The Modern Lawyer №2(31)

 

CONTENT

 

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW  

Victor A. Baranov

Dean of the faculty of Law, Ph.D., associate Professor, associate Professor Of the Department «Legal regulation of economic activity» of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow. E-mail: vbaranov@fa.ru

Alena N. Prizhennikova

Ph. D., associate Professor, associate Professor Of the Department of legal regulation of economic activity of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow.

E-mail: alenaprizhen@mail.ru

Essential conditions of a subsoil use license as a legal category

Annotation

Subject The Russian Federation has huge reserves of oil, gas and other natural resources located below the soil layer, which is the basis for the existence of its own legislation, different from land legislation. One of the grounds for the right to use a subsoil plot is to obtain a corresponding license, which specifies the terms of use of the site. The analysis of the conditions contained in the license and the law enforcement practice for their implementation makes it possible to make proposals that will allow to harmonize legislation in this field of activity, to create clear and stable conditions for the use of subsoil and land plots under which they are located.

Goals/ objectives All subsurface resources within the borders of the territory of Russia, including the underground space and the minerals, energy and other resources contained therein, are state property. Subsurface areas can not be owned by citizens or legal entities and are classified as objects with limited turnover, which allows them to be leased. At the same time, the land plots under which the subsoil is located may be in state, municipal and private ownership, and the boundaries of the subsoil plots and the land plots under which the subsoil is located do not always coincide. The current legislation does not divide the terms of the license into essential and non-essential, which leads to abuse when deciding on the extension of the license, suspension of its validity, which in turn leads to violations of the rights of subsoil users. The article proposes to highlight the essential conditions that determine the purpose of issuing a license and their violation should entail legal consequences in the form of termination, suspension of its validity or refusal to extend its validity.

Methodology Methods of analysis, synthesis, description, comparison, historical method, method of comparative law, methods of formal logic were used.

Conclusion The conditions set out in the license for the right to use mineral resources should, based on the purpose of issuing the license, be divided into essential and non-essential. This will make it possible to avoid abuses in this sphere of activity, form a unified judicial practice and create conditions that are favorable, stable, transparent and understandable for business entities and officials engaged in Supervisory activities. At the same time, legal regulation of subsurface use relations is carried out by the norms of environmental, land and subsoil legislation, which, due to their specificity, conflict with the norms of land law, which complicates the practice of law enforcement and often leads to violation of the rights and legitimate interests of subsurface users. To solve this problem, we propose ways to resolve existing conflicts in legislation, based on the analysis of doctrinal sources and results of law enforcement practice.

Keywords:subsoil use, license, essential conditions of the license, suspension and termination of the license, administrative liability, administrative procedures, mining allotment, land plot, category of land plot, type of permitted use of land, arbitration practice, land legislation.

References:

Baranov V. A., Prizhennikova A. N. (2020) – Baranov V. A., Prizhennikova A. N. Objective factors excluding administrative responsibility for violation of the terms of the license for the use of mineral resources [Ob”ektivnye faktory, isklyuchayushchie administrativnuyu otvetstvennost’ za narushenie uslovij licenzii na pol’zovanie nedrami] // Education and law. 2020, № 1.

Kurnitskaya A.V. (2019) – Kurnitskaya A.V. Experience of judicial practice in cases of termination of the right to use subsoil in relation to rights to land, forest plots, water objects (integrated approach) [Opyt sudebnoj praktiki po delam o prekrashchenii prava pol’zovaniya nedrami vo vzaimosvyazi s pravami na zemel’nye, lesnye uchastki, vodnye ob”ekty (kompleksnyj podhod)] //Actual problems of Russian law. 2019, № 8.

Quote by: Gorokhov K. D. (2015) – Gorokhov K. D. Legal regulation of establishing and changing the boundaries of subsoil plots [Pravovoe regulirovanie ustanovleniya i izmeneniya granic uchastkov nedr]// Property relations in the Russian Federation. 2015, № 11 // Nikishin D. L. Legal mechanism for granting subsoil use [Pravovoj mekhanizm predostavleniya nedr v pol’zovanie]: Dis. … kand. the faculty of law. Sciences. M., 2013 //ATP «Consultant Plus».

Yamaletdinova R. R. (2011) – Yamaletdinov R. R. Legal aspects of mineral extraction rationing in the Russian Federation [Pravovye aspekty normirovaniya iz”yatiya iskopaemyh v Rossijskoj Federacii] // Environmental law, 2011 № 1, P. 16-19.

12
CIVIL LAW

Vladimir V. Kulakov

doctor of jurisprudence, professor, head of the department of civil law, The Russian state university of justice, Professor of the department of civil law Moscow state regional University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: 79057327361@ya.ru

On the question of the characteristics of real estate as criteria for its state registration

Abstract

Subject/theme The article deals with the problems associated with the definition of features that allow you to distinguish real estate objects from other things.

Goals/objectives The aim of the study is to analyze the actual and formal characteristics of real estate and their importance for state registration. Based on examples from judicial practice, a number of conclusions are drawn about the regime of objects under construction.

Methodology The methodological basis of the study consists of: general scientific, private scientific methods: dialectic, analysis, synthesis, comparative legal, formal legal, linguistic.

Conclusion It seems optimal to divide the signs of real estate into actual and legal (formal). Moreover, the actual signs of real estate are decisive, since they are directly indicated in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. A sign of a fundamental connection with the land allows us to solve the problem of at what stage of construction its object becomes a property.

Keywords: civil rights objects, real estate, buildings, structures, state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it, cadastral registration, real estate transactions.

References:

Civil and commercial law of the capitalist states [Grazhdanskoe i torgovoe pravo kapitalisticheskih gosudarstv] / Under. ed. E.A. Vasilieva. M .: International Relations, 1993. P. 201.

Kozyr (1998) – Kozyr O.M. Real estate in the new Civil Code of Russia. In the book. Civil Code of Russia. Problems. Theory. Practice: Collection of memory S.A. Khokhlova [Nedvizhimost’ v novom Grazhdanskom kodekse Rossii. V kn. Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossii. Problemy. Teoriya. Praktika: Sbornik pamyati S.A. Hohlova]/ Ed. A.L. Makovsky; Private Law Research Center. M.: Publishing house of the Intern. Center of financial and econom. Development, 1998.

The practice of applying the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of the first part [Praktika primeneniya Grazhdanskogo kodeksa RF chasti pervoj] / Under general. ed. V.A. Belova. M.: Yurayt, 2009.

Syrodoev (1998) – Syrodoev N.A. Registration of rights to land and other real estate [Registraciya prav na zemlyu i drugoe nedvizhimoe imushchestvo] // State and Law. 1998. № 8. P. 91- 92.

Chernykh (1995) – Chernykh A.V. Real estate pledge in Russian law [Zalog nedvizhimosti v rossijskom prave]. M .: Legat, 1995.

22

Olga V. Kostina

Associate Professor, Civil law Department of the Russian state University of justice, Candidate of legal sciences, Moscow.

E-mail: ovk145@mail.ru

Nikolay V. Kirillov

4th year student of the Russian state University of justice. E-mail: nikkiri96@mail.ru

Sergey S. Komissarov

4th year studentof the Russian state University of justice

E-mail: s0800@yandex.ru

Legal regime of a parking space as an object of civil rights

Abstract

Subject/theme The subject of the research is public relations related to the recognition of Parking spaces as real property in the system of civil rights objects.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of certain provisions of the Civil code of the Russian Federation, the urban Development code of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts, as well as law enforcement practice in the area under study.

Methodology The methodological basis of research are: universal methods of knowledge; scientific methods, including systematic and logical method and also the analysis, synthesis and analogy; methods such as the method of comparative law and formal legal method.

Conclusion Based on the analysis of the concept of “thing” and approaches to the study of the legal regime of the Parking space, it can be concluded that this property is not a thing due to the lack of features inherent in this category. Under article 128 of the civil code of the Russian Federation, which lists objects of civil rights, the Parking space should be attributed to property rights, but not to real estate. The problems raised in the article require additional legal regulation. Consequently, the legislator in the reform of property law, you must pay attention to the evaluation object of civil rights from legal science and practice since changes are present, and adjust its position in relation to the legal regime of the asset.

Keywords: object of civil rights, Parking space, thing, real estate, right to property.

References:

Bevzenko (2017) – Bevzenko R.S. Land plot with buildings on it: introduction to Russian real estate law [Electronic edition]. M.: M-Logos, 2017. 80 p.

Gongalo (2018) – Gongalo B.M. Civil law: textbook: in 2 t. / S. S. Alekseev, O. G. Alekseeva, K. P. Belyaev et al.; edited by B. M. Gongalo. 3rd ed., reprint. and add. M.: Statute, 2018. Vol.1. / / SPS «ConsultantPlus».

Kostina (2005) – Kostina O.V. to the definition of the concept «real estate» // Materials of the all-Russian scientific and practical conference. Moscow Academy of Economics and law, Kolomna branch; Kolomna Institute for retraining and advanced training of managers and specialists. 2005. Pp. 231-234.

Komissarov (2019) – Komissarov S.S. The principle of good faith of the parties in the state registration of rights to immovable property // The principles and presumptions in the civil law: collection of scientific works of undergraduates and students. Under. edited by V. V. Kulakov, O. V. Kostina. M., 2019. Pp. 36-41.

Kofanov (2019) – Kofanov L. L. Roman law: Textbook. M.: RSUP, 2019. 56 p. // [Electronic resource]: Information and educational portal of the Russian state University of justice-URL: http://op.raj.ru/index.php/srednee-professionalnoe-obrazovanie-2/794-kofanov-l-l- rimskoe-pravo-uchebnoe-posobie (accessed: 06.01.2020).

Litovkin, Sukhanov, Chubarov (2008) – Litovkin V.N., Sukhanov E.A., Chubarov V.V. property Rights: actual problems / ed. V. N. Litovkin, E.A. Sukhanov, V.V. Chubarov; In-t law and compare. M.: Statute, 2008, 737 p. (author of the Chapter K. I. sklovsky).

Parking spaces in the system of real estate objects // [Electronic resource]: Anton Ivanov’s official YouTube channel ANTONIVANOV.RU – URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=”147&v=_ Tdv5l9iFvU&feature=emb_logo (date accessed: 09.04.2020).

Scientific round table “Legal nature of Parking spaces» // [Electronic resource]: Official YouTube channel of the m-Logos Law Institute-URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=410&v=Q2_ DpE3NVx8&feature=emb_logo (accessed: 17.03.2020).

Sanfilippo (2019) – Sanfilippo CH. Course of Roman law: textbook / Cesare Sanfilippo; [TRANS. with Italian I. I, Mahankova]; under the General ed. D. V. Razhev. – M.: Norm: INFRA-M, 2019. – 92c. // [Electronic resource]: Electronic library system Znanium.com -URL: https://znanium.com/bookread2.php?book=1003255 (accessed: 07.01″.2020).

Sergeev (2018) – Sergeev A.P. Civil law: textbook: in 3 vol. T. 1 / ed. by A. p. Sergeev. – 2nd ed., reprint. and additional . M.: Prospect, 2018. 776 p. (author of the Chapter A. p. Sergeev).

Sukhanov (2011) – Sukhanov E.A. civil law of the Russian: Textbook: In 2 vols. I: General part. Real right. Inheritance law. Intellectual rights. Personal non-property rights / Ed. E. A. Sukhanov. 2nd ed., stereotype. M.: Statute, 2011. 958 p.

Yakovlev (2005) – Yakovlev A.S. Property rights as objects of civil legal relations. Theory and practice. M.: «Axis-89», 2005. 192 p.

34

Lyudmila M. Kupriyanova

PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Deputy Head of the Basic Department of the Economics of Intellectual Property, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.

E-mail: kuprianovalm@yandex.ru

Stanislav V. Nikolyukin

PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Civil law Department, Russian state university of justice, Moscow, Russian Federation

E-mail: stanislav-fa@yandex.ru

Commercialization of a trademark as a means of individualization

Abstract

Subject / Topic The role of trademarks in modern market relations is difficult to overestimate. They contribute to the realization of consumer demand, the promotion of goods and services, as well as the rapid adoption of optimal decisions based on the analysis of gigantic amounts of information, which gives tremendous advantages in quality and effectiveness. Of great importance for trademarks is commercialization, which ensures the achievement of competitive advantages when they are introduced into the economy.

Goals / Objectives The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the features of commercialization of such an individualization tool as a trademark, which is not the result of creativity, but is mainly of an applied nature, ensuring the property interests of business entities.

Methodology The methodological basis of the research is: the universal method of cognition; general scientific research methods, including the systemic and logical method, as well as analysis, synthesis, analogy and private-scientific methods.

Conclusions and Relevance Scientific and technological progress and economic development of the Russian Federation create favorable conditions for the creation of new «breakthrough projects» in the field of intellectual property, including in the field of commercialization of trademarks, since a trademark is an integral part of market relations and an important factor in increasing competitiveness.

Keywords: intellectual property, commercialization, means of individualization; trademark.

References:

Kupriyanova, Nikolyukin (2019) – Kupriyanova L.M., Nikolyukin S.V. To the issue of compensation for violation of exclusive rights [K voprosu o kompensacii za narushenie isklyuchitel’nyh prav] // Modern Lawyer. 2019. № 4 (29). P. 51-59.

Androshchuk(2016) –  Androshchuk G. Transformation of a trademark into a generic concept: doctrine and practice [Prevrashchenie tovarnogo znaka v rodovoe ponyatie: doktrina i praktika] // Intellectual property. 2016. № 8. P 51-60.

Rakhmatulina (2019) – Rakhmatulina R.Sh. Commercial Use of Copyright Objects [Kommercheskoe ispol’zovanie ob”ektov avtorskogo prava: monografiya]: Monograph. M.: Prospect, 2019.P. 89-99.

Kalyatin (2000) – Kalyatin V.O. Intellectual property (exclusive rights): a textbook for universities [Intellektual’naya sobstvennost’ (isklyuchitel’nye prava): uchebnik dlya vuzov]. M .: NORMA Publishing House (NORMA-INFRA-M Publishing Group), 2000.P. 345-376.

Afanasyeva, Dolgikh (2017) – Afanasyeva E.G, Dolgikh M.G Trademarks with special legal regime. In the book. Intellectual Property Law: Sat scientific Repl.[ Tovarnye znaki s osobym pravovym rezhimom. V kn. Pravo intellektual’noj sobstvennosti: sb. nauch.tr] ed. Afanasyeva E.G. M., 2017.P. 84-97.

Gavrilov (2017) – Gavrilov E.P. General provisions of civil law. Intellectual Property Law. Other legal issues. XXI Century [Obshchie polozheniya grazhdanskogo prava. Pravo intellektual’noj sobstvennosti. Inye pravovye voprosy. XXI vek]. M .: Publishing house «Yurservitum», 2017. P. 205-273.

The civilistic concept of intellectual property in the system of Russian law [Civilisticheskaya koncepciya intellektual’noj sobstvennosti v sisteme rossijskogo prava]: monograph / Ed. ed. M.A. Rozhkova. M .: Statute, 2018.P. 177-200.

Nikolyukin, Kupriyanova (2020) – Nikolyukin S.V., Kupriyanova L.M. Turnover of the results of intellectual activity: economic and legal aspect [Oborotosposobnost’ rezul’tatov intellektual’noj deyatel’nosti: ekonomiko-pravovoj aspekt] // Modern Lawyer. 2020. № 1 (30) P. 81-92.

Okunev, Golovushkin, Maykova (2016) – Okunev D., Golovushkin I., Maykova S. Formation of a marketing model for the commercialization of the results of research activities at a university [Formirovanie marketingovoj modeli kommercializacii rezul’tatov nauchno-issledovatel’skoj deyatel’nosti v vuze]// Intellectual Property. 2016. № 8. P. 5-16.

44

German S. Shvyrev

Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «Southwest state University» (SWSU). ul.50 let Oktyabrya, 94 Kursk, 305040, Russia. lecturer at the Department of civil law of the South-Western state University (SWSU). E. mail: german14@mail.ru

Use of the subscription agreement by unscrupulous participants in civil turnover

Abstract

Subject / Topic The peculiarities of application of the subscriber contract by the parties to legal relations are considered. It is indicated that it is possible to use the subscriber contract by unscrupulous counterparties for their own interests, which are contrary to the law.

Goals / Objectives Investigation of subscriber contracts, identification of cases in which parties to legal relations use the subscriber contract for their illegal interests, as well as development of criteria of reality of the contract with execution on demand.

Methodology Methods were used: formal-logical, dialectical, as well as a method of analyzing judicial practice.

Conclusion and Relevance The article concludes that parties to legal relations can use the contract with execution on demand (subscriber contract) in various ways for their illegal purposes. Results: On the basis of the article, it is concluded that the criteria considered for the reality of the subscriber contract can help to identify the true will of the parties. However, in each particular case, it is necessary to consider the actual legal relations of the parties in conjunction with the criteria identified, as well as on the basis of the general principles of good faith of the participants in the civil turnover.

Keywords: contract, subscriber contract, contract with execution on demand, conscientiousness, performer, subscriber, legal relationship.

References:

Civil Code of the Russian Federation [Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii]. Electronic resource // ATP «Consultant Plus» [Konsul’tant Plyus].

The determination of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation [Opredelenie Verhovnogo Suda RF] dated December 7, 2017 № 309-ES17-17984 in the case № A47-6668 / 2016. Electronic resource // ATP «Consultant Plus» [Konsul’tant Plyus].

Solov’eva (2020) – Solov’eva A.A. Use of a subscription agreement by unscrupulous participants as part of the bankruptcy procedure. Actual issues of law, economics and management. [Ispol’zovanie abonentskogo dogovora nedobrosovestnymi uchastnikami v ramkah procedury bankrotstva. Aktual’nye voprosy prava, ekonomiki i upravleniya] Collection of articles of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference [Sbornik statej XXIII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii]: v 2 ch.. 2019 Izdatel’stvo: «Nauka i Prosveshchenie» (IP Gulyaev G.YU.) (Penza) P. 181-183.

On insolvency (bankruptcy): Fed. law: [O nesostoyatel’nosti (bankrotstve): fed. zakon]: adopted on October 26, 2002 № 127-ФЗ: as of April 1, 2020 // Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation. 2002. № 43. Article 4190. [prinyat ot 26 oktyabrya 2002g. № 127-FZ: po sostoyaniyu na 01.04.2020] // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF. 2002. № 43. St. 4190.

The decision of the Arbitration Court of the North Caucasus District dated December 12, 2019 № F08-11450 / 19 in the case № A32-45404 / 2017 [Postanovlenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Severo-Kavkazskogo okruga ot 12 dekabrya 2019 g. № F08-11450/19 po delu № A32-45404/2017] // ATP «Consultant Plus» [Electronic resource] // SPS [«Konsul’tant Plyus»].

Tax code of the Russian Federation [Nalogovyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii] // [Electronic resource] ATP «Consultant Plus» [SPS «Konsul’tant Plyus»].

Letter of the Department of Tax and Customs Tariff Policy of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated May 26, 2008 № 03-03-06 / 1/330. About accounting for tax purposes the profit of expenses under contracts for servicing software products and phone numbers, as well as expenses for the acquisition of consulting and audit services used by the organization as necessary during the term of the contracts [Pis’mo Departamenta nalogovoj i tamozhenno-tarifnoj politiki Minfina RF ot 26 maya 2008 g. № 03-03-06/1/330. Ob uchete v celyah nalogooblozheniya pribyli raskhodov po dogovoram na obsluzhivanie programmnyh produktov i telefonnyh nomerov, a takzhe raskhodov na priobretenie konsul’tacionnyh i auditorskih uslug, ispol’zuemyh organizaciej po mere neobhodimosti v techenie sroka dejstviya dogovorov] // [Electronic resource] ATP «Consultant Plus» [SPS «Konsul’tant Plyus»].

On the refusal to accept for consideration the request of a group of deputies of the State Duma to verify the constitutionality of paragraphs two and three of paragraph 1 of Article 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation: defin. Constitutional Court [Ob otkaze v prinyatii k rassmotreniyu zaprosa gruppy deputatov Gosudarstvennoj Dumy o proverke konstitucionnosti abzacev vtorogo i tret’ego punkta 1 stat’i 252 Nalogovogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii: opred. Konstitucionnogo suda] adopted on June 4, 2007 № 320-O-P // Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation. [Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF]. 2007. № 28.Art. 3479.

Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of October 12, 2006 № 53 «On the assessment by arbitration courts of the justification for obtaining tax benefits by a taxpayer» [Electronic resource] // ATP «Consultant Plus» [Postanovlenie Plenuma Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF ot 12 oktyabrya 2006 g. № 53 «Ob ocenke arbitrazhnymi sudami obosnovannosti polucheniya nalogoplatel’shchikom nalogovoj vygody»] / SPS «Konsul’tant Plyus».

Savseris, Tregubov (2010) – Savseris S.V., Tregubov I.M. Tax risks of a service contract subject to a monthly fee [Nalogovye riski servisnogo dogovora s usloviem vneseniya abonentskoj platy] // Accounting in budget and non-profit organizations. [Buhgalterskij uchet v byudzhetnyh i nekommercheskih organizaciyah]. 2010. № 22. P.35-37.

CHelysheva (2018) – Chelysheva N.Yu. Features of the legal regulation of subscription agreements in the light of civil law reform. The Russian legal system in the context of ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen: theory and practice. Materials of the II All-Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation dedicated to the Lawyer’s Day. Repl. ed. E.P. Chornovol, I.N. Borodin. [Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya abonentskih dogovorov v svete reformirovaniya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel’stva. Rossijskaya pravovaya sistema v kontekste obespecheniya prav i svobod cheloveka i grazhdanina: teoriya i praktika. Materialy II Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvyashchennoj Dnyu yurista. otv. red. E. P. CHornovol, I.N. Borodina]. 2018 Publisher: Kurgan State University (Kurgan) [Izdatel’stvo: Kurganskij gosudarstvennyj universitet (Kurgan)]. P. 212-220.

Contract law: subscription, framework agreements and option type agreements: textbook. allowance [Dogovornoe pravo: abonentskie, ramochnye dogovory i dogovory opcionnogo tipa: ucheb. posobie] / A.S. Rainikov, D.V. Karelina, Yu.P. Martynenko. Irkutsk: BSU Publishing House, 2019. 48 p.

55

Fedor G. Shukhov

senior lecturer of the department of economic theory at Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University.

Е-mail: fedor.ru@bk.ru

Legal responsibility of public associations

Abstract

Subject/ Topic The article is about the peculiarities of legal responsibility arising in connection with the acts of public associations.

Goals / Objectives The article solves the following aims: consideration of sanctions applied to public associations, including constitutional liability; identification of the boundaries of the activities of supervisory bodies; analysis of difficulties encountered in law enforcement.

Methodology The methodology is based on the study and analysis of legal acts regulating activities of public associations. Both general scientific and special research methods were used, including system analysis and logical-legal method.

Conclusion and Relevance Many Federal laws contain separate rules regulating the activities of public associations, the legislation of the Russian Federation does not have a coherent character, which is one of the problems of applying these rules. Greater legislative attention is paid to the public manifestations of public associations, as well as to the most public forms. The activity of public associations without the formation of a legal entity is the least legally regulated. It should be noted that with all the imperfection of legislation on these issues, the scope of supervision of the activities of non-profit organizations, including public associations, is quite serious, and the variety of sanctions is extremely small.

Keywords:public associations, legal responsibility, constitutional responsibility, non-profit organizations, supervision.

References:

Serkov (2010) – Serkov P. P. On the concept of legal responsibility [O ponyatii yuridicheskoj otvetstvennosti] // Journal of Russian law. 2010. № 8 (164). Pp. 42-49.

Shukhov (2009) – Shukhov F.G. Public associations in the Russian Federation: legal regulation, concept and classification [Obshchestvennye ob”edineniya v Rossijskoj Federacii: pravovoe regulirovanie, ponyatie i klassifikaciya] // Humanitarian planet. 2009. №. 2. Pp. 60-62.

Federal law On public associations. 19.05.1995 № 82-FZ [Federal’nyj zakon «Ob obshchestvennyh ob”edineniyah»] // SPS «ConsultantPlus».

Federal law On countering the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism. 07.08.2001 No. 115-FZ [Federal’nyj zakon «O protivodejstvii legalizacii (otmyvaniyu) dohodov, poluchennyh prestupnym putem, i finansirovaniyu terrorizma»] // SPS «ConsultantPlus».

Vinogradov (2000) – Vinogradov V.A. Constitutional responsibility: questions of theory and legal regulation [Konstitucionnaya otvetstvennost’: voprosy teorii i pravovogo regulirovaniya.]. Moscow, 2000, 288 p.

Vinogradov (2001)-Vinogradov V. A. Constitutional and legal sanctions [Konstitucionno-pravovye sankcii] // Legislation. 2001. № 12. Pp. 54-62.

Kolosova (2000) – Kolosova N.S. Constitutional responsibility in the Russian Federation. Responsibility of state authorities and other legal entities for violation of constitutional legislation in the Russian Federation [Konstitucionnaya otvetstvennost’ v Rossijskoj Federacii. Otvetstvennost’ organov gosudarstvennoj vlasti i inyh sub”ektov prava za narushenie konstitucionnogo zakonodatel’stva v Rossijskoj Federacii]. Moscow: Gorodets, 2000, 192 P.

Vitruk (2009) – Vitruk N.V. General theory of legal responsibility [Obshchaya teoriya yuridicheskoj otvetstvennosti]. Moscow: Norm, 2009, 431 p.

Federal law On protection of the rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in the exercise of state control (supervision) and municipal control. 26.12.2008 N  294-FZ [Federal’nyj zakon «O zashchite prav yuridicheskih lic i individual’nyh predprinimatelej pri osushchestvlenii gosudarstvennogo kontrolya (nadzora) i municipal’nogo kontrolya»] // SPS «ConsultantPlus».

Resolution of the government of the Russian Federation of 11.07.2012 № 705 (Ed. from 23.12.2014) «On approval of the Regulations on Federal state supervision of the activities of non-profit organizations» [Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 11.07.2012 № 705 (red. ot 23.12.2014) «Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o federal’nom gosudarstvennom nadzore za deyatel’nost’yu nekommercheskih organizacij»] / / SPS «ConsultantPlus».

Main results of activity of the Ministry of justice of the Russian Federation for 2017 [Osnovnye itogi deyatel’nosti Ministerstva yusticii Rossijskoj Federacii za 2017 god]/ / URL: https://minjust.ru/ru/osnovnye-itogi-deyatelnosti-ministerstva-yusticii (accessed: 05.05.2020)

Federal law N 2202-1 On the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation 17.01.1992 [Federal’nyj zakon ot 17.01.1992 № 2202-1 «O prokurature Rossijskoj Federacii»] // SPS «ConsultantPlus».

Federal law No. 114-FZ On countering extremist activity 25.07.2002 [Federal’nyj zakon ot 25.07.2002 g. № 114-FZ «O protivodejstvii ekstremistskoj deyatel’nosti»] // SPS «ConsultantPlus».

Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 15, 2007 № 1420-R On an official periodical that publishes a list of public and religious associations and other organizations in respect of which the court has adopted a legally binding decision to liquidate or ban activities on the grounds provided for by the Federal law «on countering extremist activity» [Rasporyazhenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 15 oktyabrya 2007 g. № 1420-r Ob oficial’nom periodicheskom izdanii, osushchestvlyayushchem publikaciyu perechnya obshchestvennyh i religioznyh ob”edinenij, inyh organizacij, v otnoshenii kotoryh sudom prinyato vstupivshee v zakonnuyu silu reshenie o likvidacii ili zaprete deyatel’nosti po osnovaniyam, predusmotrennym Federal’nym zakonom «O protivodejstvii ekstremistskoj deyatel’nosti»] // SPS «ConsultantPlus».

Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2016 № 64 «on certain issues that arise when considering cases related to the suspension or liquidation of non-profit organizations, as well as the prohibition of the activities of public or religious associations that are not legal entities» [Postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda RF ot 27 dekabrya 2016 g. № 64 «O nekotoryh voprosah, voznikayushchih pri rassmotre-nii sudami del, svyazannyh s priostanovleniem deyatel’nosti ili likvidaciej nekommercheskih organizacij, a takzhe zapretom deya-tel’nosti obshchestvennyh ili religioznyh ob”edinenij, ne yavlyayu-shchihsya yuridicheskimi licami»] // https://www.garant.ru/products/ ipo/prime/doc/71477404/ (accessed: 05.05.2020).

Shandursky (2018) – Shandursky D. Representative actions in Russia // Russian legal journal. 2018. Volume. 6. № 1. Pp. 100-118.

63
CIVIL PROCESS

Timur S. Gabazov

graduate student, senior lecturer, Department of Civil Law and Procedure, Grozny. E-mail: gts.82@mail.ru

Errors in determining the defendant in certain categories of cases of administrative and civil proceedings: gaps in procedure and legal consequences

Abstract

Subject/topic To date, there is a certain legal vacuum in the understanding and implementation of the rules of the new regulatory act, the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation. Often the courts did not consider and are considering cases fully, realizing the subject and nature of the dispute, the subject composition. The case in point is the recognition of information disseminated through the Internet, information whose dissemination in the Russian Federation is prohibited (including extremist materials) and the restriction of access to prohibited information materials.

Goals/objectives In this connection, we will try to study this problem with real examples and give an appropriate legal assessment. The article is devoted to the legal analysis of the law enforcement practice in a separate category of cases, now considered in the administrative procedure, and in particular, an error in determining the defendant (administrative defendant).

Methodology The methods of analysis, description, comparison, methods of formal logic were used.

Conclusions The stage of formation and approval of the new is always a difficult and thorny process. One of the last codified acts of Russia was no exception. There are still many acute problems in determining the subject of legal proceedings, the subject composition, the procedure for the consideration and resolution of cases, and the relationship with related norms of procedural law.

Keywords:interested party, administrative legal proceedings, administrative plaintiff, administrative defendant, provider, judicial community.

References:

The Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation of November 14, 2002 № 138-ФЗ // SZ of the Russian Federation of November 18. 2002. № 46 of Art. 4532 // Official Internet portal of legal information // Electronic resource [Grazhdanskij processual’nyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 14 nojabrja 2002 g. № 138-FZ//SZ RF ot 18 nojabrja 2002 g. № 46 st. 4532 // Oficial’nyj internet-portal pravovoj informacii // Jelektronnyj resurs], URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru/ (accessed: 04.01.2020).

The Code of administrative proceedings of the Russian Federation of March 8, 2015 № 21-FZ // Official Internet portal of legal information//Electronic resource [Kodeks administrativnogo sudoproizvodstva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 8 marta 2015 goda № 21-FZ // Oficial’nyj internet-portal pravovoj informacii//Jelektronnyj resurs], URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru/ (accessed: 04.01.2020).

Federal Law of May 01, 2017 № 87-ФЗ «On Amending the Federal Law» On Information, Information Technologies and the Protection of Information «and certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation» // Official Internet portal of legal information//Electronic resource [Federal’nyj zakon ot 01 maja 2017 № 87-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v Federal’nyj zakon «Ob informacii, informacionnyh tehnologijah i o zashhite informacii» i otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty Rossijskoj Federacii» // Oficial’nyj internet-portal pravovoj informacii // Jelektronnyj resurs], URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru/ (accessed: 01.04.2020).

The decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 19.06.2012 № 13 «On the application by the courts of the norms of civil procedural legislation governing the production in the court of appeal»// Official Internet portal of legal information//Electronic resource [Postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda RF ot 19.06.2012 № 13 «O primenenii sudami norm grazhdanskogo processual’nogo zakonodatel’stva, reglamentirujushhih proizvodstvo v sude apelljacionnoj instancii» // Oficial’nyj internet-portal pravovoj informacii // Jelektronnyj resurs], URL: www.consultant.ru ›Document› cons_doc_LAW_131519 (accessed: 01.04.2020).

Archive of the Leninsky district court of the city of Grozny of the Chechen Republic // Electronic resource [Arhiv Leninskogo rajonnogo suda g. Groznogo Chechenskoj Respubliki // Jelektronnyj resurs], URL: https:// leninsky–chn.sudrf.ru (accessed: 04.01.2020).

Judicial and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation (SudAkt) // Electronic resource [Sudebnye i normativnye akty RF (SudAkt) // Jelektronnyj resurs], URL: http://sudact.ru (accessed: 01/04/2020).

Milov (2015) – K. Milov. Code of Administrative Procedure: What, How and Why? // Your consulting partner. 2015. № 35 (9601) // Electronic resource [Kodeks administrativnogo sudoproizvodstva: chto, kak i zachem? // Vash partner-konsul’tant. 2015. №35 (9601)// Jelektronnyj resurs], URL: https://www.eg-online.ru/article/291037/ (date of access: 01.04.2020).

Gabazov, Bogatyrev (2019) – Gabazov TS, Bogatyrev M.R. Problems of determining jurisdiction in judicial practice: Code of Civil Procedure of theRussian Federation and CAS of the Russian Federation // Issues of Economics and Law [Problemy opredelenija podvedomstvennosti v sudebnoj praktike: GPK RF i KAS RF // Voprosy jekonomiki i prava] // 2019.№ 131. Р. 7-11.

Gabazov, Idrisova (2019) – Gabazov T.S., Idrisova F.A. Deficiencies in the law enforcement practice of courts in terms of recovering court costs // Law and Law [Nedostatki v pravoprimenitel’noj praktike sudov v chasti vzyskanija sudebnyh rashodov // Zakon i pravo] // 2019. № 6. P. 73-74.

The official website of the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation // Electronic resource//[Oficial’nyj sajt Sudebnogo departamenta pri Verhovnom Sude RF // Jelektronnyj resurs], URL: http://www.cdep.ru (accessed date: 01.04.2020).

72
HOUSING LAW

Tatiana A. Belyaeva

Senior Teacher of the Department of Civil Law Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: mos.t@mail.ru

Residential lease agreement by law Russian Federation

Abstract

Subject / Topic Consideration of the legal regulation of residential rental relations and law enforcement practice for further improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of housing rental.

Goals / Objectives The article considers the sources of legal regulation of relations for the rental of residential premises under the law of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the legal norms regulating relations for the rental of residential premises in the Russian Federation.

Methodology The methodological basis of the research consists of General methods of cognition, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, description, and comparison.

Conclusion and Relevance Domestic science has not sufficiently analyzed and compared residential lease agreements provided for by both civil and housing legislation of the Russian Federation. The signs of all residential lease agreements are not systematizing in law. There is no possibility for unification due to the uneven manifestation of contractual freedom of the parties in these relations. It is necessary to develop practical recommendations for improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Keywords:a rental agreement, contract of social hiring, the poor, social housing.

References:

Asknaziy (1940) – Asknaziy S. I. Soviet housing law. M.: Yurizdat, 1940. – P. 22.

Braginsky, Vitryansky (2011) – Braginsky M. I., Vitryansky V. V. Contract law. In 5 kn. Kn. 2: Contracts for the transfer of property. 2nd ed., ster. M.: Statute, 2011. P. 657.

Gongalo (2011) – Gongalo B. M. Civil law; Housing law; Family law: selected. – Moscow: Statute, 2011. – Pp. 133-142.

Dozortsev (1954) – Dozortsev A.V. On the subject of Soviet civil law and the system of the Civil code of the USSR.state and law.1954. № 7. Pp. 104-108.

Litivkin (200) – Litovkin V. N. Housing legislation: crisis of doctrine, change of principles, from the past to the present //Problems of modern civil law. Collection of articles. M.: Gorodets, 2000. P. 275.

Petrisheva (1977) – Petrishcheva G. I. Legal regulation of housing relations: textbook. Sverdlovsk, 1977. P. 36-37.

Tarasova (2012) – Tarasova A. E. Problems of legal regulation of grounds and procedure for termination of the right to use residential premises // Severo-Kavkazskiy yuridicheskiy Vestnik, 2012. № 3. P. 29.

Tolstoy (2013) – Tolstoy Yu. K. Housing law: textbook. 2nd ed., pererab. and add. M.: Prospect, 2013. P. 45-46.

Khalfina (1954) – Khalfina R. O. the Meaning and essence of the contract inthe Soviet socialistic civil law / Ed. V. N. Mozheiko. M.: Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1954. P. 41.

Chigir (1986) – Chigir V. F. Housing law: Textbook for lawyers. highereducational. 2nd ed., ISPR. and add. Minsk: Vysh. SHK., 1986. P. 18-19.

82
HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW

Yuri Vl. Ospennikov

Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor of Samara National Research University, Samara. E-mail: desmandado@yandex.ru

The significance of the 1582 sentence in the anti-corruption policy of Ivan IV

Abstract

Subject / Topic Such a specific-historical form of corruption as false accusations and falsification of official documents is identified and considered. The verdict of March 12, 1582, which summed up several decades of anti-corruption policy of the government of Ivan IV, is analyzed in detail, the contradictory and limited nature of this policy is revealed, which determined its results by the end of the 16th century.

Goals / Objectives Identification of specific-historical forms characteristic of the early stage of the evolution of corruption, objective grounds of corruption, approaches to counteracting it. On the basis of a clarification of scientific insights into the early stage of the evolution of corruption, it was possible to counter it more effectively in modern society.

Methodology The study is based on a historical-materialistic and dialectical approach to identifying corruption as a social and legal phenomenon.

Conclusion and Relevance Based on an analysis of regulations and narrative sources, a form of corruption has been identified as false accusations for the purpose of seizing property. As part of the fight against this form of corruption during the administration of Ivan IV, a number of measures were taken that produced limited results. To replace those forms of corruption that have been partially overcome, new ones have emerged, The main reason for the failure of the Government of Ivan IV in the fight against corruption is the failure of the measures taken to address the material bases of specific forms of corruption, As a result, the new management structures have been exposed to corruption as much as previous ones.

Keywords: history of law, corruption, forms of corruption, perjury, anti-corruption, Moscow state.

References:

Shumakov (1895) – Shumakov S. Gubnye and zemskiegramoty of the Moscow State.[Gubnye i zemskiegramotyMoskovsko-go gosudarstva]. M., 1895. 247 p.

Shtaden  (2003) – Shtaden G. Country and rule of Moscow (notes of the German oprichnik)//Russia of the 16th century. Memoirs of foreigners [Strana i pravleniemoskovitov (zapiskinemca-oprichnika) // Rossiya XVI veka. Vospominaniyainostrancev].Smolensk, 2003. P. 380-430.

Gerbershtejn (2008) – Gerbershtejn S. Notes about Moscow state: In 2 vol./under ed. A.L. Khoroshkevich. V.I.: Latin and German texts, Russian translations from Latin A.I. Maleina and A.V. Nazarenko, from Rannenovoverchenemetsky A.V. Nazarenko[Zapiski o Moskovii: V 2 t. / pod red. A.L. Horoshkevich. T.I: Latinskij i nemeckijteksty, russkieperevody s latinskogo A.I. Maleina i A.V. Nazarenko, s rannenovoverhnenemeckogo A.V. Nazarenko]. M., 2008. 776 p.

Kolycheva (1971) – Kolycheva E.I. Holopstvoand serfdom (late XV-XVI century) [Holopstvo i krepostnichestvo (konec XV-XVI v.)].M., 1971. – 256 p.

Zolotuhina (2015) – Zolotuhina N.M.Gorivarevdiac Ivan Timofeev: «The appointment of officials to high positions is a serious and responsible matter» // LexRussica (Russian Law)[Gosudarevd’yak Ivan Timofeev: «Naznacheniechinovnikovnavysokiedolzhnosti –  ser’eznoe i otvetstvennoedelo» // LexRussica (Russkijzakon)]. 2015. V. 104. №7.P. 86-102.

Spisok (2003) – List of oprichniki of Ivan Grozny/ Prep.of thetext by D. N. Alshitz//Handwritten monuments [SpisokoprichnikovIvanaGroznogo / Podg. teksta D. N. Al’shica // Rukopisnyepamyatniki]. V. 7. SPb., 2003. 152 p.

Ospennikov (2019) – Ospennikov Yu.V.Directions of combating corruption in the law of the Moscow State of the 16th century // Juridical Journal of Samara University [Napravleniyaprotivodejstviyakorrupcii v prave Moskovskogo gosudarstva XVI v. // YUridicheskijvestnikSamarskogouniversiteta]. 2019. V.5. № 3.P. 15-19.

90
NSTITUTIONAL LAW

Elena D. Kostyleva

Сandidate of law, Associate Professor, Senior researcher of the direction constitutional and legal studies Center for justice research, Russian state University of justice, Moscow. E-mail: helen161969@rambler.ru

Constitutional values and goals as restrictions on human rights and freedoms in decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

Abstract

Subject/theme The subject of the research is the analysis of constitutional values and goals as restrictions on human rights and freedoms.

Goals/objectives The aim is to study the decisions of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the context of the interpretation and application of the norms defining the rules of constitutional restrictions of rights and freedoms.

Methodology The methodological basis of the research consists of General methods of knowledge; General scientific methods: system, logical method, analysis, synthesis; private scientific methods: method of comparative law and formal legal method.

Conclusion The study concluded that the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the process of interpretation and application of the norms defining the rules of constitutional restrictions of human rights and freedoms must ensure a reasonable balance of private and public interests and comply with the constitutional requirement that restrictions can only be proportionate to constitutionally significant values and goals. The legislator (both Federal and regional), when establishing legal responsibility, must act strictly within the limits of the discretionary powers granted to him and consistently comply with the constitutional requirements of necessity, proportionality and proportionality of restrictions on human rights and freedoms.

Keywords: constitutional values and goals, restriction of human rights and freedoms, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

References:

  1. Kostyleva (2020) – Kostyleva E.D. The constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of human rights: common approaches and differences in understanding constitutional restrictions on rights and freedoms [Konstitucionnyj Sud RF i Evropejskij Sud po pravam cheloveka: obshchie podhody i razlichiya v ponimanii konstitucionnogo ogranicheniya prav i svobod]// Modern lawyer. 2020. № 1 (30). Pp. 114-129.
  2. Umnova-Konyukhova, Kostyleva (2020) – Umnova-Konyukhova I.A., Kostyleva E.D. Application of the principle of proportionality by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in assessing the constitutionality of restrictions on rights and freedoms in decisions [Primenenie Konstitucionnym Sudom RF principa proporcional’nosti pri ocenke konstitucionnosti ogranichenij prav i svobod v resheniyah] // Modern lawyer. 2020. № 1 (30). Pp. 130-144.

99

Yuliya E. Kurilyuk

candidate of Law, Master of Law, associate professorof Department of the legal regulation of economic activity, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial University).

E-mail: yuliya-kurilyuk@yandex.ru

Family values in the balance of public and private interests: legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of human rights

Abstract

Subject / Topic The subject of the study was the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights on issues related to family values, which the author proposes to consider as universal benefits supported by the state and the majority of members of society, enshrined directly in the text of the constitution or taken out of the practice of constitutional review bodies.

Goals / Objectives Formulation of the concept of family values; comparison of approaches of courts to the definition of family, the emergence of relations between children and parents, the possibility of administrative expulsion of foreign citizens with a family and(or) children in Russia, the measure of rights of HIV-infected persons with families, the priority of children’s rights; determining the possibility of restrictions on rights related to family relations, depending on the protected private or public interests.

Methodology The methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, inductive, hermeneutic methods were used.

Conclusion and Relevance Family valuesare universally recognized, but their understanding is not universal, which is also demonstrated in the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights; in the first case, family values are opposed to the restriction of other rights, in the second – they themselves become the basis of the right to respect for family life. In Russian practice, in solving issues of administrative expulsion of foreign citizens having families in Russia, public interest prevails, however, when considering cases, it is necessary to carefully consider the actual value of opposed interests.

Keywords: Constitutional Court, European Court of human rights, Constitution, European Convention, constitutional values, family, right to respect for private and family life, balance of public and private interests.

References:

Ageeva, Banshchikova (2018) – Ageeva A.V., Banshchikova S.L. Family as a constitutional value in the Russian Federation // VestnikOmskojyuridicheskojakademii. 2018. T. 15. № 1. P. 29-34.

Artem’ev A., Mihajlova A. Strasbourg has obliged the Italians to recognize same-sex civil unions // RBK. 21.07.2015. URL: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/21/07/ 2015/55ae50369a7947006892a5c7 (data obrashcheniya: 11.05.2015).

Bakaeva, Pogodina (2011) – Bakaeva O.YU., Pogodina N.A. On the relationship between private and public interests // ZHurnalrossijskogoprava. 2011. № 4. P. 36-47.

Kazanceva, Vorob’eva (2013) – Kazanceva O.L., Vorob’eva M.N. Respect for the balance of constitutional values in decisions of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and constitutional (statutory) courts // IzvestiyaAltajskogogosudarstvennogouniversiteta. № 2-2 (78). 2013. P. 110-113.

Kurilyuk (2020) – Kurilyuk YU.E. The European Court of Human Rights and Russian Electoral Legislation: Common Ground and Vectors of Development // Gumanitarnyenauki. VestnikFinansovogouniversiteta. 2020;10(2):18- 23. DOI: 10.26794/ 2226-7867-2020-10-2 -18-23. P. 18-23.

Mamonov (2013) – Mamonov V.V. Constitutional values of modern Russia // VestnikSaratovskojgosudarstvennojyuridicheskojakademii. № 4 (93). 2013. P. 125-132.

Narutto (2017) – Narutto S.V. Family as a constitutional value // Aktual’nyeproblemyrossijskogoprava. 2017. № 5. P. 21-30.

Nesmeyanova (2017) – Nesmeyanova S.E. On the question of the hierarchy of constitutional values // Pravovayaparadigma. 2017. T. 16. № 4. P. 71-74.

Panin (2013) – Panin V.S. Actual marital relations: problems of theory, legislation and practice: Avtoref. dis.  … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2013.

110
INTERNATIONAL RIGHT

Petr I. Chuvahin

Lecturer, Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activities at Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil Law Disciplines at Russian University of Economics G.V. Plekhanova, Moscow. E-mail: Chuvakhin.petr@yandex.ru

International legal issues of the responsibility of the international financial organizations

Abstract

Subject/topic The subject of the research is the problem of the implementation of the responsibility of international financial organizations in accordance with international law.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is to identify the international legal nature of the responsibility of international organizations, the problems of implementing the responsibility of international financial organizations

Methodology The methods of expert assessments, generalizing indicators, the method of system analysis were used.

Conclusion This study examined the issues of the international legal nature of the responsibility of international financial organizations.

The international legal responsibility of international financial organizations, as a consequence of the legal personality of these organizations, is the obligation of an international financial organization to undergo the adverse effects of its international wrongful act. The main provisions of the responsibility of international organizations and states do not differ much, in addition, the provisions on the responsibility of international organizations are based on similar provisions on the responsibility of states. Therefore, it is worth considering their features in conjunction. The problems of holding an international financial organization accountable lie in the absence of normative fixing of specific sanctions, in matters of guilt and harm, as mandatory elements of an organization’s unlawful act, in assigning a specific act of an organization, in matters of competent authorities that can hold an international financial organization accountable. The solution to most of these problems, in our opinion, could be a single codified normative act that comprehensively regulates liability issues. The prototype of such an act is the already existing Draft in a flock on the responsibility of international organizations, but it needs to be finalized, as well as to give it binding force.

Keywords: international financial organizations, responsibility of states, responsibility of international organizations, international treaties, draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations.

References:

Solntsev A.M., Klyunya (2013) – Solntsev A.M., Klyunya A.Yu. Issues of development of the institute of responsibility of international organizations [Voprosy razvitiya instituta otvetstvennosti mezhdunarodnyh organizacij] // Bulletin of international organizations: education, science, new economy. 2013.P. 130.

Shaw (1928) – Shaw M. N. International law [International law]. Cambridge, 1997. P. 919. See also: Green M. International Law. Law of Peace. London, 1982. P.223.

Lukashuk (2004) – Lukashuk I.I. The law of international responsibility [Pravo mezhdunarodnoj otvetstvennosti]. M., 2004.P. 109.

Zamyatin (2005) – Zamyatin V.Yu. Responsibility of international organizations [Otvetstvennost’ mezhdunarodnyh organizacij]. Dis. Cand. legal sciences. Moscow. 2005.P. 79.

Meleshnikov (1985) – Meleshnikov A.V. International legal responsibility: concept, procedural issues of implementation [Mezhdunarodno-pravovaya otvetstvennost’: ponyatie, processual’nye voprosy realizacii]: author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. L., 1985.P. 18.

122
BUSINESS LAW

Kseniya I. Korobko

candidate of legal ciences,  associate professor,  head of the department of civil law and procedure at Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin,  Syktyvkar, Russia. E-mail: treshkina@mail.ru

Innovative character of entrepreneurship in the field of medical activity

Abstract

Subject / topic The subject of scientific analysis in the framework of this article is the study of entrepreneurial activity in the field of medicine from the point of view of the possibility of classifying it as a type of entrepreneurial activity that has an innovative character.

Goals / objectives A legal analysis of a number of regulatory legal acts governing the general provisions of innovative activity in general, as well as in the refraction of medical activity, has been carried out. The main objectives of the study include identifying the impact of innovation on the content and nature of entrepreneurial activity in medicine.

Methodology We used logical techniques (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction), general scientific and private scientific methods: comparative, system-structural, formal-legal.

Conclusion Based on the study, the author concludes that the innovative nature can be distinguished as an essential feature of entrepreneurial activity in the field of medical activity at the present stage of development of the considered social relations.

Keyword: entrepreneurial activity, medical activity, innovative activity, innovative character, biotechnologies, telemedicine, assisted reproductive technologies

References:

Kleandrov (2015) – Kleandrov M.I. O neobhodimosti obreteniya nezaregistrirovannyim predprinimatelem legalnogo statusa // Predprinimatelskoe pravo. 2015. № 3. P. 3-13.

Predprinimatelskoe pravo Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Uchebnik / E.G. Afanaseva, A.V. Belitskaya, V.A. Vaypan i dr.; otv. red. E.P. Gubin, P.G. Lahno. 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: NORMA, INFRA-M, 2017. 992 p.

Syipabekov, Tulembaev (2015) – Syipabekov S.Zh., Tulembaev A.N. Osobennosti innovatsionnoy deyatelnosti v meditsine // Neyrohirurgiya i nevrologiya Kazahstana. 2015. № 3 (40). P. 3.

Mohov (2019) – Mohov A.A. Eksperimentalnyiy pravovoy rezhim kak spetsialnyiy pravovoy rezhim dlya drayverov innovatsionnoy ekonomiki // Yurist. 2019. № 8. P. 19-25.

Drueva (2014) – Drueva A.A. Pravovoe polozhenie uchastnikov innovatsionnoy deyatelnosti: Avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Moskva. 2014.

Antipina (2014) – Antipina E.V. Innovatsionnaya kontseptsiya predprinimatelstva Y. Shumpetera: teoreticheskie aspektyi // Vestnik Rossiyskogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta im. G.V. Plehanova. 2014. №10. P. 29-39.

Mardanshina (2012) – Mardanshina E.A. Pravovoe polozhenie sub’ektov innovatsionnoy deyatelnosti v sfere predprinimatelstva: Avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M. 2012.

Tuskaev (2011) – Tuskaev G.G. Pravovoe regulirovanie innovatsionnoy predprinimatelskoy deyatelnosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Moskva, 2011.

Grazdich, Shustova, Ermolaeva (2016) – Grazdich D.P., Shustova K.A., Ermolaeva E.V. Predprinimatelstvo v meditsine // Byulleten meditsinskih internet-konferentsiy. 2016. T. 6. № 1. P. 192.

Kosheleva (2013) – Kosheleva T.N. Maloe predprinimatelstvo kak element nakopleniya predposyilok stanovleniya natsionalnoy innovatsionnoy sistemyi v usloviyah predstoyaschih preobrazovaniy zdravoohraneniya // Nauchno-metodicheskiy elektronnyiy zhurnal Kontsept. 2013. № T3. P. 486-490.

134

Sergey V. Kurochkin

Mongerine LLC, Head of Legal Consulting Department, post-graduate student, Department of Business law at the Faculty of Law of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, E-mail: kurochkinsv@yandex.ru

Academic Supervisor: Evgeny P. Gubin, Doctor of Law, Professor, Head of the Department of Business Law, Faculty of Law, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

E-mail: e.p.gubin@mail.ru

Notion of the sovereign wealth funds: legal aspects

Abstract

Subject / topic Social relations arising during the establishment and functioning of the sovereign wealth funds.

Goals / objectives Analysis of the approaches towards the definition of sovereign wealth funds proposed in the Russian and international doctrine and practice. Identification of the legal nature of the sovereign wealth funds as a unique type of sovereign investors. Development of a definition of the sovereign wealth funds for the purposes of legal regulation.

Methodology General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge: analytical, comparative, systemic, logical, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy and others.

Conclusion and Relevance Most of the definitions contained in the studies and documents of international organizations do not take into account the specifics of the legal nature of the sovereign wealth funds and are not sufficiently capacious and (or) accurate. The definition of the sovereign wealth funds must be formulated while recognizing the key goal of legal regulation of their activities – minimizing the sovereign risks of the host state when investing in strategically important companies by a foreign sovereign wealth fund. The definition proposed in this study will help build the foundations for the effective regulation of sovereign wealth funds and subsequent classification of the sovereign wealth funds.

Keywords: sovereign wealth fund, SWF, concept of the sovereign wealth fund, legal notion of the sovereign wealth fund, legal regulation of the sovereign wealth funds, sovereign investors, SOE, Santiago Principles, Russian Direct Investment Fund, RDIF, National Wealth Fund, NWF.

References:

Bassan (2011) – Bassan F. The law of sovereign wealth funds. – Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011.

Rozanov (2005) – Rozanov A. Who holds the wealth of nations //Central Banking Journal. 2005. Т. 15. №. 4. P. 52-57.

Mezzacapo (2009) – Mezzacapo S. et al. The so-called” sovereign wealth funds”: regulatory issues, financial stability and prudential supervision. – Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission, 2009. №. 378.

Doraev (2012) – cited: Doraev M.G. Sovereign wealth funds as objects of international capital markets (legal aspects) [Suverennyye fondy kak sub”yekty mezhdunarodnogo rynka kapitalov (pravovyye aspekty)] // The Moscow International Law Journal [Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava]. 2012. № 1. P. 229-240.

Kudryashov (2015) – cited: Kudryashov V.V. International regulation of the sovereign wealth funds: monograph [Mezhdunarodno-pravovoye regulirovaniye suverennykh finansovykh institutov: monografiya] // M.: Financial University, 2015.

Kazakevich (2009) – Kazakevich P.A. Sovereign wealth funds on the stock markets: Doctor of Economic Science thesis [Suverennyye fondy blagosostoyaniya na rynkakh tsennykh bumag: dis. k.e.n.] / M. 2009.

Beck, Fidora (2008) – Beck R., Fidora M. The impact of sovereign wealth funds on global financial markets //Intereconomics. 2008. Т. 43. №. 6. P. 349-358.

International Working Group et al. Sovereign Wealth Fund – A Work Agenda by International Monetary Fund // Access point: https://www.imf.org/external/np/ pp/eng/2008/022908.pdf;

International Working Group et al. Sovereign Wealth Funds Generally Accepted Principles and Practices:‘Santiago Principles’. 2008.

Kurochkin (2017) – Kurochkin S.V. Sovereign wealth funds: notion and characteristics [Suverennyye fondy: ponyatiye i priznaki] // Business Law. Application «Law and Business». 2017. № 3.

143

Anatoly N. Levushkin

doctor of law, Professor, Professor of the Department of civil law, Moscow, Russia, «Russian state University of justice»; Acting head of the Department of civil law, Moscow, Russia, «Moscow state regional University»; Professor of the Department of civil law disciplines, Moscow, Russia, «Moscow city pedagogical University» (MGPU).

E-mail: lewuskin@mail.ru

Irina К. Kuzmina

PhD in law, associate Professor of the Department of civil and business law, Ulyanovsk state University,Ulyanovsk, Russia.

E-mail: kuzminaik@bk.ru

Trends in the fulfillment of business obligations in law enforcement

Abstract

Subject/theme The subject of the research is social relations that develop when fulfilling obligations in law enforcement activities.

Goals//objectives The purpose of the research is to provide a legal analysis of some trends in the performance of business obligations in law enforcement activities based on the study of materials of judicial and arbitration practice.

Methodology The methodological basis of this work is General scientific methods of cognition of legal phenomena, such as synthesis, the method of analogy, formal logic, and others, as well as private scientific methods of research of contractual regulation.

Conclusion Determining the legal nature and trends in the performance of business obligations is currently the most debatable and fundamental issue of importance for law enforcement of contractual activities, especially in relation to business obligations. Their study is not only necessary from the point of view of doctrine, but also has an important practical significance, since the legal content of actions to fulfill an obligation depends on its correct understanding and qualification. Since the performance of business obligations may consist in the performance of various legal actions, then the performance of the obligation can be carried out as a legal act (transaction), and a legal act, however, in most cases, the performance of the obligation is a legally significant act.

Keywords:obligations, performance of obligations, contract, freedom of contract, business activity, judicial and arbitration practice, subject of the contract.

References:

Kuzmina (2019) – Kuzmina I.K. Interconnectedness of transactions in the economic activity of legal entities: theory and practice of application [Vzaimosvyazannost’ sdelok v hozyajstvennoj deyatel’nosti yuridicheskih lic: teoriya i praktika primeneniya]// Law and Economics. 2019. №. 4. P. 40 – 45.

Ilyushina (2016) – Ilyushina M.N. Novellas of the civil code of Russia on liability in obligative relations of persons engaged in business activities [Novelly GK Rossii ob otvetstvennosti v obyazatel’stvennyh otnosheniyah lic, osushchestvlyayushchih predprinimatel’skuyu deyatel’nost’] // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. 2016. №. 7. Pp. 43-49.

Levushkin (2018) – Levushkin A.N. Organizational business contracts in the system of norms of the law of obligations and judicial practice [Organizacionnye predprinimatel’skie dogovory v sisteme norm obyazatel’stvennogo prava i sudebnoj praktike] // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. 2018. №. 8. Рр. 30 – 35.

Levushkin (2014) – Levushkin A.N., Fedechko F.I. the Legal essence of an unnamed contract and its implementation within the framework of the principle of freedom of contract [Pravovaya sushchnost’ nepoimenovannogo dogovora i realizaciya ego v ramkah principa svobody dogovora] // Legal world. 2014. №. 4. Pp. 27-30.

Levushkin (2018) – Levushkin A.N. Special contractual constructions: framework, option and subscription contracts [Special’nye dogovornye konstrukcii: ramochnyj, opcionnyj i abonentskij dogovory]// Actual problems of Russian law. 2018. №. 2. Рр. 19 – 26.

Khalfina (1954) – Khalfina R.O. Тhe Meaning and essence of the contract in the Soviet socialist civil law / Ed. V. N. Mozheyko[Znachenie i sushchnost’ dogovora v sovetskom socialisticheskom grazhdanskom prave]. M.: Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1954. 239 p.

Kulakov (2016) – Kulakov V.V. Law of Obligations: Textbook [Obyazatel’stvennoe pravo: Uchebnoe posobie]. Moscow: rsup, 2016. 186 p.

Agarkov (2019) – Agarkov M.M. Civil and commercial law: sources, categories, institutions, constructions. Pedagogical heritage. In 3 kN. Book 2: studies. manual for bachelor’s and master’s degrees [Grazhdanskoe i torgovoe pravo: istochniki, kategorii, instituty, konstrukcii. Pedagogicheskoe nasledie. V 3 kn. Kniga 2: ucheb. posobie dlya bakalavriata i magistratury]. Moscow: yurayt, 2019. 323 p.

Gambarov (1879) – Gambarov Yu.S. Voluntary and gratuitous activities in the interest of others outside the contractual relationship and not according to the law. Issue 1. Public interest in civil law [Dobrovol’naya i bezvozmezdnaya deyatel’nost’ v chuzhom interese vne dogovornogo otnosheniya i ne po predpisaniyu zakona. Vypusk 1. Obshchestvennyj interes v grazhdanskom prave. М., 1879. XVII, 196, XVII р.

Ananyeva (2011) – Ananyeva K.Y. Proper subject of fulfillment of obligations [Nadlezhashchij predmet ispolneniya obyazatel’stv]// Legal science. 2011. №. 1. P. 20-26.

Solomin (2012) – Solomin S. K. Loss of an irreplaceable object of performance of an obligation [Utrata nezamenimogo predmeta ispolneniya obyazatel’stva] // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Right. 2012. №. 4(6). Pp. 110-117.

Kupriyanova L.M., Nikolyukin (2019) – Kupriyanova L.M., Nikolyukin S.V. Features of the license agreement [Osobennosti licenzionnogo dogovora]// The modern lawyer. 2019. №. 3. P. 38 – 52.

Levushkin A. N., Zgonnikov (2019) – Levushkin A.N., Zgonnikov A.P. Collection activity as a type of economic activity in the Russian Federation: theory and practice of application [Kollektorskaya deyatel’nost’ kak vid ekonomicheskoj deyatel’nosti v Rossijskoj Federacii: teoriya i praktika primeneniya] // Law and Economics. 2019. № 4. P. 5-12.

151
LABOUR LAW

Prizhennikova A.N.

Ph. D., associate Professor, associate Professor of the Department of legal regulation of economic activity of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow.

E-mail: alenaprizhen@mail.ru

Features of labor regulation older persons

Abstract

Subject In Russia, the pension reform continues in this regard, the issue of considering the legal status of an employee of pre-retirement age, namely the need for detailed legal regulation of the employee’s work, is relevant.

Within the framework of the Federal project «Older generation» of the national project «Demography», with the support of the state budget, it is indicated to improve skills or obtain a new profession. Under this Project, pre-retirement Russians will be able to realize their professional qualities, have the opportunity to get a different education, and retrain, which will improve their quality of life.

The article analyzes the provisions of legislation regulating certain aspects of the work of pre-retirement workers. The author identifies problems in the field of legal regulation of labor of pre-retirement workers.

Goals/tasks The article substantiates the need for further legislative regulation of the labor of this category of persons in order to improve the legal situation, taking into account the principle of non-discrimination in the field of labor.

Methodology Methods of analysis, synthesis, description, comparison, historical method, method of comparative law, methods of formal logic were used.

Conclusion Finally, we propose legislative mechanisms that facilitate the employment of people who have difficulties in finding work. To do this, it is necessary to introduce regulatory requirements for working conditions for the older generation (except for positions and professions where age restrictions are set at the legislative level). Regulations that regulate at the legislative level may include additional breaks, flexible working hours, a ban on involving persons over 60 years of age in overtime and night work without the consent of the employee, additional days of vacation, conclusion of an indefinite employment contract, remote work, etc.

The author comes to the conclusion that further research on this issue and more detailed regulation is necessary.

Keywords: older persons, pre-retirement age, employment, labor relations, working hours, labor contract, labor legislation.

References:

Galanina A. Not coming to the building: Russians will sometimes be allowed to work from home [Ne prihodya v zdanie: rossiyanam razreshat inogda rabotat’ iz doma] // URL: https://iz.ru/907592/angelina-galanina/ne-prikhodia-v-zdanie-rossiianam-razreshat-inogda-rabotat-iz-doma (accessed: 14.08.2019).

Danilov (2016) – Danilov S. Professional Standards: who and how to apply [Profstandarty: komu i kak primenyat] // Practical accounting. 2016. № 7. // SPS «Garant».

Quote by Vasiliev (2010) – Vasiliev V. What kind of modernization does the Labor code need? [Kakaya modernizaciya nuzhna Trudovomu kodeksu?]// Trudovoe pravo. – 2010. № 6 // Shestakova E. E. Employment of older age groups: European experience in using active strategies [Zanyatost’ lic starshih vozrastnyh grupp: evropejskij opyt ispol’zovaniya aktivnyh strategij] // Trudovoe pravo. 2006. № 11. P. 71.

Quote by Gorokhova (2019) – Gorokhova S. S. On legislative support for improving professional standardization of financial market specialists [O zakonodatel’nom obespechenii sovershenstvovaniya professional’noj standartizacii specialistov finansovogo rynka] // The Russian justice. 2019. № 9. // Council for professional qualifications of the financial market [Sovet po professional’nym kvalifikaciyam finansovogo rynka] // URL: https://asprof.ru/ok/perechen_naimenovaniy  // SPS «Consultant Plus».

Chaika (2019) – Chaika L. N. Features of legal regulation of labor of pre-retirement workers [Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya truda predpensionnyh rabotnikov] //Law and Economics. 2019. № 11 // SPS «Consultant Plus».

167
CRIMINAL LAW

Sergey P. Stavilo

Candidate of legal Sciences, associate Professor, Department of criminal law and criminology Novorossiysk branch of Krasnodar University

of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, Novorossiysk.

E-mail: Stavilodallad@yandex.ru

Common criminal-legal characteristics and classification of the terrorist crimes and extremist

Abstract:

Subject/Topic In this article are criminal law providing for criminal responsibility for terrorist crimes and extremist, and the particulars of their criminal-legal characteristics and classification.

Goals/Objectives It is an attempt to give a General criminal-legal characteristic of crimes of a terrorist nature and extremist orientation and on the basis of this to present a classification of the crimes under consideration, identifying their features.

The methodology is represented by General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, and the formal legal method.

Methodology The methodology is represented by General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, formal legal method.

Conclusion and Relevance The article reveals the General criminal-legal characteristic of the crimes of terrorist nature and extremist orientation, emphasizes their social danger, which is determined by the fact that they are aimed at the interests of the whole society as an integral complex formation consisting of a huge number of diverse social groups, States that these crimes threaten the security of the existence of society, the individual, infringe on the spiritual and material values, the security of society and the state, cause and pose a threat of causing a variety of harm (damage). Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the elements of terrorist crimes and extremist orientation, the characteristics of the signs of these crimes and the disclosure of their features. The paper presents a classification of crimes of a terrorist nature and extremist orientation, which can be based on the characteristics of the object of the attack, the content and role of various types of extremist activity, the degree of their public danger, may depend on the specific features of such activity and their consideration as the main qualifying or particularly qualifying circumstances of specific compositions of the crimes in question or as an aggravating circumstance in accordance with paragraph «e» of part 1 of article 63 of the criminal code.

Keywords: public danger, corpus delicti, extremism, terrorism, classification of crimes.

References:

Gabidullin (2019) – Gabidullin E. S. About the main direct object of the attack of a terrorist act and terrorist activity [Ob osnovnom neposredstvennom ob”ekte posyagatel’stva terroristicheskogo akta i terroristicheskoj deyatel’nosti  ] // Russian investigator [Rossijskij sledovatel’]. 2019.  № 1. P. 42-46.

Litvyak, Troitskaya, Bondarev  (2016) – Litvyak L. G., Troitskaya E. V., Bondarev S. P. Problems of qualification of crimes of an extremist orientation [Problemy kvalifikacii prestuplenij ekstremistskoj napravlennosti]. Krasnodar: Krasnodar University of the Russian interior Ministry [Krasnodar: Krasnodarskij universitet MVD Rossii], 2016. 84 p.

Rueva, Vrazhnov (2019) – Rueva E. O., Vrazhnov A. S. Problems of definition formulation in extremist crimes [Problemy formulirovaniya definicij v prestupleniyah ekstremistskoj napravlennosti ] // Russian investigator [Rossijskij sledovatel’]. 2019.  № 4. P. 36-40.

On countering terrorism. The Federal law from March, 6th, 2006 № 35-FZ // Sz the Russian Federation. 2006. № 30. St. 1146.

On countering extremist activities. Federal law № 114-FZ of July 25, 2002 // Sz RF. 2002. № 30. St.3031.

174
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW  

Sergey I. Girko

Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia Research Institute, chief research fellow Doctor of Law, professor, Moscow.

E-mail: syvorina959134@mail.ru

System of evidence in pre-trial proceedings in cases with a unified procedural form

Abstract:

Subject/topic System of evidence in pre-trial proceedings in cases with a unified procedural form

Goals/tasks Analysis of problematic issues related to the system of evidence in pre-trial proceedings under the criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation. The author believes that the differentiation of the procedural form of pre-trial proceedings determines that each of them has its own unique system of proof, including the subject of proof, sources (procedural means) of obtaining information recognized as evidence, which, on the example of an inquiry in abbreviated form, requires appropriate changes in legislation.In the article the author based on the analysis of theoretical bases of problems of proof in criminal pretrial proceedings, form their point of view on the subject of the system of proof for a unified procedural form, projects it onto regulated in the code of criminal procedure procedure procedure of inquiry in abbreviated form. The author presents his view on the subject and limits of proof, the process and means of proof in the framework of unified pre-trial proceedings.

Methodology Analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, problem statement, hypothesis building, specification, monitoring.

Conclusion Based on the analysis of the legislation and the author’s approach to the content of the legal institution of procedural forms, the conclusion that the system of proof in cases in which the inquiry is carried out in an abbreviated form, needs some separation in a special Chapter of the criminal procedure code regulating the above-mentioned legal Institute.

Keywords: the subject of proof, the limits of proof, the process of proof, the means of proof.

References:

Yakimovich (2013) – Yakimovich Yu. K. Bulletin of Udmurt University: Economics and law. [Bulleten Udmurtskogo universiteta: Ekonomika I pravo]. 2013. Issue 2. Pp. 203-208.

Golovko (2019 –  Golovko L. V. Police Reform in the context of modernization of pre-trial proceedings in the Russian criminal process [Reforma policii v kontexte dosudebnih procedur v Rossiiskom ugolovnom processes]. Internetresource – https://www.iuaj.net/node/484 -request from 22.07.2019.

Mikhailov (2006) –  Course of criminal proceedings [Kurs ugolovnogo processa]: Studies: In 3 vols./ Ed. V. A. Mikhailov. – Vol. 1: General provisions of criminal proceedings. Moscow: Publishing house of the Moscow psychological and social Institute; Voronezh: MODEK publishing house, 2006, P. 541.

Kuznetsov (2004) – Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language [Sovremennij tolkovij slovar Russkogo jazika] / Chief editor S. A. Kuznetsov. – M., reader’s Digest. 2004. P. 742.

Zhogin (1973) – Zhogin N. V. Theory of evidence in the Soviet criminal process [Teorija dokazatelstv v Sovetskom ugolovnom processe]. Ed. 2-E. M. 1973. P. 139.

Solovyov (2003) – Solovyov A.B.Proving under the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation (pre-trial stages).[Dosudebnoe proizvodstvo po Ugolovno-processualnomu Kodeksu Rossijskoj Federacii (dosudebnie stadia)]. Scientific and practical guide. Moscow: publishing house «Yurlitinform», 2003. P. 36.

Petrukhin (2001) – Criminal proceedings.[Ugolovnij process]. Textbook [Uchebnik].Edited by Prof. I. L. Petrukhina, Moscow: Prospekt Publishing House, 2001, P. 150.

Karneeva (1971) –  Karneeva L. M. Bringing to criminal responsibility. Legality and validity. [Privlechenije k ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti. Zakonnost I obosnovannost]. Moscow, 1971. P. 104.

Savitsky, Larin (1999) – Savitsky V. M., Larin A.M. criminal process. Dictionary-reference. [Ugolovnij process. Slovarj-spravochnik]. Moscow, 1999. P. 122.

Solovyov (2003) –  Solovyov A. B. Proving under the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation (pre-trial stages). [Dosudebnoe proizvodstvo po Ugolovno-processualnomu Kodeksu Rossijskoj Federacii (dosudebnie stadia)]. Scientific and practical guide. Moscow: publishing house «Yurlitinform», 2003. – 264 p.

Yakimovich, Pan (2003) – Yakimovich Yu. K., Pan T. D. Pre-Trialproceedings under the criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation (participants in pre-trial proceedings, evidence and proof, initiation of criminal proceedings, inquiry and preliminary investigation).[Dosudebnoje proizvodstvo po UPK Rossijskoj Federacii (uchastniki dosudebnogo proizvodstva, dokazatelstva I dokazivanije, vozbughdenije ugolovnogo dela, doznanije I predvaritelnoje sledstvije)]. – Saint Petersburg: publishing house «Legal center Press», 2003. – 297 p.

Instructions to police officers on detecting and investigating crimes of the Prosecutor of the Moscow Court Chamber. Collection and guide to the compilation of police reports with appendices. [Instrukcija chinam policii po obnaruzheniju I issledovaniju prestuplenij Prokurora Moskovskoj Sudebnoj Palati. Sbornik I pukovodstvo k sostavleniju policejskih protokolov s prloghenijami]. Publication of the Legal Bookstore of I. I. Zubkov, under the firm Zakonovedenie. St. Petersburg, Liteyny Ave., 53. 1911.

179
FINANCIAL  LAW  

Natalia N. Bocharova

senior lecturer, Department of financial law Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-don. E-mail: nbocharova@sfedu.ru

Anastasia V. Paliy

law student Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-don. E-mail: nassplly@mail.ru

Vladislav I.Nosalyev

law student Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-don E-mail: nosaleff@icloud.com

Judicial financial control: comparative legal analysis of russian and foreign practice

Abstract

Subject/theme Object of research are public relations connected with realization of financial control by the judiciary studied the theoretical basis of financial control, the basic bodies carrying it, marked the debatable classification of ships to FSAs, studies foreign experience of financial control by the courts.

Goals/objectives The article is aimed at studying the theoretical and legal basis of financial control through the judiciary: analysis of the concept of «financial control»; review of the powers to exercise financial control of Russian authorities; study of foreign experience in the implementation of financial control by courts and its comparison with the Russian one.

Methodology The methodological basis of the research consists of: General methods of knowledge; General scientific methods, including the system and logical method, as well as analysis, synthesis and comparison; the main method has become formal-logical and comparative-legal.

Conclusion Despite the debatable nature of the issue, the authors came to the conclusion that the judicial power of Russia, along with the legislative and Executive, participates in the implementation of financial control.

Keywords: financial control; audits; judicial power; Executive power; legislative power; foreign experience

References:

Gasimov (2018) – Gasimov A.B. The concept and principles of tax control, its place in the financial control system [Ponyatie i principi nalogovogo kontrolya ego mesto v sisteme finansovogo kontrolya]//Theoretical & applied science. 2018 Р. 2.

Bokova (2016) – Bokova T.A. The concept of financial control. Classification of types of financial control // Education and science in modern conditions [Ponyatie finansovogo kontrolya. Klassifikaciya vidov finansovogo kontrolya]// Obrazovanie i nauka v sovremennih usloviyah. 2016. № 4 (9). Р. 1-3.

Abdulhanova (2011) – Abdulhanova I.A. Actual issues of classification of state financial control // Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Ser. 14. Issue 1 [Aktualnie voprosi klassifikacii gosudarstvennogo finansovogo kontrolya] //Vestnik Sankt_Peterburgskogo universiteta. Ser. 14. Vip. 1. 2011. №1. Р. 304-315.

Ilin, Moiseenko (2015) – Ilin A.Yu. Moiseenko M.A. Legal mechanisms for reforming internal state financial control // Financial Law.  [Pravovie mehanizmi reformirovaniya vnutrennego gosudarstvennogo finansovogo kontrolya] // Finansovoe pravo. 2015. № 4. Р. 8.

Arabyan (2014) – Arabyan K.K. Unified concept of financial control in the Russian Federation // Auditor. 2014. No. 2 [Edinaya koncepciya finansovogo kontrolya v Rossiiskoi Federacii] // Auditor. 2014. № 2.

Bazulin, Kozirin (2009) – Bazulin Yu.B., Kozirin A.N. Public finance and financial law. Information resources: Information resources: Textbook. [Publichnie finansi i finansovoe pravo. Informacionnie resursiInformacionnie resursi. Uchebnik]. M. 2009.

Vasileva, Naumova (2019) – Vasileva O.O., Naumova O.A. The role of state financial control in the medium term // News of the Institute of Management of SSEU. 2019.V 19. No. 1 [Rol gosudarstvennogo finansovogo kontrolya v srednesrochnoi perspektive/ Izvestiya instituta upravleniya SGEU]. 2019. T19. № 1, Р. 112-114.

Dolgina (2017) – Dolgina D.O. Organization of budget control in foreign countries. Abstract. diss …. cand. economics.  [Organizaciya byudjetnogo kontrolya v zarubejnih stranah]. Аvtorif. diss. 2017. Р. 45-52.

Samoilova (2008) – Samoilova L.M. Control over budget execution in France: the evolution of legal regulation: dis. Cand. legal sciences [Kontrol nad ispolneniem byudjeta vo Francii evolyuciya pravovogo regulirovaniya. Diss. kand. yurid. nauk.] M., 2008. Р.1-5.

Treschetenkova (1999) – Treschetenkova N.Yu. The legal status of the audit chambers (experience of foreign states) // Essays on the constitutional law of foreign states.  [Pravovoi status schetnih palat opit inostrannih gosudarstv] // Ocherki konstitucionnogo prava inostrannih gosudarstv. М., 1999. Р. 7-8.

Chhikvadze (2013) – Chhikvadze V.V. Legal basis of state financial control in Spain: dis. … cand. legal sciences.  [Pravovie osnovi gosudarstvennogo finansovogo kontrolya v Ispanii diss. … kand. yurid. nauk.] M., 2013. 205 р.

Programme des contrôles budgétaires de la commission des finances pour 2010. – [Elektronnii resurs]. – Rejim dostupa_ https_//www.senat.fr/commission/fin/ controle/ prog 2010.html.

Vasileva (2015) – Vasileva M.V. World experience in organizing state and municipal financial and the possibility of its application in Russia. Diss …. cand. econ.Science,  [Mirovoi opit organizacii gosudarstvennogo i municipalnogo finansovogo i vozmojnost ego primeneniya v Rossii». Diss… k.e.n ,] 2015. Р. 34-52.

Bartosh (2009) – Bartosh O.N. Institute for the Protection of Entrepreneurship under the Law of Foreign Countries // Young Scientist.  [Institut zaschiti subektov predprinimatelskoi deyatelnosti po zakonodatelstvu zarubejnih stran ]// Molodoi uchenii. 2009. № 7. Р. 154-160.

Gorlacheva (2019) – Gorlacheva M.I. Judicial appeal of decisions of tax authorities. Diss …. Cand. legal sciences. St. Petersburg [Sudebnoe objalovanie reshenii nalogovih organov. Dis.  kand. yurid. nauk. SPb.] 2002. Р. 41;

Konyuhova A.A. Settlement of tax disputes in Russia and Germany (analysis of the peculiarities of legal regulation). Diss …. Cand. legal science Razreshenie nalogovih sporov v Rossii i Germanii analiz osobennostei pravovogo regulirovaniya, dis. k.yu.n. 2019. Р.156-198.

Chernov (2016) – Chernov M.V. The development of financial control inarbitration proceedings. Abstract … Candidate of Economic Sciences [Razvitie finansovogo kontrolya v arbitrajnom sudoproizvodstve. Avt. diss…. k.e.n.,]  2016. Р. 34-35.

Artamonov (2011) – Artamonov V.A. Financial control and judicial system. Bulletin of the Ural Federal University T.18 [Finansovii kontrolya i sudebnaya sistema. Vestnik Uralskogo Federalnogo universiteta] T.18. 2011, № 6. Р.67-73.

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TRIBUNE YOUNG SCIENTIST  

Daniil M. Grigorev

student of the first 4 of the full-time law faculty Russian State University of Justice, Moscow. E-mail: daniilgrigorev@gmail.com

Scientific Leader: Tatiana A. Belyaeva, Senior Teacher of the Department of Civil Law Russian State University of Justice, Moscow. E-mail: mos.t@mail.ru

Modern legal situation of hostels in apartment buildings in the context of conformity with the purpose of the residential premises

Abstract

Subject / Topic Issues of modern legal situation of hostels and prospects of their development are considered. The latest legislative changes concerning the prohibition of accommodation of hostels and the provision of hotel services in residential premises are analysed.

Goals / Objectives Analysis of reform, identification of advantages and disadvantages of innovations and their consequences. Understanding the current legal situation of hostels and further prospects for their development.

Methodology The methodological basis of the study is the universal methods of knowledge, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, description, comparison.

Conclusion and Relevance «Hostel business» in modern Russia has reached a fundamentally new level. Owners clearly see the benefit in it, seek to develop hostels to European and world standards. Tourists also actively support the development of hostels, as, remaining a very budgetary option they, Nevertheless, take into account their basic and important location needs, Conditions, services, etc. However, developing and making profit, Owners began to neglect the basic requirements for mini-hotels, as a result of which the rights and residents of apartment buildings were violated, and breaches of safety have put lives and health at risk. Therefore, reform aimed at tightening and limiting the activities of hostels, requiring increased security and respect for human rights, seems to be perfectly justified.

Keywords: residential premises, purpose of residential premises, permanent residence, temporary residence, hostel, hostel requirements.

References:

National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 56184-2014 «Accommodation Facilities Services. General Requirements for Hostels» // Forsyth [Nacional’nyjstandart RF GOST R 56184-2014 «Uslugisredstvrazmeshcheniya. Obshchietrebovaniya k hostelam» // Forsajt]. Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of October 23, 2014 № 1393-st).

Hotels and similar accommodation facilities (2019)// Forsyth [Gostinicyianalogichnyesredstvarazmeshcheniya (2019) // Forsajt]. Rosstat [Electronic resource]. URL: www.gks.ru/ storage/mediabank/5-1-9(1).xlsx

Investigators determine the causes of the fire in the hostel in eastern Moscow, as a result of which people were injured (2019)/Website of the Main Investigation Department for Moscow of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation // Forsyth [Sledovateliustanavlivayutprichinyvozgoraniya v hostelenavostokeMoskvy, v rezul’tatekotorogopostradalilyudi (2019) / SajtGlavnogosledstvennogoupravleniyapo g. MoskveSledstvennogokomiteta RF// Forsajt] [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://moscow.sledcom.ru/news/item/1393312/

Criminal proceedings have been initiated in Perm for the death of people in a mini-hotel (2019)/Website of the Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation on the Perm region// Forsyth [V gorodePermivozbuzhdenou golovnoedelopofaktugibelilyudej v mini-otele (2019) / SajtSledstvennogoupravleniyaSledstvennogo komiteta RF poPermskomukrayu// Forsajt] [Electronic resource]. URL: https://perm.sledcom.ru/news/item/1430212/

The Law on Hostels was adopted in final version (2019)/Website of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation // Forsyth [Zakon o hostelahprinyat v okonchatel’nojredakcii (2019) / SajtGosudarstvennojDumyFederal’ nogoSobraniyaRossijskojFederacii// Forsajt][Electronic Resource]. URL: http://duma.gov.ru/news /30244/

Explanations of the law on prohibition of accommodation of hostels in apartments by the Federal Cadastral Chamber (2019)/Website of the Federal Cadastral Chamber // Forsyth [Raz”yasneniyadejstviyazakona o zapreterazmeshcheniyahostelov v kvartirahFederal’nojkadastrovojpalatoj (2019) / SajtFederal’nojkadastrovojpalaty// Forsajt][Electronic Resource]. URL: https://kadastr.ru/magazine/ news/kadastrovaya-palata- razyasnila-deystvie-zakona-o-zaprete- razmeshcheniya-khostelov-v- kvartirakh/

202

Maxim D.Guskov

student of the first 3 of the full-time law faculty Russian State University of Justice, Moscow. E-mail: gmaksim323@gmail.com.

Scientific  Leader:Marina V. Ulianova,сandidate of Law, Associate Professor of Department of Civil Law of The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University of Justice», Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: maryulianova14@gmail.com.

Right to housing

Abstract

The subject of this research is legal acts, scientific literature on the topic «the right to housing».

The purpose of this research is to study the right to housing in domestic and international legal acts, to study the forms of implementation of this right in the Housing code of the Russian Federation.

Tasks: determining the location of the «right to housing» in the human rights system, proposal more effective ways to implement the right to housing in the Russian Federation, offering opportunities for the emergence of a real estate market with affordable housing.

The methodological basis of the study consists in the use of general scientific (comparison, analysis and synthesis, the necessary arguments are used, concretization, systematic approach) and private scientific research methods: formal-legal, legal modeling, document analysis method.

Conclusion: this study reveals the importance of housing for each person, analyzes the features of legal regulation, provides positions in the scientific literature, and defines the role of the state in this issue. The author concludes that the forms of realization of the right to housing not sufficiently regulated in modern domestic legislation.

Keywords: human rights, right to housing, form of implementation, public authority.

References:

Alekseyev (2001) – Alekseyev S. S. Ascent to law: search and solutions[Voskhozhdenie k pravu: poiskiiresheniya]. M: NORMA, 2001. P. 323-324.

Kovler (2002) -Kovler A. I. Anthropology of law [Antropologiyaprava].  M: NORMA, 2002. P. 234-235 [in Russian].

Nersesyants (1999) – Nersesyants V. S. General theory of law and state[Obshchayateoriyapravaigosudarstva] . M: NORMA, 1999. P. 339 [in Russian].

Ulyanova (2015) – Ulyanova M. V. Realization by citizens of the right to improve housing conditions [Realizaciyagrazhdanamipravanauluc hsheniezhilishchnyhuslovij] // Russian justice. 2015. № 3(107). P. 29-35 [in Russian].

Nikolyukin (2015) – Nikolyukin S.V. The specifics of housing legal relations in modern Russian society // Modern Lawyer. 2015. № 3. P. 43 – 54 [in Russian].

208

Vitaliy S. Sbitnev

student of the Institute of Prosecutor’s Office of the University of O.E. Kutafina (MSAL). Е–mail: vitaly1404@mail.ru

Научныйруководитель Scientific adviser: Stepanenko Yuri Viktorovich – Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Administrative Law and Procedure of the O.E. University Kutafina, Moscow.

E-mail: Stepanenko.50@mail.ru

 

Involvement of minors in public events: innovations of russian legislation

Abstract

Subject/ Topic The possibility of applying in practice Part 1.1 of Article 20.2 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, which entered into force on December 27, 2018, is being considered. Shortcomings, problems, as well as ways to improve the institution of responsibility for involving minors in unauthorized public events are identified.

Goals / Objectives Improvement of legislation, in the sphere of prosecution of persons who have involved minors in unauthorized activities. Identification of the necessity and effectiveness of the new rule of law.

Methodology Methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, prediction and legal modelling were used.

Conclusion and Relevance The legislator should elaborate more specifically on Part 1.1 of Article 20.2 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation so that it can be effectively applied in practice and not discredit the state, because when introducing a new rule concerning the right of citizens to freedom of assembly, their constitutional rights cannot be restricted, otherwise society will be negative against the state.

Keywords:freedom of peaceful assembly, public events, demonstrations, minors.

References:

Antonova (2013) – Antonova L. B. The right of citizens to hold public events: concept, content and prospects of legal regulation: scientific article, M., [Pravo grazhdan na provedenie publichnyh meropriyatij: ponyatie, soderzhanie i perspektivy pravovogo regulirovaniya: nauchnaya stat’ya], M. 2013. P. 131-132.

Zhadan (2016) – Zhadan V. N. On Qualification of Involvement of a Minor in the Commission of a Crime//Monitoring of Law Enforcement. [O kvalifikacii vovlecheniya nesovershennoletnego v sovershenie prestupleniya // Monitoring pravoprimeneniya] 2016. № 2 (19). P. 44-46.

Ivanov (2015) – Ivanov A.O. Limits of Restriction of the Right to Public Events in the Russian Federation: thesis of Doctor of Legal Sciences, M., St. Petersburg [Predely ogranicheniya prava na publichnye meropriyatiya v rossijskoj federacii: dissertaciya doktora yuridicheskih nauk] 2015. P. 78-79.

Nudnenko (2006) – Nudnenko L.A. Problems of legal regulation of the constitutional right of a Russian citizen to public events//Constitutional and municipal law. M. Lawyer, [Problemy pravovogo regulirovaniya konstitucionnogo prava grazhdanina Rossii na publichnye meropriyatiya // Konstitucionnoe i municipal’noe pravo. M. Yurist,] 2006. № 6. P. 5-6.

Polyanskaya (2002) – Polyanskaya I.S. Constitutional and legal regulation of the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to holding meetings and demonstrations, processions and picketing: thesis Candidate of Law Sciences. [Polyanskaya I.S. Konstitucionno-pravovoe regulirovanie prava grazhdan rossijskoj federacii na provedenie sobranij, mitingov i demonstracij, shestvij i piketirovaniya: dissertaciya kandidat yuridicheskih nauk] M., 2002. P. 3-5.

Prikhodenko, Nazarenko (2016) – Prikhodko E. A., Nazarenko A. A. Russian Way to Democracy//Young Scientist. [Prihod’ko E. A., Nazarenko A. A. Rossijskij put’ k demokratii // Molodoj uchenyj] 2016. №7. P. 565-568.

Riekkinen (2017) – Riekkinen M. A. Participation of minors in public affairs from the perspective of the international law and the law of the Russian Federation // Society: Politics, Economics, Law. Publishing house: «HORS». [Uchastie nesovershennoletnih v obshchestvenno-politicheskoj zhizni s pozicij mezhdunarodnogo i rossijskogo prava //  Obshchestvo: Politika, Ekonomika, Pravo. Izd-vo:  «HORS»] 2017. № 12. P. 125-129.

Salenko (2019) – Salenko A.V. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly: «Children’s Meetings» and «Adult Sanctions»// Journal of Russian law, [Svoboda mirnyh sobranij: «detskie mitingi» i «vzroslye sankcii» // ZHurnal rossijskogo prava] 2019, P. 8. P. 52-54″.

213

Elizaveta A. Petelina

student of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Faculty of Law, 1 course, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: petelina-liza-mail.ru@mail.ru

Scientific adviser: Petyukova Oksana Nikolaevna, Doctor of Law, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activities of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow.

E-mail: opetyukova@fa.ru

Legal guarantees of social protection of veterans of the Great Patriotic war in the context of amendments of the Constitution of the Russian Federation

Abstract

Object Legal guarantees of social protection of veterans of the Great Patriotic war as an intergenerational continuity policy in the context of amendments

of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Goals/objectives Veterans of the great Patriotic war are a special category of the population. There is a need for a competent social policy in relation to this category of the population. The purpose of the work was to analyze the foreign experience of social protection of veterans, compare it with the national experience of social protection of this category of the population, as well as make proposals for optimizing the order of social protection of this category for more successful functioning, including taking into account socio-psychological measures to support veterans.

Methodology Methods of analysis, synthesis, description, comparison, historical method, method of comparative law, methods of formal logic were used.

Conclusion State policy should have a double effect on the life of veterans: on the one hand, improvement and material support for the life of veterans, and on the other hand, care and constant memory of their great feats.

Keywords: social protection, social policy, veterans.

References

The Constitution of the Russian Federation as amended. and an Addendum for 2020. Moscow: Eksmo, 2019. 32 p. (Laws and codes)

Law of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation from 14.03.2020 № 1-FKZ «on improving the regulation of certain issues of organization and functioning of public power» [Electronic resource]. // SPS «ConsultantPlus Technology TOP». – URL: http://www.consultant.ru/

Federal law «On veterans» dated 12.01.1995 № 5-FZ (the last version). [Electronic resource]. // SPS «ConsultantPlus Technology TOP». – URL:http://www.consultant.ru/

Federal law «on state social assistance» of 17.07.1999 № 178-FZ (latest version). [Electronic resource]. // SPS «ConsultantPlus Technology TOP». – URL:http://www.consultant.ru/

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 21.08.2012 N 1200 (ed. from 27.03.2020) «On the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on veterans ‘Affairs». [Electronic resource]. // SPS  «ConsultantPlus Technology TOP». – URL: http://www.consultant.ru/

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 13, 2019 № 277 «About the jubilee medal «75 years of Victory in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945». [Electronic resource]. // SPS «ConsultantPlus Technology TOP». – URL:http://www.consultant.ru/

Address of the President of Russia dated March 25, 2020 «Address to the citizens of Russia». [Electronic resource]. // information and legal portal «Garant». – URL: https://www.garant.ru/

Regulations on the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on veterans ‘ Affairs. [Electronic resource]. // SPS «ConsultantPlus» Technology TOP. – URL: http://www.consultant.ru/

Golubitsky (2015) – Golubitsky M. S. Social policy of the Soviet state in relation to participants and invalids of the great Patriotic war in the 1950s-1980s // Scientific notes. Electronic scientific journal of Kursk state University. 2015. № 4. Pp. 52-56.

Gorenkov, Efimova (2019) – Gorenkov R. V., Efimova A. O., Orlov S. A., Rozalieva Yu. y., Petyukova O. N., Kuzyakina A. S. Evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures for disabled people in the Russian Federation // Problems of social hygiene, health care and the history of medicine. 2019. Vol. 27. №. 4. Pp. 418-423.

Saraeva (2016) – Saraeva I. A. the Social protection of veterans of the wars: foreign experience // Vestnik of the Mari legal. 2016. № 1. Pp. 21-23.

Sestava T. V. Social protection of veterans of military actions: a comparative analysis of the US and Russia. – [Electronic resource]. // free Internet library. -URL: http://doc.knigi-x.ru/ 22ekonomika/ 415211-1-socialnaya-zaschita-veteranov-boevih- deystviy-sravnitelniy-analiz-ssha-rossii-shestyaeva -studentka-ku.php

Website Of The President Of The Russian Federation. URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/administration/20948

Website Of The President Of The Russian Federation. URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/administration/47792 

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