The need for institutional consolidation of digital compliance is substantiated, existing problems in law enforcement are identified, and ways to solve them are proposed.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical justification and legal analysis of digital antimonopoly compliance as a mechanism for preventing violations of the antimonopoly legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as to identify its role in shaping a sustainable model of lawful behavior of business entities in the digital economy.

Methodology. Such general scientific methods as the logical method, the comparative method, the method of generalization, deduction and induction were used.

Methodology General scientific methods such as the logical method, the comparative method, the method of generalization, deduction and induction were used.

Conclusion The article concludes that digital antimonopoly compliance is a systematic form of self-regulation of a company’s activities in terms of compliance with antimonopoly regulations, based on the use of digital tools for monitoring, analyzing and preventing violations. In the context of the digitalization of the economy and the increasing complexity of the competitive environment, compliance is becoming strategically important to prevent not only obvious violations (for example, cartels), but also hidden risks (for example, algorithmic discrimination). The practice of the Federal Antimonopoly Service demonstrates a desire to move from a punitive model to a preventive model. The use of warning tools and the coordination of compliance systems indicates the willingness of the state to engage constructively with business. The introduction of digital compliance systems is especially relevant in high—risk areas such as industry, IT, and telecommunications, where the largest amounts of antitrust fines are recorded annually. The scientific literature and doctrinal sources emphasize the need for legal details of the compliance implementation procedure, consolidation of the legal status of digital systems and methodological support for companies. Thus, digital antimonopoly compliance is a promising tool aimed at creating a fair competitive environment, improving the legal culture of business and reducing the burden on regulatory authorities. Its development requires regulatory consolidation, expansion of the explanatory practice of the FAS and the introduction of the best international practices into the domestic legal system.

Keywords: antimonopoly legislation, digitalization, compliance, FAS of Russia, digital control, dominance, algorithms.

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