Subject/topic. The subject of the study was civil law relations, at least one of the parties to which is a region (subject) of the Russian Federation.

Goals/task. The goal is to analyze and summarize legal situations related to the entry of state entities (subjects of the Russian Federation) into civil legal relations, to determine general approaches to their study.

Methodology. The methodology of the proposed research was made up of general scientific, general sociological and special methods of jurisprudence, including formal legal methods (method of interpretation of normative regulations, formal logical, comparative legal, historical and legal).

Conclusion. The relevance of the problems of participation in civil legal relations of a state entity (a subject of the Russian Federation, or a region of the Russian Federation) lies in the fact that, unlike European or North American legal orders, this subject of civil legal relations is present in the economy incomparably more widely. Without going into the reasons for the breadth of this presence, it should be noted that judicial (including arbitration) disputes involving regions are one of the most typical and widespread categories of disputes. The article formulates a number of proposals for improving the legal status of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (region) in civil legal relations.

Key words: subject of civil law relations, public education, subject of the Russian Federation, civil legal capacity, civil transaction capacity, civil tortious capacity, forms of participation, civil liability.

References:

Inzhieva (2013) – Inzhieva B.B. State participation in modern civil circulation [Uchastie gosudarstva v sovremennom grazhdanskom oborote]: dis. …cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.03 / Buinta Borisovna Inzhieva. – Elista, 2013. – 201 p.

Zhmetkin (2014) – Zhmetkin R.G. Civil liability of the state and other public entities [Grazhdansko– pravovaya otvetstvennost’ gosudarstva i inyh publichnyh obrazovanij]: dis. …cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.03 / Roman Gennadevich Zhmetkin. – Krasnodar, 2014. – 178 p.

Zueva (2011) – Zueva M.V. Civil liability for harm caused by government agencies and their officials [Grazhdansko– pravovaya otvetstvennost’ za vred, prichinennyj gosudarstvennymi organami i ih dolzhnostnymi licami]: dis. … cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.03 / Marina Vitalevna Zueva. – Volgograd, 2011. – 202 p.

Nuriev (2013) – Nuriev A.Kh. Civil liability of the state for harm caused to entrepreneurs [Grazhdansko– pravovaya otvetstvennost’ gosudarstva za vred, prichinennyj predprinimatelyam]: dis. …cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.03 / Ainur Hanafetdinovich Nuriev. – Moscow, 2013. – 241 p.

Kazakov (2018) – Kazakov A.O. Civil legal status of participants in public– private partnerships [Grazhdansko– pravovoj status uchastnikov gosudarstvenno– chastnogo partnerstva]: dissertation. …cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.03 / Alexey Olegovich Kazakov. – Moscow, 2018. – 239 p.

Budanova (2010) – Budanova O.O. Participation of a subject of the Russian Federation in civil legal relations [Uchastie sub”ekta Rossijskoj Federacii v grazhdanskih pravootnosheniyah]: dis. … cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.03 / Oksana Olegovna Budanova. – Moscow, 2010. – 201 p.

Gots (2018) – Revisiting the question of the mechanism of civil legal protection of the rights of participants of the contract system in the sphere of procurement of goods, works, services for provisioning governmental and municipal needs. Gots E. Modern lawyer. 2018. No. 3 (24). pp. 93-101.

Marx (1957) – Marx K. Towards a critique of Hegel’s philosophy of law [K kritike gegelevskoj filosofii prava] // Works. Ed. 2nd. – Moscow: Politizdat, 1957. – 689 p.

Sadrieva (2015) – Sadrieva R.R. On the question of the essence of the state as a subject of civil law. [K voprosu o sushchnosti gosudarstva kak sub”ekta grazhdanskogo prava] // Current problems of Russian law. – 2015. – No. 5. – P. 69– 74.

Nikolyukin (2014) – Nikolyukin S.V. Freedom of agreement between participants in civil law relations. [Svoboda dogovora uchastnikov grazhdansko-pravovyh otnoshenij] // Modern lawyer. – 2014. – No. S. – P. 8-18.0

Kuznetsova (2018) – Kuznetsova Yu.A. Features of the quality condition in relation to other conditions of a civil contract. [Osobennosti usloviya o kachestve v sootnoshenii s inymi usloviyami grazhdansko-pravovogo dogovora] // Modern lawyer. – 2018. – No. 3 (24). – P. 75-84.

Gavrilyuk, Nosanenko (2023) – Gavrilyuk R.V., Nosanenko G.Yu. Problems of inheritance in inheritance law: a brief analysis. [Problemy nasledovaniya v nasledstvennom prave: kratkij analiz] // Modern lawyer. – 2023. – No. 1 (42). – P. 41-51.

Annotation

Subject/topic. The lack of a legislative approach to the definition and types of civil law contracts concluded during the election campaign, as well as to the procedure for their execution, has given rise to numerous legal disputes related to the interpretation and legal qualification of obligations arising during the election campaign. Actually, the existing need for a scientific search for the essence and qualification of civil law contracts concluded during the election campaign determines the relevance of the scientific article and its subject.

Goals/task. The purpose of the research is a scientific and practical understanding of the essence and certain types of civil law contracts concluded during the election campaign, the formulation of author’s recommendations, and the improvement of private law aspects of the procedure for conducting an election campaign.

The methodology is represented by a variety of methods of scientific cognition of objective legal reality, among which, in particular, the following are distinguished: deduction, induction, system-structural analysis, formal legal method, method of analyzing materials of formed law enforcement and legal practice, logical method, method of legal forecasting and method of legal modeling; some others.

Conclusion. The result of the research is the author’s conclusions regarding the civil nature of obligations during the period of the election campaign, the definition of the claim category is formulated, the types of individual contracts are typified.

Keywords: election company, contract, campaign materials, responsibility of the parties, rental of premises, airtime, customer, contractor, license agreement, legal qualification.

References:

Golysheva, Golyshev (2022) – Golysheva A.V., Golyshev I.V. On the issue of liability under the contract for the provision of paid propaganda services [K voprosu ob otvetstvennosti po dogovoru vozmezdnogo okazaniya agitacionnyh uslug]. Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: Jurisprudence [Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: YUrisprudenciya]. 2022. – No. 4. – pp. 108-115.

Ignatenko, Devitsky (2016) – Ignatenko V.V., Devitsky E.I. Media participation in election information support: a textbook [Uchastie SMI v informacionnom obespechenii vyborov: uchebnoe posobie]. – Irkutsk: Election Commission of the Irkutsk region [Izbiratel’naya komissiya Irkutskoj oblasti]. 2016. – 88 p.

Romanets (2019) – Romanets Yu.V. The system of contracts in Russian civil law: monograph // [Sistema dogovorov v grazhdanskom prave Rossii: monografiya]. – M.: Norm: INFRA-M [Norma: INFRA-M]. 2019. – 496 p.

Avakian (2022) – Avakian A.M. The concept of “contract” in civil law and legislation [Ponyatie “Dogovor” v grazhdanskom prave i zakonodatel’stve]. Humanities, socio-economic and social sciences. [Gumanitarnye, social’no-ekonomicheskie i obshchestvennye nauki]. – 2022. – No. 7. – pp. 53-55.

Meyer (2012) – Meyer D.I. Russian civil law. Fifth edition // [Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo. Izdanie pyatoe]. – M.: Book on Demand [Kniga po Trebovaniyu]. 2012. – 846 p.

Gongalo (2023) – Gongalo B.M. Civil Law. Textbook // [Grazhdanskoe pravo]. M.: Statute [Uchebnik], 2023. – 357 p.

Andreev (2020) – Andreev Yu.N. Contract in Russian civil law: comparative legal research: monograph [Dogovor v grazhdanskom prave Rossii: sravnitel’no-pravovoe issledovanie: monografiya]. // M.: Norma: INFRA-M [Norm. INFRA-M]. 2020. – 272 p.

Kupriyanova, Nikolyukin (2019) – Kupriyanova L.M., Nikolyukin S.V. Features of the license agreement. [Osobennosti licenzionnogo dogovora] Modern Lawyer [Sovremennyj yurist]. 2019. No. 3 (28). pp. 38-52.

Subject/topic. The article examines in detail the problem of unfair litigation and its impact on judicial processes in Russia within the framework of the distribution of court costs between participants in civil proceedings.

Goals/objectives. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of unfair litigation in the context of court costs. The objectives of the study include the analysis of the concept of “unfair litigation” in the Russian legal system; the study of the existing practice of collecting court costs in the presence of signs of unfair actions of participants in the process; identification of gaps and shortcomings in legislation that contribute to the occurrence of cases of unfair behavior of the parties; development of proposals to improve legal regulation and judicial practice in order to enhance the protection of the interests of bona fide participants in the judicial process.

Methodology. In preparing the article, general scientific (observation, description, analysis, synthesis, etc.), as well as private scientific (formal legal, comparative legal, etc.) methods of scientific cognition were used.

Results/conclusions. The author proposes to clarify the wording of part 2 of Article 111 of the APC of the Russian Federation, in order to more effectively apply the mechanism for protecting courts from unfair litigation, thereby increasing the accessibility and effectiveness of justice. Thus, the article is an important contribution to the discussion of the necessary changes in the Russian judicial system, emphasizing the importance of combating unfair litigation and protecting the rights of all participants in the process.

Keywords: civil proceedings, arbitration, court costs, procedural obligations, abuse of law, unfair behavior.

References:

Allanina (2024) – Allanina L.M. Abuse of the right in the process: undesirable behavior or a guide to action? [Zloupotreblenie pravom v processe: nezhelatel’noe povedenie ili rukovodstvo k dejstviyu?] // Law and practice [Pravo i praktika]. – 2024. – № 1. – 2024. – рр. 163-168.

Zotov (2024) – Zotov D.I. Implementation of the principle of good faith in resolving the issue of reimbursement of court costs [Realizaciya principa dobrosovestnosti pri razreshenii voprosa o vozmeshchenii sudebnykh raskhodov] // Bulletin of Science [Vestnik nauki]. – 2024. – №. 5(74). – рр. 404-408.

Murad (2024) – Murad A.A. Problematic aspects of understanding the abuse of procedural rights in the Russian civil procedure process [Problemnye aspekty ponimaniya zloupotreblenij processual’nymi pravami v rossijskom civilisticheskom processe] // Law and Law [Zakon i parvo]. – 2024 – №3. – рр. 128-131.

Kukovskij, Petrov (2024) – Kukovskij A.A., Petrov A.V. Some approaches to understanding and essence of the category «process» in law [Nekotorye podkhody k ponimaniyu i sushchnosti kategorii «procesS» v prave]. // Bulletin of the Udmurt University. The series «Economics and Law» [Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya «Ehkonomika i pravO»]. – 2024. – №1. – рр. 134-141.

Tolchina (2024) – Tolchina T.E. Problems in the sphere of abuse of procedural rights in civil proceedings [Problemy v sfere zloupotrebleniyami processual’nymi pravami v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve] // Bulletin of Science [Vestnik nauki]. – 2024. – №3 (72) – рр. 135-140.

Chetvergov (2024) – Chetvergov A.I. Legal costs and their compensation in civil proceedings: the concept and legal nature [Sudebnye izderzhki i ikh vozmeshchenie v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve: ponyatie i pravovaya priroda] // Gaps in Russian legislation. Law Journal [Probely v rossijskom zakonodatel’stve. Yuridicheskij zhurnal]. – 2020. -№1. – рр. 244-248.

Civil Procedure: textbook – in order. S. V. Nikitina [Grazhdanskij process: uchebnik – pod red. S. V. Nikitina] // 2nd ed., ISPR. and DOP. Moscow: RGUP, 2023. 454 р.

Borisenko (2020) – Borisenko YU.S. [Problemy vzyskaniya kompensacii za fakticheskuyu poteryu vremeni v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve i osnovnye napravleniya ikh ustraneniya] // [Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Pravo]. – 2020. – № 2 (41). – рр. 95-96.

Burnos, Oshueva (2024) – Burnos E.N., Oshueva V.V.  [Droblenie i uvelichenie razmera iskovykh trebovanij kak forma nedobrosovestnogo povedeniya: otdel’nye voprosy pravoprimeneniya] // [Yuridicheskaya gnoseologiya]. 2024. – №5. – рр. 54-65.

Porotikova (2018) – Porotikova O.A. The problem of abuse of subjective civil law: a monograph / O. A. Porotikov [Problema zloupotrebleniya sub”ektivnym grazhdanskim pravom] // 3nd ed., ISPR. and DOP. Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, 2019. 241 р.

Abstract

Subject/topic. This article presents a conducted study dedicated to analyzing International Construction Contract Law (ICCL) as a component of International Economic Law (IEL), which governs cross-border construction projects. The research addresses issues related to the choice of applicable law, dispute resolution, and the unification of legal mechanisms.

Goals/task. The objective of the study is to examine the role of standard form contracts developed by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) in mitigating legal and financial risks, as well as to assess the influence of transnational corporations on the legal framework of international construction.

The methodology. The research employs comparative legal analysis, scrutiny of doctrinal concepts, and the examination of international legal instruments and practices. It considers international treaties, FIDIC norms, national legislation, and doctrinal sources that reflect the transformation of legal regulation in a multipolar world.

Conclusion. The findings confirm the necessity of further unifying legal standards and adapting FIDIC standard forms to current global challenges. Enhanced international legal cooperation, harmonization of national and international norms, and effective oversight of TNC activities facilitate the efficient implementation of cross-border construction projects, thereby ensuring economic security and sustainable development.

Keywords: international construction contract law, ICCL, International Federation of Consulting Engineers, FIDIC, international economic law, arbitration, New York Convention.

References:

Klee (2018) – Klee, L. International construction contract law. John Wiley & Sons.

Tsoy (2019) – Tsoy, E. V. Foreign direct investment in the world in 2017: Forecast and reality (based on UNCTAD reports on world investments). [Pryamye inostrannye investitsii v mire za 2017 god: prognoz i realnost (po materialam dokladov YUNKTAD o mirovykh investitsiyakh)]. Academy of Pedagogical Ideas Novation. Series: Student Scientific Bulletin [Akademiya pedagogicheskikh idey Novatsiya. Seriya: Studencheskiy nauchnyy vestnik]. 2019. (4): 168–173. (In Russ.).

Mantsusov (2022) – Mantsusov, V. World trade in the system of international economic relations. [Mirovaya torgovlya v sisteme MEO]. Litres [Litres]. 2022. (In Russ.).

Shumilov (2023) – Shumilov, V. M. Transformation of the global economic legal order in the context of the formation of a multipolar world order. [Transformatsiya globalnogo ekonomicheskogo pravoporyadka v usloviyakh formirovaniya mnogopolyarnogo mirovoostroystva]. Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin [Rossiiskii Vneshneekonomicheskii Vestnik]. 2023. (5): 9–16. (In Russ.).

Malinovskaya (2013) – Malinovskaya, I. G. Transnational corporations and international legal regulation of their activities. [Transnatsionalnye korporatsii i mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie ikh deyatelnosti]. Modern Scientific Research and Innovation [Sovremennye nauchnye issledovaniya i innovatsii]. 2013. (11): 30–30. (In Russ.).

Natapov (2010) – Natapov, S. L. Transnational corporations and applicable international instruments of a recommendatory nature in the field of human rights. [TNK i primenimye k nim mezhdunarodnye akty rekomendatelnogo kharaktera v oblasti prav cheloveka]. Problems of Economics and Legal Practice [Problemy ekonomiki i yuridicheskoy praktiki]. 2010. (4): 137–139. (In Russ.).

Karandeev & Slinko (2015) – Karandeev, S. M., & Slinko, A. A. Social policy of business in the region: Contribution to sustainable development. [Sotsialnaya politika biznesa v regione: vklad v ustoychivoe razvitie]. Region: Systems, Economics, Management [Region: Sistemy, Ekonomika, Upravlenie]. 2015. (2): 153–158. (In Russ.).

Gubaidullina (2023) – Gubaidullina, F. S. The role of foreign direct investment in the strategy of catching-up development. [Rol pryamykh inostrannykh investitsiy v strategii dogonyayushchego razvitiya]. In XII International Conference “Russian Regions in the Focus of Changes” [XII Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya “Rossiyskie regiony v fokuse peremen”]. 2023. (In Russ.).

Krutikov et al. (2017) – Krutikov, V. K., et al. Economic security. [Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost]. 2017. (In Russ.).

Feofilova (2015) – Feofilova, T. Yu. Economic security in ensuring the development of the socio-economic system of the region: theory and methodology. [Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost v obespechenii razvitiya sotsialno-ekonomicheskoy sistemy regiona: teoriya i metodologiya]. Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation [Sankt-Peterburgskiy universitet MVD RF]. 2015. (In Russ.).

Rychagova (2020) – Rychagova, A. A. Economic security: New approaches in the context of globalization. [Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost–novye podkhody v kontekste globalizatsii]. In Economic Security: Problems, Prospects, Development Trends [Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost: problemy, perspektivy, tendentsii razvitiya]. 2020: 354–358. (In Russ.).

Alpysbayev (2019) – Alpysbayev, K. S. Economic security policy as an element of corporate governance. [Politika ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti kak element korporativnogo upravleniya]. Saint Petersburg State University of Economics [Sankt-Peterburgskiy gosudarstvennyy ekonomicheskiy universitet]. 2019. (In Russ.).

Remezkov (2007) – Remezkov, A. A. Theoretical and methodological foundations of economic security. [Teoretiko-metodologicheskie osnovy ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti]. National Interests: Priorities and Security [Natsionalnye interesy: prioritety i bezopasnost]. 2007. (1): 54–59. (In Russ.).

Kharlamov (2010) – Kharlamov, A. V. Globalization and the economic security of the state. [Globalizatsiya i ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost gosudarstva]. Proceedings of Saint Petersburg State University of Economics [Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta]. 2010. (5): 22–28. (In Russ.).

Subject/Topic. The article examines the problems of insufficient legal regulation of the voluntary certification institute and the associated consequences in the form of discrediting this institute and reducing the quality and safety of goods and services, which entail problems in the Russian economy.

Objectives/Tasks. To propose directions for reforming the voluntary certification institute. To analyze the current system of regulation of voluntary certification that has developed over the past 25 years. To identify contradictions and gaps that contribute to the weak development of this institute in relation to advanced world practice.

Methodology. Analytical work was carried out to study draft regulatory legal acts, correspondence with authorized executive bodies.

Conclusions: The voluntary certification system in Russia is extremely ineffective and requires urgent government intervention to reform it.

Keywords: Certification, voluntary certification, certification bodies, voluntary certification system, confirmation of conformity, standardization document.

References:

Aronov (2005) – Aronov I.Z., Rybakova A.M., Nemenyuk I.Yu. Main trends in the activities of voluntary certification systems within the framework of the “old” and “new” mechanisms of technical regulation [Sertifikacii v ramkah «starogo» i «novogo» mekhanizmov tekhnicheskogo regulirovaniya] // “Innovation” [Innovaciya], No. 7 (84), 2005, pp. 68-73.

Bodrenkov (2023) – Bodrenkov V.A. Control (supervision) over the circulation of cement products and their falsification [Kontrol’ (nadzor) za oborotom cementnoj produkcii i ee fal’sifikaciya] // Product quality control [Kontrol’ kachestva produkcii] 2023. No. 7. p. 8-13.

Bodrenkov (2023) – Bodrenkov V.A. Which manufacturers are protected by the moratorium on state control? [Kakih proizvoditelej zashchishchaet moratorij na goskontrol’?] // Product quality control  [Kontrol’ kachestva produkcii] 2023. No. 9. p. 34-38.

Kvashnin (2023) – Kvashnin A.V. Our main goal is consumer safety [Nasha glavnaya cel’ – bezopasnost’ potrebitelej] // Product quality control. 2023 [Kontrol’ kachestva produkcii] No. 2. p. 19-21.

Bykova (2023) – Bykova N. Combating illegal trafficking of products. Market of cement and concrete mixtures [Protivodejstvie nezakonnomu oborotu produkcii. Rynok cementa i betonnyh smesej] // Standards and quality [Standarty i kachestvo] 2023. No. 9. p. 10-12.

Shelishch (2022) – Shelishch P.B. Counterfeiting of building materials and products is an unresolved problem of conformity assessment bodies [Fal’sifikat stroitel’nyh materialov i izdelij — nereshennaya problema organov po ocenke sootvetstviya] // Product quality control [Kontrol’ kachestva produkcii] 2022. No. 4. p. 43-46.

Partsiy (2004) – Partsiy Ya.E. Article-by-article commentary to the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation” [Postateynyy kommentariy k Federal’nomu zakonu «O tekhnicheskom regulirovanii»] // SPS ConsultantPlus. [SPS Konsul’tantPlyus] 2004

Guseva (2005) – Guseva T.A., Chapkevich L.E. On technical regulation: Article-by-article commentary to the Federal Law. O tekhnicheskom regulirovanii: [Postateynyy kommentariy k Federal’nomu zakonu] Moscow: Yustitsinform [Moskva: Yustitsinform,], 2005. 144 p.

Panova (2009) – Panova A.S. On some problems of modern legislation in the field of technical regulation [O nekotorykh problemakh sovremennogo zakonodatel’stva v oblasti tekhnicheskogo regulirovaniya] // Entrepreneurial law. [Predprinimatel’skoye pravo] 2009. No. 4. P. 8 – 14.

Pugachev (2022) – Pugachev S.V. Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”: Twenty years later [Federal’nyj zakon “O tekhnicheskom regulirovanii”: Dvadcat’ let spustya] // Standards and quality [Standarty i kachestvo] 2022. No. 12. p. 20- 26

Stepanenko (2019) – Stepanenko Yu.V. “On improving legislation in order to ensure the implementation of the national technological initiative” [«O sovershenstvovanii zakonodatel’stva v tselyakh obespecheniya realizatsii natsional’noy tekhnologicheskoy initsiativy» // Modern lawyer [Sovremennyy yurist], 2019, 4 (October-December), pp. 6-16.

Stepanenko (2021) – The system of strategic planning in the Russian Federation: a tutorial [Sistema strategicheskogo planirovaniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: uchebnoye posobiye] // ed. Yu. V. Stepanenko. [otv. red. Yu. V. Stepanenko] – Moscow: Prospect, 2021. – 192 p.

Subject/topic. The article deals the problem of unification with public administration digital instruments legal regulation.

Goals/objectives. To identify the causes of polymorphism regulation approaches digital management tools, to propose for the unification of legislation in this area.

Methodology. Comparative legal analysis and research of normative legal acts defining the procedure for the creation and development public administration digital tools.

Conclusions. Information systems as the most important digital tools public administration should be building taking into account the in the unification paradigm (technological transition based on modern cloud platforms). It is necessary to form a unified regulatory framework that will allow harmonization the two subsystems that have developed in practice, within which the “information system” can be consider equally as a management tool (or a reference system) and as a unified platform.

Keywords: digital tools of public administration, state information systems, unification of legal regulation of information systems.

References:

Bubnova (2023) – Bubnova E. L. Actual problems of digitalization of public administration // Young scientist [Aktual’nye problemy tsifrovizatsii gosudarstvennogo upravleniia] // [Molodoi uchenyi]. 2023. # 9 (456). S. 249-251. URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/456/100377/

Mikheeva (2022) – Mikheeva T.N. On the issue of the legal foundations of digitalization in the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the O.E. Kutafin University (MGUA). [K voprosu o pravovykh osnovakh tsifrovizatsii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii] // [Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina] (MGIUA). 2019. # 9. S. 114-122. https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2019.61.9.114-122

Ponkin (2022) – Ponkin I.V. Public administration and regulatory space in the field of artificial intelligence // Bulletin of the O.E. Kutafin University (MGUA). [Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie i reguliatornoe prostranstvo v sfere iskusstvennogo intellekta] // [Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina (MGIUA)]. 2022. # 1(11). S. 108-116. https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.99.11.108-116

Ponkin (2024) – Ponkin I.V. Discretionary decisions in public administration based on machine analytics: problems and risks // Bulletin of the O.E. Kutafin University (MGUA). [Diskretsionnye resheniia v gosudarstvennom upravlenii na osnove mashinnoi analitiki: problemy i riski // [Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina (MGIUA)]. 2024. # (5). S. 125-133. https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2024.117.5.125-133

Riazanova (2020) – Riazanova A.R. Legal regulation of the digital economy in Russia in the context of the introduction of foreign economic sanctions and restrictive measures // Bulletin of the O.E. Kutafin University (MGUA).  [Pravovoe regulirovanie tsifrovoi ekonomiki v Rossii v usloviiakh vvedeniia inostrannykh ekonomicheskikh sanktsii i ogranichitel’nykh mer] // [Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina (MGIUA)]. 2020. # 7. S. 185-192. https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.71.7.185-192

Silkov (2022) – Silkov D. Report on the results of the expert-analytical event “Assessment of the current state of federal state information systems from the point of view of the prospects for digitalization of public administration” // Bulletin of the Accounting Chamber of the Russian Federation. [Otchet o rezul’tatakh ekspertno-analiticheskogo meropriiatiia “Otsenka tekushchego sostoianiia federal’nykh gosudarstvennykh informatsionnykh sistem s tochki zreniia perspektiv tsifrovizatsii gosudarstvennogo upravleniia”] // [Biulleten’ Schetnoi palaty Rossiiskoi Federatsii. 2022. # 8 (297).

Zanko (2023) – Zanko T.A. Reorganization of executive power in the era of digital transformation: technologies, approaches and prospects // CIVIL SERVICE [Reorganizatsiia ispolnitel’noi vlasti v epokhu tsifrovoi transformatsii: tekhnologii, podkhody i perspektivy] // [GOSUDARSTVENNAIA SLUZHBA], 2023, no3 (143) p. 14-21. https://pa-journal.igsu.ru/articles/9982.

Subject / topic. In this article the author considers the prospects of introducing artificial intelligence in the practice of Russian judicial proceedings. The narrow direction of innovative development in the form of machine learning technology was taken as a basis, because the algorithms of artificial intelligence have been used in judicial systems for quite a long time.

Aims / Objectives. The paper proposes a relevant variant of neural networks application in the Russian judicial process, as well as highlights the main risks associated with this procedure.

Methodology. The article reveals in detail the meaning of a number of modern related concepts united by the category of “artificial intelligence”. Through the study of various opinions of scientists and statistical data of jurisdictions that have already applied modern technologies, the conclusion is made about the validity of foreign borrowings. Comparative-legal method was used to analyze the foreign practice of implementing neural networks in the process of legal proceedings. Formal-legal method was used to analyze the legislative material.

Conclusion. Having analyzed foreign experience, we come to the conclusion that today the use of neural networks for the purposes of improving legal proceedings is quite reasonable and promising, although it is accompanied by a number of risks, which with due care and diligence of professional subjects can be minimized.

Practical significance. The materials of the scientific research can be used in scientific proceedings.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, judicial system, judicial proceedings, neural network, machine learning.

References:

Albov (2020) – Albov A.P., Kupriyanova L.M. Digital law in the digital environment of the economy: problems of realization and risks [Cifrovoe pravo v cifrovoj srede ekonomiki: problemy realizacii i riski] // Economy. Business. Banks. 2020. № 4 (42). С. 8-20.

Inyushkin (2020) – Inyushkin A.A. Research of the system of normative-legal acts aimed at regulating blockchain technology (blockchain) in the conditions of digitalization of the information field [Issledovanie sistemy normativno-pravovyh aktov, napravlennyh na regulirovanie tekhnologii blokchejn (blockchain) v usloviyah cifrovizacii informacionnogo polya] // Modern Lawyer. 2020. № 4 (33). С. 73-82.

Poikalainen (2023) – Poikalainen, A. M. Application of legalai and legaltech by subjects engaged in entrepreneurial activities [Primenenie legalai i legaltech sub”ektami, osushchestvlyayushchimi predprinimatel’skuyu deyatel’nost’] / A. M. Poikalainen // Local government. 2023. № 4(137). С. 214-217.

Rozhkova (2020) – Rozhkova, M. A. On the legal aspects of the use of legaltech and lawtech [O pravovyh aspektah ispol’zovaniya tekhnologij Legaltech i lawtech] / M. A. Rozhkova // Khozyaistvo i pravo. 2020. № 3(518). С. 3-11.

Dragilev (2022) – Informatization of the judicial system of China [Informatizaciya sudebnoj sistemy Kitaya] / E. V. Dragilev, L. L. Dragileva, L. S. Drovaleva, S. A. Palamarchuk // Juridicheskaya nauka. 2022. № 8. С. 54-59.

Starkov (2022) – Starkov, A. V. Artificial intelligence in legal proceedings [Iskusstvennyj intellekt v sudoproizvodstve] / A. V. Starkov // Digitization as a new paradigm of development: collection of articles of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference, Petrozavodsk, January 11, 2022. Petrozavodsk: International Center for Scientific Partnership “New Science” (IP Ivanovskaya I.I.), 2022. С. 99-102.

Ivanova A.A. Prospects for the development of arbitration proceedings in the Russian Federation [Perspektivy razvitiya tretejskogo sudoproizvodstva v Rossijskoj Federacii] // Sovremennyi jurist. 2016. № S. С. 46-49.

Karpenko, A.A. Analysis of the work of international tribunals: problems and significance [Analiz raboty mezhdunarodnyh tribunalov: problemy i znachenie] / A. A. Karpenko // Police Bulletin of the VIPKS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. 2024.  №1 (10). С. 8-15.

Tyutyunnik I.G. Legal support of scientific and technological competitive advantages [Pravovoe obespechenie nauchno-tekhnologicheskih konkurentnyh preimushchestv. Sovremennyj yurist] // Sovremennyi jurist. 2020. № 1 (30). С. 29-37.

Zhuravleva (2021) – Zhuravleva, M. D. To the question of the introduction and use of artificial intelligence systems in civil proceedings [K voprosu o vnedrenii i ispol’zovanii sistem iskusstvennogo intellekta v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve] / M. D. Zhuravleva // Humanitarian and political-legal studies. 2021. № 1(12). С. 20-28.

Subject/topic. The article considers the possibility of building an Islamic republic in the modern world. It analyzes the conceptual foundations of Islamic state-legal construction and develops criteria for an Islamic republic based on the history of Islam.

Goals/objectives. The goal is to develop criteria based on which it is possible to call the republic Islamic.

Methodology. Methods. The study uses an analysis of primary sources and literature, as well as a legal analysis, which consists in studying constitutional and legal aspects reflecting the possibility of building an Islamic republic within the framework of federal states. In addition, the study includes M. Heidegger’s hermeneutical method and the dialectical method.

Conclusions. As a result of the research, the basic principles of the Islamic system are identified, offering a clear view of governance based on divine guidance and ethical principles, and the possibility of the formation of an Islamic republic in the modern world is substantiated. Islamic science has not yet clearly answered questions related to public administration and constitutional law. In modern scientific discourse, the uncertainty of positions regarding the concept and definition of the Islamic state structure remains. However, the Qur’an provides a number of basic principles related to the Islamic state structure. Islamic legal thought emphasizes the absence of strict requirements for the form and content of the Islamic state – this shows its adaptability to different historical periods.

Keywords: Quran, Sunnah, Islamic law, caliphate, Islamic republic, state and legal structure, Islamic constitutionalism, legal pluralism, legal monism.

References:

Armstrong (2013) – Armstrong K. The Battle for God: The History of Fundamentalism [Bitva za Boga: Istoriya fundamentalizma: monografiya]. M.: Alpina non-fiction, 2013. P. 502.

Auda (2015) – Auda J. The goals of Sharia [Tseli shariata: monografiya]. M.: Publishing house of Marjani, 2015. P. 192.

Hans (2015) – Hans Kelsen. Pure doctrine of Law [Chistoe uchenie o prave: monografiya]. St. Petersburg: Alef-Press Publishing House, 2015. P. 542.

Kuliyev (2020) – Kuliyev D.T. Sharia and Fiqh: concept, sources and correlation [Shariat i fikkh: ponyatie, istochniki i sootnoshenie] // Islamic Studies: a scientific journal. 2020. № 1. P. 13-25.

Pochta (2022) – Pochta Yu.M. Constructing the identity of the Muslim regions of Russia in the context of the formation of the All-Russian identity [Konstruirovanie identichnosti musulmanskikh regionov Rossii v kontekste formirovaniya obshcherossiyskoy identichnosti] // Bulletin of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. 2022. № 4. P. 651–664.

Darendorff (2002) – Darendorff R. Modern social conflict. An essay on the politics of freedom [Sovremennyy sotsialnyy konflikt. Ocherk politiki svobody: monografiya]. M.: Rosspan, 2002. P. 284.

Raz (2021) – Raz J. The authority of the law. Essays on law and morality [Avtoritet prava. Esse o prave i morali: monografiya.]. M.: Gaidar Institute, 2021. P. 552.

Sukiyainen (2018) – Sukiyainen L. R. General principles of Fiqh as a reflection of the legal features of Islamic law [Obshchie printsipy fikkha kak otrazhenie yuridicheskikh osobennostey islamskogo prava] // Right. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. 2018. № 3. P. 50–80.

Sukiyainen (2021) – Sukiyainen n, L. R. Islamic law and the dialogue of cultures in the modern world [Islamskoe pravo i dialog kultur v sovremennom mire: monografiy]. M.: Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2021. P. 684.

Chicherin B. N. Philosophy of Law [Filosofiya prav]. M.: Typolithography of the Partnership I.N. Kushnerev, 1900. P. 344.

Al-Mawardi (1996) – Al-Mawardi, A. The Ordinances of Government. London: Center for Muslim Contribution to Civilization; 1996. P. 373.

Aslan (2005) – Aslan, Reza. No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam. New York: Random House; 2005. P. 336.

Crone (1977) – Crone, Patricia, Michael Cook. Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1977. P. 279.

Donner (2010) – Donner, Fred M. Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. USA: Harvard University Press; 2010. P. 304.

Ibn Khaldun (2015) – Ibn Khaldun. An Introduction to History – Abridged Edition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2015. P. 512.

Kamali (2019) – Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. Judicious Policy (Siyāsah Sharʿiyyah) // Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: A Fresh Interpretation. New York: Oxford Academic; 2019. P. 195-200.

Tamanaha (2021) – Tamanaha, B. Z. Legal Pluralism Explained: History, Theory, Consequences. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2021. P. 232.