The Modern Lawyer №1(30)

CONTENT

 

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW  

Dmitry M. Matyushenkov

Deputy Chief of Staff of the Youth Parliament at the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation; Postgraduate student of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Moscow. E-mail: mdm95@yandex.ru.

ON THE LEGAL STATUS OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS

Abstract

Subject / Topic The article considers ways to consolidate the concept of a young scientist in the Russian Federation, analyzes the experience of domestic legal regulation and foreign experience in this area, and carries out a theoretical and comparative study of some aspects of this problem.

Goals / Objectives Definition of the main approaches to understanding the concept of «young scientist». Regional and foreign experience is considered for comparative analysis and subsequent formation of the most optimal normative definition.

Methodology Methods of analysis, synthesis, descriptions, comparisons, historical method, method of comparative jurisprudence, methods of formal logic were used.

Conclusion and Relevance The Russian doctrine and legislation offer a number of approaches to defining the category of «young scientist», in which there are a number of similar elements. It is necessary to establish a single concept, fixed at the level of the Federal law, which will have a positive impact on the development of domestic science.

Keywords: science, education, scientists, young scientists, youth.

References:

Gutnikov (2007) –Gutnikov O.V. The legal status of young scientists and research workers who retired // Journal of Russian Law[Pravovoy status molodyihuchenyih i nauchnyih rabotnikov, vyishedshihnapensiyu // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava], 2007, № 7. (ATP Consultant Plus).

Mehrishvili,  Skrauch (2012) –Mehrishvili L.L., Skrauch O.N. Young scientists as a social group: on the issue of motivation of scientific activity and vocational guidance // Specificity of pedagogical education in the regions of Russia [Molodyieuchenyie kak sotsialnayagruppa: k voprosumotivatsiinauchnoydeyatelnosti i professionalnoyorientatsii // Spetsifikapedagogicheskogoobrazovaniya v regionah Rossii], 2012, № 1. P. 152-163.

Shamsutdinova, Yagafarova, Isyangulova (2016) –Shamsutdinova N.K., Yagafarova D.G., Isyangulova E.I. Young scientists in the system of the scientific community // Collection of scientific articles of the Institute of Social Research, INGGU. – Magas: Ingush State University [Sborniknauchnyihstatey instituta sotsialnyihissledovaniy INGGU. – Magas: Ingushskiygosuniversitet], 2016. P. 227-230.

Teslenko A. N. Young scientist in Kazakhstan: features of social and professional status / / Gaudeamus, 2017.

Matyushenkov D. M. Stepanenko Yu. V. On the legal status of young scientists/ international scientific journal «Modern Lawyer». 2019. № 3 (28). Р. 19-28.

Yury V. Stepanenko

doctor of Law, professor, professor at the Department of Administrative Law and Process, University of O.E. Kutafina (MSLA); professor of the autonomous non-profit organization of higher education «Open Humanitarian-Economic University»; Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation Chief Research Scientist of the National Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, Moscow.

Е-mail: stepanenko.50@mail.ru

ABOUT IMPROVEMENT OF LEGISLATION ABOUT SCIENCE AND LEGAL STATUS SCIENTIFIC WORKER

Abstract

Subject / Topic Legislative regulation of public relations in the field of science and the establishment of the legal status of a scientist and scientist.

Goals / Objectives The purpose of this study is to identify defects and vulnerabilities in the draft federal law «On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activities in the Russian Federation» and to develop scientifically sound proposals and recommendations for its improvement.

Methodology The methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy, legal modeling, comparative legal method were used.

Conclusion and Relevance It is too early to put an end to the draft federal law On Scientific, Scientific and Technical Activities in the Russian Federation. The terminological apparatus of the bill needs to be finalized, objective criteria must be developed to distinguish between scientific and scientific and technical activities, and the legal status of a scientist and scientist needs a more detailed development.

Keywords: legal status, scientist, scientist, scientific and technical activity.

References:

Stepanenko (2016) – Stepanenko Y.V. Prospects of administrative and legal regulation of scientific activity in the light of the developed Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for the long term // Administrative law and process [Perspektivy administrativno-pravovogo regulirovaniya nauchnoj deyatel’nosti v svete razrabatyvaemoj Strategii nauchno-tekhnologicheskogo razvitiya Rossijskoj Federacii na dolgosrochnyj period // Administrativnoe pravo i process.]. 2016. № 9. Р. 5-12.

Stepanenko (2017) – Stepanenko Y.V. On the draft federal law «On Scientific, Scientific, Technical and Innovative Activities in the Russian Federation» in the focus of the implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation // Law and Economics: Interdisciplinary Approaches in Science and Education. IV Moscow Legal Forum. XII International Scientific and Practical Conference (Kutafa Readings): conference proceedings: at 4 o’clock – Part 2. – Moscow: RG-Press [O proekte federal’nogo zakona «O nauchnoj, nauchno-tekhnicheskoj i innovacionnoj deyatel’nosti v Rossijskoj Federacii» v fokuse realizacii Strategii nauchno-tekhnologicheskogo razvitiya Rossijskoj Federacii // Pravo i ekonomika: mezhdisciplinarnye podhody v nauke i obrazovanii. IV Moskovskij yuridicheskij forum. XII Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferenciya (Kutafinskie chteniya): materialy konferencii: v 4 ch. – CHast’ 2. M.: RG-Press. 2017. Р. 53-60.

Stepanenko (2017) – Stepanenko Y.V. The new law on scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activity in the Russian Federation // Scientific portal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia [Novyj zakon o nauchnoj, nauchno-tekhnicheskoj i innovacionnoj deyatel’nosti v Rossijskoj Federacii // Nauchnyj portal MVD Rossii]. 2017. № 3 (39). Р. 68-75.

Stepanenko (2017) – Stepanenko Y.V. What will be the new law on science: some assumptions // Administrative law and process [Kakim budet novyj zakon o nauke: nekotorye predpolozheniya // Administrativnoe pravo i process]. 2017. № 9. Р. 16-20.

Stepanenko (2018) – Stepanenko Y.V. The constitutional freedom of scientific creativity through the prism of administrative barriers // Administrative law and process [Konstitucionnaya svoboda nauchnogo tvorchestva skvoz’ prizmu administrativnyh bar’erov // Administrativnoe pravo i process]. 2018. № 12. Р. 30-35.

Trofimova (2016) – Trofimova G.A. The legal status of creative workers carrying out their activities independently // Lawyer [Pravovoj status tvorcheskih rabotnikov, osushchestvlyayushchih svoyu deyatel’nost’ samostoyatel’no // Advokat]. 2016. № 4. P. 42-48 (ATP Consultant Plus).

Stepanenko (2019) – Stepanenko Y.V. The legal status of a scientist: key concepts // Administrative law and process [Pravovoj status nauchnogo rabotnika: klyuchevye ponyatiya // Administrativnoe pravo i process]. 2019 . № 5. Р. 26-32.

Lapaeva (2003) – Lapaeva V.V. Law on Science: Analysis of the Normative Content // Legislation and Economics [Zakon o nauke: analiz normativnogo soderzhaniya // Zakonodatel’stvo i ekonomika]. 2003. № 5 (IPO «Guarantor»).

Matyushenkov, Stepanenko (2019) – Matyushenkov D.M., Stepanenko Y.V. On the legal status of young scientists // Modern Lawyer [O pravovom statuse molodyh uchenyh // Sovremennyj yurist]. 2019. № 3 (28). Р. 21-29.

Igor G. Tyutyunnik

Research Fellow, Institute for Industrial Policy and Institutional Development at Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow. E-mail: ITyutyunnik@fa.ru

EXPERT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXPERT

Abstract

Subject/Topic The article deals with the right to ensure scientific and technical competitive advantages. Legal regulation in this area is based on legislation and strategic documents created as early as the end of the 20th century, which have certainly been subject to changes, but have not been significantly revised from the point of view not only of stimulating scientific developments, but also of ensuring the accelerated and effective introduction of their results into industry. At present, the competitiveness of enterprises is determined by their ability to create competitive advantages in world markets corresponding to the new technological style.

Goals/Objectives In order to form a new technological order, it is necessary to create appropriate institutions for development and organizational and legal forms of functioning of economic entities. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to justify the organizational and legal mechanisms for ensuring the scientific, technical and scientific and technological development of the Russian economy in the context of the formation of a new technological order.

Methodology Both General Philosophical methods of materialist dialectics have been used: analysis, synthesis, and methods of legal science, among them: formal-legal, comparative-legal, structural-functional method.

Conclusion and Relevance Based on the results of the analysis, packages of proposals on mechanisms to increase the scientific and technological competitiveness of Russian industry were developed into normative legal acts regulating: interaction of academic, university and entrepreneurial sectors of science; Mechanisms to stimulate economic entities while creating scientific and technical competitive advantages of the Russian industry at the federal and regional levels, as well as at the level of local authorities; Mechanisms of state control in implementation of programs of formation of scientific and technological competitive advantages.

Keywords: legal support, competitive advantage, legislative regulation, industry, legislation on science, digitalization of production, competitiveness

References:

Abdikeyev, Bogachev, Losev, etc. (2019) – Abdikeev N.M., Bogachev Y.S., Losev A.A., Melnichuk M.V., Pushchev S.A., Tyutyunnik I.G., Sharkova A.V. Competitiveness of socio-economic systems in conditions of digital transformation of the Russian economy [Konkurentosposobnost’ social’no-ekonomicheskih sistem v usloviyah cifrovoj transformacii rossijskoj ekonomiki]. Moscow. Prometheus. 2019. 354 p. [in Russian].

Tyutyunnik, Pushchev (2019) – Tyutyunnik I.G., Pushchev S.A. Regulatory and legal provision of competitiveness of social and economic systems in conditions of digital economy [Normativno-pravovoe obespechenie konkurentosposobnosti social’no-ekonomicheskih sistem v usloviyah cifrovoj ekonomiki]. Safety of business [Bezopasnost’ biznesa.]. 2019.№ 3. P. 10-15. [in Russian].

Simayeva, Tyutyunnik (2019) – Simayeva E.P., Tyutyunnik I.G. Legal support of efficiency of state regulation of industrial development [Pravovoe obespechenie e`ffektivnosti gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya promy`shlennogo razvitiya]. Modern lawyer [Sovremenny`j yurist]. 2019. № 1 (26). P. 106-114. [in Russian].

Abdikeev, Bogachev, Morev, etc (2018) – Abdikeev N.M., Bogachev Y.S., Morev E.L., Pushchev S.A., Teplyakov A.Y., Tyutyunnik I.G., Shestak V.P. Directions of Development of Institutional Support for Increase of Competitiveness of Russian Industry [Napravleniya razvitiya institucional`nogo obespecheniya povy`sheniya konkurentosposobnosti promy`shlennosti Rossii]. Moscow, 2018. 150 p. [in Russian].

Tyutyunnik (2018) – Tyutyunnik I.G. Regulatory legal acts aimed at improving the competitiveness of social and economic systems in the digital economy [Normativny`e pravovy`e akty`, napravlenny`e na povy`shenie konkurentosposobnosti social`no-e`konomicheskix sistem v usloviyax cifrovoj e`konomiki]. In the collection: Theory and Practice of Entrepreneurship Development: Modern Concepts, Digital Technologies and an Effective System Materials of the VI International Scientific Congress. Under the scientific edition of Sharkova A.V., Vasileva O.N., Otorova B. 2018. P. 357. [in Russian].

Prikhodko, Makarenko, Akhterov, etc (2015) – Prikhodko, V.M., Makarenko, E.I., Akhterov, A.V., Lezina, O.V. Analysis of general factors for formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff 2015. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 6 (3S3). P. 123-138.

Garina, Vlasov, Petrov, etc (2018) – Garina, C.M., Vlasov, D.V., Petrov, A.N., Shurtakov, K.V. Experience in constructing an information environment for solving problems of implementation the FTP «Research and development on priority directions of scientific-technological complex of Russia for 2014-2020». 2018. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2260. P. 125-135.

Abdikeev, Bogachev, etc (2019) – Abdikeev N.M., Bogachev Y.S., Bekulova S.R. Institutional mechanisms to ensure a scientific and technological breakthrough in the Russian economy [Institucional`ny`e mexanizmy` obespecheniya nauchno-texnologicheskogo prory`va v e`konomike Rossii]. Administrative sciences[Upravlencheskie nauki]. 2019. T. 9. № 1. P. 6-19. [in Russian].

Glaz’ev (2018) – Glaz’ev S. Yu. Breakthrough to the future: Russia in new technological and global economic paradigms[Ry`vok v budushhee: Rossiya v novy`x texnologicheskom i miroxozyajstvennom ukladax]. Moscow: Knizhnyi mir; 2018. 765 p. [in Russian].

Volostnov, Kuzmitsky, Polyakov (2011) – Volostnov B.I., Kuzmitsky A.A., Polyakov V.V. Innovation and technological development: strategies, priorities, patterns [Innovacionno-texnologicheskoe razvitie: strategii, prioritety`, zakonomernosti]. M.: Your printing partner, 2011. 352 p. [in Russian].

CIVIL LAW

Olga V. Kostina

Associate Professor, Civil law Department of the Russian state University of justice, Candidate of legal sciences, Moscow. E-mail: ovk145@mail.ru

Aleksey A. Kostin

Associate Professor of the Tax Policy and Customs Tariff Regulation Department of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. E-mail: aakostin@fa.ru

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENTS OF THE CONCEPT OF «SERVICE» IN CONDITIONS OF CONVERGENCE

Abstract

Subject/theme. The subject of the study is the development of economic and legal analysis of the content of the concept of «service» in the context of convergence.

Goals/objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of certain provisions of various international regulatory legal acts, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws of the Russian Federation, as well as the law enforcement practice of the content of the concept of «service».

Methodology. The methodological basis of research are: universal methods of knowledge; scientific methods, including systematic and logical method and also the analysis, synthesis and analogy; methods such as the method of comparative law and formal legal method.

Conclusion. The current stage of development of relations in the field of economics is characterized by a certain complication of the relevant legal regulation, which necessitates the study of approaches to the concept of «service» from the point of view of public and private law. a general analysis of the concept of «service» from the standpoint of public and private law allows us to conclude that today there is a «legal array» that includes similar terminology (in the interpretation of the concept of «service»), but affecting the areas of heterogeneous legal relations, which leads to not only a mixture of concepts, but also the content of the categories themselves. The study allows us to derive a general concept of «services» based on the concept of convergence of private and public law.

Key words: convergence, public law, private law, service, object of civil legal relations.

References:

Bell D. The coming post-industrial society. Experience of social forecasting [Gryadushchee postindustrial’noe obshchestvo. Opyt social’nogo prognozirovaniya] / Translation from English. Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. M .: Academia, 2004.788 p.

Vetrova EA Trends in the development of the service sector in the world economy [Tendencii razvitiya sfery uslug v mirovom hozyajstve] // Bulletin of TSU. 2008. № 10. P. 367-370.

Makarevich A. N. Transformation of scientific and theoretical approaches to the study of the service sector in the transition to post-industrialism [Transformaciya nauchno-teoreticheskih podhodov k izucheniyu sfery uslug v usloviyah perekhoda k postindustrializmu] // Bulletin of NovSU. 2014. № 82. Р. 9-13.

Budilovskaya O.A., Bazhenova T.L. The current state and structure of the international services market [Sovremennoe sostoyanie i struktura mezhdunarodnogo rynka uslug] // Bulletin of OSU. 2012. № 13 (149). З. 49-55.

Shkutko O.N. EAEU Single Services Market: Necessity and Problems of Formation [Edinyj rynok uslug EAES: neobhodimost’ i problemy formirovaniya] // International Trade and Trade Policy. 2018. № 1 (13). Р. 112-123.

Marx K., Engels F. Works [Sochineniya]: In 39 vol. 2-nd ed. M., 1962.Vol. 23. 907 р.

Rossinsky M. B. Service industry in the economy of developed socialism: theoretical and methodological issues [Sfera uslug v ekonomike razvitogo socializma: teoreticheskie i metodologicheskie voprosy]. Saratov, 1976. 151 p.

Volkova A.A. Service industry: theoretical analysis [Sfera uslug: teoreticheskij analiz] // News of St. Petersburg State University of Economics. 2014. № 4 (88). Р. 11-16.

Militias II. Quality management in the service sector [Upravlenie kachestvom v sfere uslug] [Electronic resource]: a textbook. M.: Soviet Sport, 2008.126 р. (Professional tourism education). Access Mode: https://rucont.ru/efd/27113.

Sannikova L.V. Services in the civil law of Russia [Uslugi v grazhdanskom prave Rossii]. – M.: Walters Clover, 2006.160 р.

Tokarev V.A. The study of the essence of services in the economic mainstream [Issledovanie sushchnosti uslugi v ekonomicheskom mejnstrime] // News of Tula State University. Economic and legal sciences. 2011. № 2-1. Р. 204-216.

Khristoforova I.V. Specific differences of goods from services [Specificheskie otlichiya tovara ot uslugi]. Part 1: Genesis of the basic definitions of the service sector // Service plus. 2007. № 1 (103). Р. 11-19.

Khristoforova I.V. Modern approaches to marketing services [Sovremennye podhody k marketingu uslug] // Service plus. 2008. № 1. Р. 83-89.

Kotlyarov I.D. The economic nature of services [Ekonomicheskaya priroda uslugi] // ENSR. 2013. № 4 (63). Р. 36-48.

Perepelkin V.A. The concept of «service» in economic theory [Ponyatie «usluga» v ekonomicheskoj teorii] // Bulletin of SamSU. 2009. № 69. Р. 38-46.

Lazovskaya S.V. Dialectics of the general and specific in the service sector [Dialektika obshchego i specifichnogo v sfere uslug]// Bulletin of the Adygea State University. Series 5: Economics. 2012. № 2. Р. 197-202.

Korshunov N. M. Convergence of private and public law: problems of theory and practice [Konvergenciya chastnogo i publichnogo prava: problemy teorii i praktiki] / N. M. Korshunov. M .: Norma; INFRA-M, 2011.240 р.

Sakharov A. D. Memoirs [Vospominaniya]: in 2 volumes / A. D. Sakharov; ed. E. Kholmogorova, Yu. Shikhanovich. M .: Human Rights, 1996.V. 1. 912 p. (388).

Alekseev S.S. Law on the threshold of the new millennium: some trends in global legal development – the hope and drama of the modern era [Pravo na poroge novogo tysyacheletiya: nekotorye tendencii mirovogo pravovogo razvitiya – nadezhda i drama sovremennoj epohi]. M., 2000. 256 р.

Tretyakova O.D. Legal Convergence [Yuridicheskaya konvergenciya] : Diss. … Dr. jur. sciences. Vladimir 2012. 444 р.

KharitonovaYu.S. The convergence of private and public in entrepreneurial law and law [Konvergenciya chastnogo i publichnogo v predprinimatel’skom zakonodatel’stve i prave] // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University. N.I. Lobachevsky. 2016. № 2. P.173-180.

Ponikarov I.V. Theoretical approaches to understanding the definition of public services [Teoreticheskie podhody k ponimaniyu opredeleniya publichnoj uslugi] // Theory and History of Economics, State and Law. Questions of economics and law. 2012. № 6. Р. 17-20.

Civil law [Grazhdanskoe pravo]: Textbook. In 2 vols. T. 2 / Ed. E. A. Sukhanova. M .: BEK, 1994.S. 46. 384 p.

Stepanov D.I. The obligation to provide services and its facility [Obyazatel’stvo po okazaniyu uslug i ego ob”ekt] // Economy and law. Application. 2004. № 5. P. 5.

Kulakov V.V. Obligation and complications of its structure in Russian civil law [Obyazatel’stvo i oslozhneniya ego struktury v grazhdanskom prave Rossii]: a monograph. 2nd ed., Revised. and add. M .: RAP, Walters Kluver, 2010.256 р.

Vitryansky V.V. Essential terms of the contract in domestic civil law and law enforcement practice [Sushchestvennye usloviya dogovora v otechestvennoj civilistike i pravoprimenitel’noj praktike] // Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. 2002. № 6. Р. 78-79.

Kulakov V.V. Law of Obligations [Obyazatel’stvennoe pravo]: study guide. M .: RPMU, 2016.186 р.

Grishaev S.P. The evolution of legislation on objects of civil rights [Evolyuciya zakonodatel’stva ob ob”ektah grazhdanskih prav] // ATP ConsultantPlus. 2015.

Braginsky M.I., Vitryansky V.V. Contract law [Dogovornoe pravo]. Book Three: Work and Service Contracts. M., 2002.1055 р.

Stepanov D. I. Services as an object of civil rights [Uslugi kak ob”ekt grazhdanskih prav]. M .: Statute, 2005.348 р.

Services: civil law regulation: Collection of articles [Sfera uslug: grazhdansko-pravovoe regulirovanie: Sbornik statej] / Ed. E. A. Sukhanova, L.V. Sannikova. M .: Infotropic Media, 2011.240 р.

Andreeva L.V. Legal means of ensuring the quality and safety of goods [Pravovye sredstva obespecheniya kachestva i bezopasnosti tovarov] // Commercial Law. 2010. № 1. Р. 6-12.

Khachatryan A.S. On judicial practice in cases of crimes related to the production, storage, transportation or sale of goods and products, performance of work or the provision of services that do not meet safety requirements (regarding public catering enterprises) [O sudebnoj praktike po delam o prestupleniyah, svyazannyh s proizvodstvom, hraneniem, perevozkoj libo sbytom tovarov i produkcii, vypolneniem rabot ili okazaniem uslug, ne otvechayushchih trebovaniyam bezopasnosti (v chasti predpriyatij obshchestvennogo pitaniya)] // Russian judge. 2010. № 5. P. 23-28.

Olga A. Kuznetsova

Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor of the Department of Business Law, civil and arbitration process, Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia. E-mail: kuznetsova_psu@mail.ru

FREEDOM OF CONTRACT REGULATION

Abstract

Subject/theme The subject of the study is the civil law contract and the principle of freedom of contractual regulation.

Goals/objectives The aim of the study is to study the principle of freedom of contract through the prism of the regulatory role of a civil contract.

Methodology The methodological basis of research are: universal methods of knowledge; scientific methods, including systematic and logical method and also the analysis, synthesis and analogy; methods such as the method of comparative law and formal legal method.

Conclusion Despite some facts of legislative restriction of the principle of freedom, such as, in particular, with respect to interest on a loan agreement, in general, the role of the principle of freedom of contractual regulation, which is manifested primarily in the recognition of force for unnamed contractual constructions, can be noted, used by parties to resolve atypical civil relations.

Key words: contract, freedom of contract, freedom of contract regulation.

References:

Kazantsev M.F. Freedom of civil law contractual regulation: concept, content, volume [Svoboda grazhdansko-pravovogo dogovornogo regulirovaniya: ponyatie, soderzhanie, ob”em] // Scientific Yearbook of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2006. № 6. Р. 336-342.

Kulakov V.V. On coordination and subordination civil contracts [O koordinacionnyh i subordinacionnyh grazhdansko-pravovyh dogovorah] // Scientific proceedings of the Russian Academy of Advocacy and Notaries. 2014. № 4 (35). Р. 68-72.

Ilyushina M.N. The development of the doctrine of the civil contract in the novels of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation [Razvitie ucheniya o grazhdansko-pravovom dogovore v novellah Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii] // Uchenye zapiski Kazan University. Ser .: Humanities. 2016.Vol. 158, pr. 2, p. 498-511.

Kochev V. A. On the issue of the essence of contractual freedom [K voprosu o sushchnosti dogovornoj svobody] // Jurisprudence and law enforcement practice. 2010. № 2. P. 50 – 54.

Pokrovsky I.A. The main problems of civil law [Osnovnye problemy grazhdanskogo prava]. M .: Statute, 2003. 349 р.

Kazantsev M.F. Freedom of civil contractual regulation as a manifestation of freedom of contract [Svoboda grazhdansko-pravovogo dogovornogo regulirovaniya kak proyavlenie svobody dogovora] // Gaps in Russian law. 2008. № 1. Р. 142-144.

Dimitriev M.A. The principle of freedom of contract (commentary on article 421 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) [Princip svobody dogovora (kommentarij k stat’e 421 Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii)] // Justice of the peace. 2011. № 12. Р. 10-13.

Shershenevich G.F. Textbook of Russian Civil Law [Uchebnik russkogo grazhdanskogo prava]. M.: Spark. 1995. 556 p.

Kötz H., Lormann F. Introduction to liability law [Vvedenie v obyazatel’stvennoe pravo] // Problems of German civil and business law. M.: BEK, 2001.Р. 39.

Bergmann V. Introduction to the understanding of the German Civil Code [Vvedenie k ponimaniyu germanskogo Grazhdanskogo ulozheniya] // Civil Code of Germany. M.: WaltersCluver, 2004.

Zekker F.Yu. General principles of private law // Problems of civil and business law in Germany. Translated from German [Obshchie osnovy chastnogo prava // Problemy grazhdanskogo i predprinimatel’skogo prava Germanii. Perevod s nemeckogo] / Behrens P., Venkshtern M., Zekker F.Yu., Ketz H., et al .; Per: Karimullin R.I., Lizunov A.A., Nam K., Stepanova E.V .; Scientific Cons .: Bergmann W .; Total Ed .: Yakovleva T.F. M .: BEK, 2001.336 р.

Zaboev K.I. Legal and philosophical aspects of a civil contract [Pravovye i filosofskie aspekty grazhdansko-pravovogo dogovora]. S.-Pb .: Jurid. Center Press, 2003.278 р.

The decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the case on the verification of the constitutionality of paragraph 7 of Article 21 of the Federal Law «On the Privatization of State Property and the Basics of the Privatization of Municipal Property in the Russian Federation» in connection with the request of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2001 [Postanovlenie Konstitucionnogo suda RF po delu o proverke konstitucionnosti punkta 7 stat’i 21 Federal’nogo zakona «O privatizacii gosudarstvennogo imushchestva i ob osnovah privatizacii municipal’nogo imushchestva v Rossijskoj Federacii» v svyazi s zaprosom Vysshego arbitrazhnogo suda RF ot 25 iyulya 2001 g.] // Vestn. Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. 2001. № 6.

The decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the case of checking the constitutionality of the provisions of Part 2 of Article 29 of the Federal Law of February 3, 1996 «On Banks and Banking Activities» in connection with complaints by citizens O.Yu. Veselyashkina, A.Yu. Veselyashkina and N.P. Lazarenko dated February 23, 1999 № 4-P [Postanovlenie Konstitucionnogo suda RF po delu o proverke konstitucionnosti polozheniya chasti 2 stat’i 29 Federal’nogo zakona ot 3 fevralya 1996 goda «O bankah i bankovskoj deyatel’nosti» v svyazi s zhalobami grazhdan O.YU. Veselyashkinoj, A.YU. Veselyashkina i N.P. Lazarenko ot 23 fevralya 1999 g. №4-P] // Sobr. legislation of the Russian Federation. 1999. № 10. Art. 1254.

Kuznetsova O.A. The freedom of the contract as a norm is the principle of civil law [Svoboda dogovora kak norma- princip grazhdanskogo prava] // Jurisprudence, practice and prospects for their development. Collection of scientific papers. Perm: Publishing house Perm. University, 2005. Р. 86-102.

Braginsky M.I., Vitryansky V.N. Contract law. General Provisions [Dogovornoe pravo. Obshchie polozheniya]. M .: Statute, 1998.847 р.

Tanaga A.N. The principle of freedom of contract in Russian civil law [Princip svobody dogovora v grazhdanskom prave Rossii]. St. Petersburg: Jurid. Center Press, 2003.211 р.

Pilyaeva V.V. Commentary on the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (itemized) [Kommentarij k Grazhdanskomu kodeksu Rossijskoj Federacii (postatejnyj)]. M .: TK Velby, 2003. H, 1. 862 р.

Guev A.N. Civil law [Grazhdanskoe pravo]: Textbook: In 3 t. M.: INFRA-M. 2003.V. 1. 297 p.

Commentary on the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of the first part (itemized) [Kommentarij k Grazhdanskomu kodeksu RF chasti pervoj (postatejnyj)] / Ans. ed. O.N. Sadikov. M .: CONTRACT; INFRA M, 2003.

Civil law [Grazhdanskoe pravo]: Textbook / Ans. ed. V.P. Mozolin, A.I. Maslyaev. M.: Lawyer, 2003. Part 1.

Civil law [Grazhdanskoe pravo]: Textbook / Ed. A.P. Sergeeva, Yu.K. Tolstoy. M .: Prospect, 2002.V.1.

Civil law [Grazhdanskoe pravo]: Textbook / Ed. S.P. Grishaev. M.: Lawyer, 1999.

Civil law [Grazhdanskoe pravo]: Textbook: In 2 t. / Otv. ed. E.A. Sukhanov. M .: BEK, 1998.V. 1.

Resolution of the Federal Arbitration Court of the Moscow District of July 23, 2004 № KG-A40 / 5886-04-P [Postanovlenie Federal’nogo arbitrazhnogo suda Moskovskogo okruga ot 23 iyulya 2004 g. № KG-A40/5886-04-P] // ATP «Consultant Plus».

Polych S. Change and termination of the privatization of housing [Izmenenie i rastorzhenie dogovora privatizacii zhil’ya] // Law. 1999. № 9. P. 32-34.

Lisyukova E.A. The limits of freedom of contract in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the principles of international commercial contracts [Predely svobody dogovora v Grazhdanskom kodekse Rossijskoj Federacii i principah mezhdunarodnyh kommercheskih dogovorov] // Actual problems of civil law: Sat. Articles / Ed. M.I. Braginsky. M.: NORMA, 2002. Issue. 4. P. 287-305.

Resolution of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation № 10254/01 of August 13, 2002  [Postanovlenie Vysshego arbitrazhnogo suda RF № 10254/01 ot 13 avgusta 2002 g.]// Tomsk State University Journal. Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. 2002. № 11.

Resolution of the Federal Arbitration Court of the Volga District of April 13, 2000 № A 12-10741 / 99-C28 [Postanovlenie Federal’nogo arbitrazhnogo suda Privolzhskogo okruga ot 13 aprelya 2000 g. № A 12-10741/99-S28].

Kazantsev M.F. Contractual regulation. Civilistic concept [Dogovornoe regulirovanie. Civilisticheskaya koncepciya]. Ekaterinburg, 2005.Р. 315.

Review of judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of October 6, 2004 [Obzor sudebnoj praktiki Verhovnogo suda RF ot 6 oktyabrya 2004 g.] // ATP «Consultant Plus».

Review of the practice of resolving disputes related to a barter agreement: Letter № 69 of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of September 24, 2002 [Obzor praktiki razresheniya sporov, svyazannyh s dogovorom meny: Pis’mo Prezidiuma Vysshego arbitrazhnogo suda RF ot 24 sentyabrya 2002 g. № 69] // News. Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. 2003. № 1.

Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated March 14, 2014. № 16 «On freedom of contract and its limits» [Postanovlenie Plenuma VAS RF ot 14.03.2014 № 16 «O svobode dogovora i ee predelah»] // ATP «Consultant Plus».

The Civil Code of Georgia [Grazhdanskij kodeks Gruzii.]. [Electronic resource] Access mode: https://matsne.gov.ge/ru/document/

download/31702/75/en/pdf.

Civil law of the Republic of Latvia [Grazhdanskij zakon Latvijskoj Respubliki]. [Electronic resource] Access mode: http://www.pravo.lv/likumi/05_4_gz.html

Belov V.A. Prospects for the development of the general concept of the contract and the principle of freedom of contract in Russian private law [Perspektivy razvitiya obshchego ponyatiya dogovora i principa svobody dogovora v rossijskom chastnom prave] // Freedom of the contract: collection of articles / A.A. Amangeldy, V.A. Belov, A.A. Bogustov et al.; open ed. M.A. Rozhkova. M.: Statute, 2016.671 р.

Decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of January 22, 2019 № 117-KG18-51[Opredelenie Verhovnogo Suda RF ot 22.01.2019 goda № 117-KG18-51] // ATP «Consultant Plus».

Karapetov A.G., Savelyev A.I. Freedom of contract and its limits [Svoboda dogovora i ee predely]. T.1: Theoretical, historical and political legal foundations of the principle of freedom of contract and its limitations. M.: Statute, 2012.452 p.

Vladimir V. Kulakov

doctor of jurisprudence, professor, head of the department of civil lawThe Russian state university of justice, Professor of the department of civil law Moscow state regional University, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: 79057327361@ya.ru

Vladimir A. Kondratiev

PhD in Law, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Civil Law Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: vakondratiev@bk.ru

ON SOME ISSUES OF QUALIFICATION OF A PAID SERVICES CONTRACT

Abstract

Subject/theme The article discusses some issues related to the qualification of the contract for the provision of services. Based on an analysis of the scientific literature and law enforcement practice, the authors compare the contract for the provision of services with a contract, and also examine the possibility of applying the rules for the contract for the provision of services to individual contracts for which there is no special regulation, in particular, a contract for the protection and disposal of waste. The article also proposes to consider the differentiation of contracts for the provision of services depending on the purpose of the contracts aimed at applying maximum efforts and achieving results/

Goals/objectives To identify the qualifying features of the contract for the provision of services, and also to determine the effect of the result on the qualification of the contract for the provision of services.

Methodology General scientific, private scientific research methods: dialectical, analysis, synthesis, comparative legal, formal legal, linguistic.

Conclusion For a contract for the provision of services for a fee, the actions of the contractor are also valuable, even if they are aimed at achieving a certain result. Thus, the performance of actions is a presumption of the proper performance of obligations, regardless of the existence of a result. In addition, the article proposes a classification of contracts of on-the-pay provision for the goal of contracts aimed at achieving a certain result and applying maximum efforts.

Keywords: service, contract, transaction, contract, paid services.

References:

Braginsky, Vitryansky (2002) – Braginsky M.I., Vitryansky V.V. Contract law. Contracts for the performance of work and the provision of services [Dogovornoepravo.Dogovory o vypolneniirabotiokazaniiuslug]. M.: Statute, 2002. Book.3.1055 p.

Romanets (2004) – Romanets Yu.V.The system of contracts in the civil law of Russia [Sistemadogovorov v grazhdanskompraveRossii]. M.: Lawyer, 2004.496 p.

Akifieva (2015) – Akifieva A.A. Development of the theory of the division of obligations into obligations for the application of efforts and achieving results in the French doctrine of civil law [Razvitieteorii o deleniiobyazatel’

stvnaobyazatel’stvapoprilozheniy

uusilijidostizheniyurezul’tatavofra

ncuzskojdoktrinegrazhdanskogoprava] // Bulletin of Civil Law. 2015. № 3. P. 237 – 278.

Stanislav V. Nikolyukin

PhD in Law, Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, E-mail: stanislav-fa@yandex.ru

Lyudmila M. Kupriyanova

candidate of economic sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of accounting, analysis and audit, Deputy Head of the Chair of «Economics of intellectual property» at Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow,

E-mail: kuprianovalm@yandex.ru

TURNOVER INTELLECTUAL RESULTS: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECT

Abstract

Subject/topic The subject of the study is public relations in the field of turnover of the results of intellectual activity.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of such objects of civil circulation, as the results of intellectual activity.

Methodology The methodological basis of research is the universal method of cognition; general scientific research methods, including systemic and logical methods, comparative legal method, as well as analysis, synthesis and analogy; private scientific methods, etc.

Conclusion The study of the mechanisms for creating and applying the latest technologies is aimed at improving the efficiency of the turnover of property rights of intellectual property. The modern model of innovative development of the Russian Federation involves the creation, dissemination and transfer of scientific technologies for their practical application and further improvement.

Keywords: commercialization; R&D transfer; intellectual property objects; license agreement; contract on the alienation of exclusive rights; authorized capital.

References:

Biryukov (2017) – Biryukov P.N. Intellectual property law: textbook and workshop for academic undergraduate [Pravo intellektual’noj sobstvennosti]. 2nd ed., pererab. I DOP. M.: Yurayt Publishing house, 2017. 352 p

Boguslavsky (2016) – Boguslavsky M.M. private International law [Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo]: textbook. 7-e Izd., pererab. I DOP. M.: Norm: SIC INFRA-M, 2016. 672 p

Gavrilov (2016) – Gavrilov E.P. intellectual property law [Pravo intellektual’noj sobstvennosti]. Short course: studies, allowance. M.: Orservices, 2016. 146 p

Gorodov (2011) – Gorodov O.A. industrial property Law [Pravo promyshlennoj sobstvennosti]: textbook. M.: Statute, 2011. 942 p

Civil law [Grazhdanskoe pravo]: in 3 t. T. 3: textbook / E.N. Abramova, N. N. Averchenko, Yu. baigusheva [et al.]; under the editorship of A. P. Sergeeva. M.: TC Welby, 2009. 800 p

Grigoriev, Eremenko (2012) – Grigoriev A.N., Eremenko, V.I. Eurasian patent law: commentary and normative legal acts [Evrazijskoe patentnoe pravo: kommentarij i normativnye pravovye akty]. M.: The INIC «Patent», 2012. 520 p

Gulbin (2014) – Gulbin Yu.T. Intellectual rights to the results of intellectual activity [Intellektual’nye prava na rezul’taty intellektual’noj deyatel’nosti]. M.: Orservices, 2014. 232 p

Eremenko (2017) – Eremenko, V.I. Innovations in the legislation of the African regional intellectual property organization [Novovvedeniya v zakonodatel’stve Afrikanskoj regional’noj organizacii intellektual’noj sobstvennosti] // Invention. 2017. # 3-4.

Eremenko (2015) – Eremenko V.I. To the 20th anniversary of the Eurasian patent Convention [Evrazijskoj patentnoj konvencii] // Patent attorney. 2015. № 7. P. 1-6.

Eremenko (2015) – Eremenko, V.I. To the question of extraterritorial effect of the European patent [voprosu ob eksterritorial’nom dejstvii evropejskih patentov] // Invention. 2015. # 11. P. 1-8.

Eremenko (2006) – Eremenko V. I., Stashkov, R. E. Innovations in the Eurasian patent law [Novovvedeniya v evrazijskoe patentnoe zakonodatel’stvo] // Invention. Vol. VI. 2006. # 1. P. 7-12.

Zimneva (2016) – Zimneva S.V. the Use of intellectual property in civil turnover: textbook, textbook for undergraduate and graduate Ispol’zovanie ob”ektov intellektual’noj sobstvennosti v grazhdanskom oborote: ucheb, posobie dlya bakalavriata i magistratury / Zimneva S. V., D. A. Kirillov. M.: Yurayt Publishing House, 2016.

Intellectual property in Russia and the European Union. Legal problems : collection of articles [Intellektual’naya sobstvennost’ v Rossii i Evropejskom soyuze. Pravovye problemy: sbornik statej] / ed. M.M. Boguslavsky, A. G. Svetlanov; Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of state and law, Russian-German legal Institute: Walter kluver, 2008. 284 p

Intellectual property in the modern world: monograph [Intellektual’naya sobstvennost’ v sovremennom mire: monografiya] / ed. I.A. Gemini. M.: Prospect, 2016. 672 p

Lerner Poltorak (2004) – Lerner P., Poltorak L. Fundamentals of intellectual property [Osnovy intellektual’noj sobstvennosti] / P. Lerner, A. Poltorak; lane with English. M.: Ed. house «Williams», 2004. 208 p

Stuart T. Intellectual capital – a new source of wealth organizations [Intellektual’nyj kapital – novyj istochnik bogatstva organizacij]. M.: Generation, 2007. 368 р

Intellectual property law: textbook for academic undergraduate [Pravo intellektual’noj sobstvennosti: uchebnik dlya akademicheskogo bakalavriata] / ed. L. A. Novoselova. M.: Yurayt Publishing House, 2017. 302 p.

Kartskhia (2017) – Kartskhia A.A. Innovative technologies in the civil turnover of exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity [Innovacionnye tekhnologii v grazhdanskom oborote isklyuchitel’nyh prav na rezul’taty intellektual’noj deyatel’nosti] // Intellectual Property Law: Sat. scientific papers; Repl. ed. Afanasyeva E.G. M., 2017.P. 20-34.

Rozhkova (2016) – Rozhkova M.A. Intellectual property: basic aspects of protection and protection: a training manual [Intellektual’naya sobstvennost’: osnovnye aspekty ohrany i zashchity: uchebnoe posobie]. M.: Prospect, 2016.P. 19.

The civilistic concept of intellectual property in the system of Russian law: monograph [Civilisticheskaya koncepciya intellektual’noj sobstvennosti v sisteme rossijskogo prava: monografiya] / Ed. ed. M.A. Rozhkova. M.: Statute, 2018.P.176.

Karelina (2018) – Karelina M.M. Informatization, digitalization – what’s next? Law and modern technology [Informatizaciya, cifrovizaciya- chto dal’she? Pravo i sovremennye tekhnologii] / Issues of increasing the effectiveness of judicial protection of rights to the results of intellectual activity and means of individualization. Collection of scientific articles. M.: RPMU, 2018. P. 12

Kupriyanova, Nikolyukin (2019) – Kupriyanova L.M., Nikolyukin S.V. Features of a license agreement [Osobennosti licenzionnogo dogovora] // Modern Lawyer. 2019. # 3 (28). P. 38

Vladislava A. Chirkova

applicant of Department of Civil Law of The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education @Russian State University of Justice», Moscow, Russia. E-mail: vladika.90@mail.ru.

FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF ESTABLISHED PEASANT FARMS

Abstract

The subject of this study are legal acts, judicial practice, scientific and educational literature on the topic «Features of legal regulation of the activities of established peasant farms».

The purpose of this study is to examine the need and feasibility of bringing the legal status of peasant farms created according to the Law of the RSFSR of November 22, 1990 «About Peasant Farm» (expired), in accordance with applicable civil law.

To achieve the stated goal, the following tasks were set: identify the features of the legal regulation of the creation and activities of peasant farms according to the Law of the RSFSR of November 22, 1990; justify the feasibility and necessity of bringing the legal status of peasant farms in line with the Civil Code; offer recommendations on how to bring the legal status of peasant farms in line with current legislation.

The methodological basis of the study consists in the use of general scientific (comparison, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, systematic approach) and private scientific research methods: formal-legal, legal modeling, document analysis method.

Conclusionand/Relevance.This study reveals the peculiarities of the legal regulation of activities created by the Law of the RSFSR of November 22, 1990 «About the peasant farm» of the peasant farms, outlines the problems and the need to bring their status in line with the Civil Code. It is concluded that the legal basis for such farms should remain Article 86.1 of the Civil Code, in connection with which, authors’ recommendations are proposed regarding bringing the legal status of the created peasant farms in compliance with the current legislation.

Keywords: legal regulation, legal entity, corporation, peasant farms, property of a legal entity.

References:

Civil code of the Russian Federation (part one) of 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ (ed. of 16.12.2019) // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 05.12.1994. № 32. article 3301;

Federal law of 11.06.2003 № 74-FZ (ed. of 23.06.2014) «On peasant (farm) economy» // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 16.06.2003. № 24. article 2249;

The law of the RSFSR of 22.11.1990 № 348-1 (ed. of 21.03.2002) «On the peasant (farm) economy» // Vedomosti SND and VS RSFSR. 1990. № 26. article 324 (expired).

Andreev, Laptev (2020) – Andreev V. K., Laptev V. A. Corporate law of modern Russia: monograph [Korporativnoe pravo sovremennoy Rossii: monografiya]. – 2nd ed., pererab. and additional – Moscow: Prospect [Prospekt], 2020. 352 p.[in Russian].

Comment to the Civil code of the Russian Federation (part one) (article-by-article) [Kommentariy k Grazhdanskomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chastpervaya) (postateynyiy)] / T. E. Abova, Z. S. Belyaeva, E. N. Gendzehadze, etc.; edited by T. E. Abova, A. Yu. Kabalkin. Moscow: Yurayt [Yurayt], 2002 [in Russian].

Tyutereva (2019) – Tyutereva N.N. Legal problems of bringing the legal status of peasant farms in line with current legislation [Pravovyie problem privedeniya pravovogo polozheniya krestyanskih hozyaystv v sootvetstvie s deystvuyuschim zakonodatelstvom] // Law and Economics [Pravo i ekonomika]. 2019. № 4. p. 46 – 52 [in Russian].

Kovalchuk (2016) – Kovalchuk N.I. Scientific and practical comment (article-by-article) to the Federal law of June 11, 2003 № 74-FZ «On peasant (farm) economy» [Nauchno-prakticheskiy kommentariy (postateynyiy) k Federalnomu zakonu ot 11 iyunya 2003 g. № 74-FZ «O krestyanskom (fermerskom) hozyaystve»]. – Specifically for the GARANT system, 2016 [in Russian].

Appeal decision of the Lipetsk regional court of December 22, 2014 in the case № 33-3430/2014. Access from the Internet.-leg

The decision of the Nineteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated 12/08/2014 in the case № A48-1363 / 2014 in the case of invalidating the entry made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities and the obligation to cancel this entry. Access from sprav.-legal system «ConsultPlus». al system «ConsultantPlus».

Elena N. Shibayeva

Judge of Naro-Fominsk District Court of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Naro-Fomisk, Russia. E-mail: sudshibaeva@mail.ru

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSCIENCE OF HEIRS IN THE EXECUTION OF HEREDITARY RIGHTS

Abstract

Subject/theme The subject of the study are the public relations arising in connection with the implementation of the principle of good faith by heirs in the exercise of inheritance rights.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is to analyze the current legislation and judicial practice related to the implementation of the principle of good faith.

Methodology The methodological basis of research are universal methodsof knowledge; scientific methods – analysis and synthesis, and also method ofcomparative law and formal legal method.

Conclusion The article is examined the norms of the current legislation on the settlement of issues of the principle of good faith in inheritance law. Criteria for establishing good faith in hereditary legal relations are considered using examples of judicial practice.

Keywords: inheritance, heir, principle of good faith, unworthy heir.

References:

Demidova (2015) – Demidova G.S. Implementation of the principle of good faith in the exercise of hereditary rights [Realizaciya principa dobrosovestnosti pri osushchestvlenii nasledstvennyh prav] / G. S. Demidova / / Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. 2015. # 11. P. 46 – 50.

Egorov (2013) – Egorov A.V. The principle of good faith in the Civil code of the Russian Federation: the first steps of reform [Princip dobrosovestnosti v Grazhdanskom kodekse RF: pervye shagi reformy] / A.V. Egorov // Legal insight. 2013. # 2(18). C. 4 – 10.

Kostina, Lyubanov (2019) – Kostina O.V., Lyubanov V.E. Implementation of the principle of good faith in insolvency (bankruptcy) of the hereditary mass [Realizaciya principa dobrosovestnosti v delah o nesostoyatel’nosti (bankrotstve) nasledstvennoj massy]. Modern lawyer. 2019. # 1. Pp. 46-60.

Kostina (2018) – Kostina O.V. the Convergence of private and public law in the recognition of the heir unworthy [Konvergenciya chastnogo i publichnogo prava pri priznanii naslednika nedostojnym] // Modern lawyer. 2018. # 2 (23). P. 34-45.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW

Artemiy A. Rozhnov

Professor of the Department of legal regulation of economic operations of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Assistant Professor, Moscow, Russia.

RUSSIAN IMPERIAL CONSTRUCTION IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL NON-RUSSIAN TERRITORIES OF THE EMPIRE)

Abstract

Subject / Topic. The article represents a description of the imperial construction in the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century.

Goals / Objectives. The aim of the work is to reveal the most important features of the legal status of the non-Russian territories of the Russian Empire which became part of Russia in the first half of the 19th century and the general direction of state policy in the field of national-state construction. The article is based on the study of the relevant normative legal sources, act material and scientific literature on this topic. The author analyses the legal status of Finland, Poland, Bessarabia, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the article includes the universal methods of cognition; general scientific methods, as well as analysis, synthesis, etc.

Conclusion and Relevance. As a result of studying the features of national and confessional policy of the Russian government and the system of management of the non-Russian territories the author comes to the conclusion that in comparison with the previous period it was characterized by a more obvious desire to limit national autonomies (except for Finland) and bring the non-Russian territories of the Russian Empire closer to its center.

Keywords: the Russian Empire, the imperial construction, colonization, «inorodtsy» (allogeneous people).

References:

Bakhturina (2012) – Bakhturina A.Yu. Institutions and management structures of national suburbs in Russia of the 19th – early 20th centuries [Instituty i struktury upravleniya nacional’nymi okrainami v Rossii XIX – nachala HKH veka] // Administrative-territorial structure: history and modernity. M., 2003

Isaev (2012) – Isaev M.A. History of the Russian state and law [Istoriya rossijskogo gosudarstva i prava] M., 2012

Mastyugina (2013) – Mastyugina T.M., Perepelkin L. S., Stelmakh V. G. National policy in Russia of the XVI – beginning of the XXI century [Nacional’naya politika v Rossii XVI – nachalo XXI veka]. M., 2013.

Pochekaev (2017) – Pochekaev R.Yu. Legal regulation of the status of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century // Monuments of Russian law: in 35 t [Pravovoe regulirovanie statusa Kazahstana v sostave Rossijskoj imperii pervoj poloviny XIX veka // Pamyatniki rossijskogo prava: v 35 t] / ed. R. L. Khachaturova. T. 9. M.: Yurlitinform, 2017.

Rozhnov (2018) – Rozhnov A.A. History of the state and law of Russia of the 18th century [Istoriya gosudarstva i prava Rossii XVIII veka] M., 2018

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Elena D. Kostyleva

candidate of law, associate Professor senior researcher of the direction constitutional and legal studies Center for justice research  Russian State University of Justice», Associate Professor, Department of Jurisprudence, MSTU N.E. Bauman, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: helen161969@rambler.ru

 

CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS: GENERAL APPROACHES AND DIFFERENCES IN UNDERSTANDING THE CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATION OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Abstract

Subject/theme The subject of the research is normative legal acts, judicial practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights on the constitutional restriction of rights and freedoms.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights, the identification of disagreements on issues of interpretation of the norms relating to constitutional restriction of rights and freedoms.

Methodology The methodological basis of the research consists of: General methods of cognition; General scientific methods, including the system and logical method, as well as analysis, synthesis and analogy; private scientific methods, such as the method of comparative law and formal legal method.

Conclusion The study made it possible to identify general conditions, criteria, and grounds for restricting human rights and freedoms in Russia and the member states of the Council of Europe. It showed some differences in understanding the constitutional restriction of rights and freedoms in the analyzed legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights, despite the fact that the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms are based on common basic values. The formulation of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is based on the proportionality and necessity of restrictions on constitutionally recognized goals and the preservation of the essence and real content of the law. The European Court of Human Rights considers the legality of restricting rights and freedoms from the standpoint of the existence of grounds and respect for order in national law and in terms of compliance with Article 5 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

Keywords: freedom, security, restriction of rights and freedoms, Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, European Court of Human Rights, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

References:

Kostyleva (2016) – Kostyleva E.D. Problems of judicial protection of human rights, providing moral and spiritual value of the individual, in the Russian Federation [Problemy sudebnoj zashchity prav cheloveka, obespechivayushchih nravstvenno-duhovnuyu cennost’ lichnosti, v Rossijskoj Federacii]. Fundamental and applied research of the cooperative sector of the economy. 2016. # 1. Pp. 93-98.

Novikova, Dementyeva, Kostyleva, etc. (2019) – Co-evolutionary approach to  environment and person safety:  sustainable developmentindicators [Koevolyucionnyj podhod k okruzhayushchej srede i bezopasnosti cheloveka: pokazateli ustojchivogo razvitiya] // Galina P. Novikova, Julia V. Dementieva, Elena D. Kostyleva, Olga V. Antipova, Elena V. Spirina, Yuri M. Saranchuk, Kadria I. Sigbatova. Ekoloji. 2019.Vol. 28. # 107. P. 4967-4972

Kostyleva (2019) – Kostyleva E.D. The ratio of the positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights on the protection of personal and political rights [Sootnoshenie pozicij Konstitucionnogo Suda RF i Evropejskogo Suda po pravam cheloveka po zashchite lichnyh i politicheskih prav] // Modern Lawyer. 2019. # 4 (29). P. 80-95.

Irina A. Umnova-Konyuhova

doctor of Law, Professor Head of constitutional research Justice Research Center Russian state University of justice, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: ikonyukhova@yandex.ru.

Elena D. Kostyleva

candidate of law, associate Professor senior researcher of the direction constitutional and legal studies Center for justice research Russian state University of justice, Associate Professor, Department of Jurisprudence, MSTU N.E. Bauman,  Moscow, Russia. E-mail: helen161969@rambler.ru.

APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE EVALUATION OF THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE LIMITATIONS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOM IN DECISIONS

Abstract

Subject/theme The subject of the study is the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the judicial practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in the legal positions of which the principle of proportionality is applied in assessing the constitutionality of restrictions on constitutional rights and freedoms.

Goals/objectives The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in assessing the constitutionality of restrictions on rights and freedoms based on the principle of proportionality.

Methodology The methodological basis of the research consists of: general scientific and private scientific methods, formal legal, logical method, comparative legal, system legal, historical, social and legal research, as well as analysis, synthesis and analogy, and others.

Conclusion The study allowed us to conclude that proportionality implies a comprehensive assessment of legal measures to limit rights and freedoms based on the criteria of proportionality and balance. The rule of proportionality means that restrictive measures in order to protect constitutional values ​​and goals cannot be excessive and must be adequate to the circumstances in connection with which they arose. To ensure a balance of legitimate interests arising from the content of rights and freedoms, the Constitutional Court is called upon to justify the multifactorial nature of taking into account private and public interests on the basis of the continued preservation of the validity of constitutionally designated values.

Keywords: The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the principle of proportionality (proportionality), restriction of constitutional rights and freedoms.

References:

Umnova-Konyukhova I.A. General principles of law in constitutional law and international law: current issues of theory and judicial practice [Obshchie principy prava v konstitucionnom prave i mezhdunarodnom prave: aktual’nye voprosy teorii i sudebnoj praktiki]. M.: RPMU, 2019.

General theory of Human Rights [Obshchaya teoriya prav cheloveka] / Otv. ed. E. A. Lukasheva. M., 1996. Р. 158; Moral foundations of the theory of state and law: Tr. Int. scientific conf. P. 91-100.

Kostyleva E.D. The principle of proportionality (proportionality) in the decisions of the European Court [Princip proporcional’nosti (sorazmernosti) v resheniyah Evropejskogo Suda] // Bulletin of the Humanitarian Institute. 2015. № 1. (15). Р.13-19.

Kostyleva E.D. The ratio of the positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights on the protection of personal and political rights [Sootnoshenie pozicij Konstitucionnogo Suda RF i Evropejskogo Suda po pravam cheloveka po zashchite lichnyh i politicheskih prav] // Modern Lawyer. 2019. № 4 (29). Р. 80-95.

 

BUSINESS LAW

Albina M.Fathutdinova

candidate of law sciences, Associate professor Department legal regulation of economic activity Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

E-mail: AMFathudinova@fa.ru.

THE ROLE OF THE STATE AND LAW IN REGULATION CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY

Abstract

Importance The subject of this study is the importance of state and legal regulation in the field of corporate responsibility during the process of globalization, accompanied by increasing economic instability. An assessment of social responsibility and its concept is given.

Objective The purpose of the study is to study the problem of state-legal regulation of corporate responsibility, assessment of the current stage of social responsibility of companies and enterprises to society.

Methods. The article uses General scientific and private scientific methods of scientific knowledge-analysis and synthesis, logical and comparative legal (analysis of theoretical sources and legal sources; comparison; generalization; analysis of documents).

Conclusions and Relevance The author substantiates the conclusion that not all aspects of companies ‘and enterprises’ activities in the Russian Federation are properly regulated. The influence of the responsibility of enterprises and organizations on the life of society is noted, and how it should be regulated and developed from the point of view of the state and law. It is proved that the state should continue to develop and improve corporate responsibility to society and citizens with the help of legal acts.

Keywords: public policy, business, corporate, entrepreneurship, social investment, society, law, legal regulation, social responsibility, social partnership, economy.

References:

The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on 12/12/1993) [Elektronnyiy resurs]// Legal reference system Сonsultant plus [SPS KonsultantPlyus].

Federal`ny`j zakon ot 26.07.2019 № 245-FZ “O vnesenii izmenenij v Federal`ny`j zakon «O razvitii malogo i srednego predprinimatel`stva v Rossijskoj Federacii predpriyatie» v chasti zakrepleniya ponyatij «social`noe predprinimatel`stvo», «social`noe predpriyatie» [Elektronnyiy resurs]// Legal reference system Сonsultant plus [SPS KonsultantPlyus].

Zverreva (2019) – Zvereva N.I. Atlas of practices for the development of social entrepreneurship in Russian regions [Electronic resource] [Atlas praktik razvitiya social`nogo predprinimatel`stva] [E`lektronny`j resurs] / Fond regional`ny`x social`ny`x programm «Nashe budushhee». [Elektronnyiy resurs] URL: http://nb-forum.ru/library/books/atlas-praktik-razvitiya-sotsialnogo-predprinimatelstva-subektami-rf (data obrashheniya 01.03.2020).

Five steps towards social sustainability of the company [Electronic resource] /[Pyat` shagov na puti social`noj ustojchivosti kompanii] [E`lektronny`j resurs] // Russian Union of entrepreneurs and Industrialists of Russia [Rossijskij soyuz promy`shlennikov i predprinimatelej]. URL: http://rspp.ru/12/7945.pdf (data obrashheniya 01.03.2020).

OECD guidelines for multinational enterprises. Doing business responsibly matters. [Rukovodyashhie principy` OE`SR dlya mnogonacional`ny`x predpriyatij. Otvetstvennoe vedenie biznesa imeet znachenie.] [E`lektronny`j resurs] // OECD. URL: https://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/RBC-Matters-Russian.pdf (data obrashheniya 01.03.2020).

Social Charter of Russian business: [Social`naya xartiya rossijskogo biznesa] [E`lektronny`j resurs] // Russian Union of entrepreneurs and Industrialists of Russia [Rossijskij soyuz promy`shlennikov i predprinimatelej]. URL: http://www.roscomsys.ru/upload/docs/

socialnaja_khartija__rossijjskogo_biznesa.pdf (data obrashheniya 01.03.2020).

ROMAN LAW

Inna A. Gvozdeva

PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate professor,

Department of History of the Ancient World, Faculty of Historical Sciences,

Moscow State University, Moscow (E-mail: innagvozdeva@mail.ru)

AGRIMENSORES - FOUNDERS OF THE SCIENCE OF LAND MANAGEMENT AND ARBITRATORS IN THE LAND LAW OF ANCIENT ROME

Abstract

Rationale The topic of this study is to study the activities of Roman agrimensors at the beginning of the Empire era. These specialists divided the fields of the Roman colonies for assignation, i.e. for transfer to Roman citizens.

Objective The aim of the article is to identify and determine the legal status of all types of land of the Roman agrarian structure. Surveyors were technical specialists who prepared the land area of the Roman Mediterranean for registration of ownership and ownership rights of citizens on it. The aim of the study is to trace the evolution of Roman legal proceedings from the archaic process and production in The ius Honorarium to the classical process in the Ius Civile.

Methodology The study is based on the author’s original translation of the works of Frontin, Gigin the Elder, Siculus Flaccus, and Gigin the Gromaticus. The author highlights and explains the basic concepts of agrimensura and land law of Ancient Rome.

Conclusions and Relevance The author comes to the conclusion that in the archaic period of Roman law, surveyors contributed by their consultations to the completion of all border claims with a compromise solution. During the Ius Honorarium, they assisted the magistrate in drafting the claim formula as arbitrators in land disputes. In the classical period, their role has declined as the Roman inventory has identified all of the standards for categories of land. In the post-classical period, land surveyors again began to act as arbitrators for land disputes.

Keywords: arbitrator, land law, controversia, oath, legal proceedings, property, assignatio.

References:

Gvozdeva (1977) – Gvozdeva I.A. Types of fields among the Romans according to the treatises of Julius Frontin [Tipy polej u rimljan po traktatam Julija Frontina] // Questions of agrarian history of ancient Rome [Voprosy agrarnoj istorii drevnego Rima]. Cheboksary, 1977. Р. 11-24.

Gvozdeva (1999) – Gvozdeva I.A. «Finis» and «rigor» in the agrarian law of ancient Rome [«Finis» i «rigor» v agrarnom prave drevnego Rima] // The ancient East and the ancient world [Drevnij Vostok i antichnyj mir]. Vol. 2. Moscow, 1999. Р. 72-79.

Gvozdeva (2006) – Gvozdeva I.A. The Land disputes (controversie) in the treatise Huygens the Elder «About the types of controversies». Translated and with commentary [Zemel’nye spory (kontroversii) v traktate Gigina Starshego «O vidah kontroversij». Perevod i kommentarii] // The History of ancient civilizations. State and law of Ancient Rome. Educational and methodical manual [Istorija drevnih civilizacij. Gosudarstvo i pravo Drevnego Rima. Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie]. N. Novgorod, 2006. Р. 306-310.

Gvozdeva, Gvozdeva (2017) – Gvozdeva I.A., Gvozdeva T.B. Controversia – category of Roman land law [Controversia – kategorija rimskogo zemel’nogo prava] // Modern lawyer [Sovremennyj jurist]. Moscow, 2017. № 1 (18). Р. 91-101.

Gvozdeva (2019) – Gvozdeva I.A. Term Cult in Roman land law [Kul’t Termina v rimskom zemel’nom prave] // Ceremony and ritual in European history [Ceremonija i ritual v evropejskoj istorii]. Moscow, 2019. Р. 42-54.

Dozhdev (1996) – Dozhdev D.V. Basic protection of possession in Roman law [Osnovnye zashhity vladenija v rimskom prave]. Moscow, 1996.

Hinrichs (1974) – Hinrichs F.T. Die Geschichte der gromatischen Institutionen. Wiesbaden, 1974.

Hinrichs (1994) – Hinrichs F.T. Geschichte der Klage finium regundorum: eine Kontroverse mit Rolf Knütel // ZSS. RA. 1994. Bd. 3.

Capogrossi-Colognesi (1969) – Capogrossi-Colognesi L. La struttura della proprietà e la formazione dei «iura praediorum» nell’età republicana. Milano, 1969. V. 1.

Kay (2014) – Kay Ph. Rome’s economic revolution. Oxford: Oxford univ. press, 2014.

Lintott (1992) – Lintott A. Judicial Reform and Land Reform in the Roman Republic. Cambridge, 1992.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW

Vladimir E. Rubanik

Professor of Department of legal regulation of economic activity of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow. E-mail: vladimir-rubanik@yandex.ru

ON HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND SCIENTIFIC MEDIATION OF THE RATIO OF NORMATIVE AND INDIVIDUAL IN THE LEGAL REGULATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS

Abstract

Subject Historical trends in the development of the ratio of normative and individual in the legal regulation of social relations and the scientific mediation of this process.

Goals / objectives Identification of general trends, patterns and specifics in the development of the ratio of normative and individual in the legal regulation of public relations in the modern period of the destruction of a unipolar world order in their correlation with global and regional trends, identifying on this basis the most significant problems in harmonizing the legal regulation of public relations in Russia at present time and forecast for the near future.

Methodology Basic provisions and conclusions of social and deterministic gnoseology of the public and state phenomena, dialectic, systemic-functional approach to their knowledge, situation in a basis of a research of criteria of objectivity, compliance to the truth, the historical truth, logicality, sequence, unities logical and historical are used.

Conclusions To overcome the negative phenomena taking place today in terms of ensuring the effectiveness of legal regulation of public relations, it is necessary to recognize the ruling class of modern Russia as the unity of group and national interests provided by normative and individual legal means, which can only serve as a condition for maintaining the Russian attack now civilization.

Keywords: Russia, the system of Russian law, legal regulation, normativity, individual in legal regulation, the ratio of regulatory and individual.

References:

Alexandrov (1946) – Alexandrov N.G. To the question of the role of the contract in the legal regulation of public relations [K voprosu o roli dogovora v pravovom regulirovanii obshchestvennyh otnoshenij] // Scientific notes of VIYUN. 1946. Issue VI. P. 65-82.

Alekseev (1966) – Alekseev S.S. The mechanism of legal regulation in a socialist state [Mekhanizm pravovogo regulirovaniya v socialisticheskom gosudarstve]. M.: Jurid. lit., 1966.187 p.

Anisimova (2006) – Anisimova A.M. Non-normative regulation of relations of close persons: concept, features [Nenormativnoe regulirovanie otnoshenij blizkih lic: ponyatie, osobennosti] // «Black Holes» in Russian legislation. 2006. № 3. P. 59-61.

Antonova (1985) – Antonova L.I. Local legal regulation (Theoretical study) [Lokal’noe pravovoe regulirovanie (Teoreticheskoe issledovanie)]. L .: Publishing house Leningra. unta, 1985.152 p.

Aslanyan (2002) – Aslanyan N.P. The main principles of Russian private law [Osnovnye nachala rossijskogo chastnogo prava]: Abstract. dis. … Dr. jur. sciences. M., 2002.P. 37-38.

Baytin (1968) – Baytin M.I. On increasing the effectiveness of legal regulation in a socialist nation-wide state [O povyshenii effektivnosti pravovogo regulirovaniya v socialisticheskom obshchenarodnom gosudarstve] // Issues of the theory of state and law. Issue 1. Saratov: Publishing house of Sarat. legal Institute, 1968.P. 72-90.

Bezina (1984) – Bezina A.K. Individual-contractual regulation of labor of workers and employees [Individual’no-dogovornoe regulirovanie truda rabochih i sluzhashchih] / A.K. Bezina, A.A. Bikeev, D.A. Safina. Kazan: Kazan Publishing House. University, 1984. 136 p.

Bezina (1989) – Bezina A.K. Judicial practice in the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations [Sudebnaya praktika v mekhanizme pravovogo regulirovaniya trudovyh otnoshenij.]. Kazan: Kazan Publishing House. University, 1989.184 p.

Berezovskaya (2005) – Berezovskaya E.V. Legal interpretation and individual legal regulation [Pravotolkovanie i individual’noe pravovoe regulirovanie]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. Kazan, 2005. P. 7-8.

Bologin (2010) – Bologin S.Yu. Legal interpretation and legal regulation [Pravotolkovanie i pravovoe regulirovanie]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. Kazan, 2010. 22 p.

Berzhanin (1985) – Berzhanin A.A. Individual-contractual legal regulation of working conditions of workers and employees [Individual’no-dogovornoe pravovoe regulirovanie uslovij truda rabochih i sluzhashchih]: Abstract. dis. … cand. legal sciences. M., 1985; and etc.

Bodrov (2004) – Bodrov S.Yu. Judicial precedent in the system of sources of Russian law: theory and practice [Sudebnyj precedent v sisteme istochnikov rossijskogo prava: voprosy teorii i praktiki]: Abstract. dis. … cand. legal sciences. Ulyanovsk, 2004.22 p.

Bogdanovskaya (2002) – Bogdanovskaya I.Yu. Judicial precedent – the source of law? [Sudebnyj precedent – istochnik prava?] // State and law. M .: Nauka, 2002. № 12. Р. 5-10.

Bonner (2004) – Bonner A.T. Judicial precedent in the Russian legal system [Sudebnyj precedent v rossijskoj pravovoj sisteme] // Russian Yearbook of Civil and Arbitration. № 3. St. Petersburg. Ed. House of St. Petersburg. state University, 2004. Р. 151-161.

Bublik (2002) – Bublik V.A. Private and public principles in civil law [Chastnye i publichnye nachala v grazhdanskom prave // Rossijskij yuridicheskij zhurnal.] // Russian Law Journal. 2002. № 1. Р. 5-13.

Buzarova (2007) – Buzarova N.Kh. Legal means of individualization of a citizen [Pravovye sredstva individualizacii grazhdanina] // «Black Holes» in Russian legislation. 2007. № 2. Р. 372-375.

Vedyakhin (2002) – Vedyakhin V.M. Types and methods of legal regulation of market relations [Tipy i metody pravovogo regulirovaniya rynochnyh otnoshenij] / V.M. Vedyakhin, S.N. Revina // Jurisprudence. 2002. № 2. P. 232-244.

Vezhnovets (1987) – Vezhnovets V.N. Individual acts of internal affairs bodies for the protection of public order [Individual’nye akty organov vnutrennih del po ohrane obshchestvennogo poryadka]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. M., 1987.22 p.

Velezhev (2005) – Velezhev S.I. Normative and casual law (theoretical and methodological and comparative legal analysis) [Normativnost’ i kazual’nost’ prava (teoretiko-metodologicheskij i sravnitel’no-pravovoj analiz)]: Author. dis. … Dr. jur. sciences. St. Petersburg, 2005.49 p.

Wilkhovskaya (1974) – Wilkhovskaya C.L. Individual regulation in the process of applying law [Individual’noe regulirovanie v processe primeneniya prava] // Collection of graduate work: materials of the annual graduate student conference. Vol. 17. Sverdlovsk: Sverdlov. legal Institute, 1974. P. 13-15.

Witchenko (1974) – Witchenko A.M. The method of legal regulation of public relations [Metod pravovogo regulirovaniya obshchestvennyh otnoshenij]. Saratov: Publishing House of Saratov, University, 1974. 161 p.

Volkov (2002) – Volkov K.A. Judicial precedent and its role in the regulation of criminal law relations [Sudebnyj precedent i ego rol’ v regulirovanii ugolovno-pravovyh otnoshenij]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. Khabarovsk, 2002.P. 8-9.

Volfovskaya (2005) – Volfovskaya Y. S., Postnov A.C. Interpretation of individual legal contracts: grounds and goals [Tolkovanie individual’nyh pravovyh dogovorov: osnovaniya i celi] // Actual problems of the theory and history of the legal system of society. / Ans. ed. V.N. Kartashov. Yaroslavl, 2005. Issue. 5, pp. 103-109.

Hegel (1978) – Hegel. Political works [Politicheskie proizvedeniya]. M .: Nauka, 1978.P. 176.

Hegel  (1990) – Hegel. The philosophy of law [Filosofiya prava]. M .: Nauka, 1990.P. 279.

Gorshenev (1972) – Gorshenev V.M. Methods and organizational forms of legal regulation in a socialist society [Sposoby i organizacionnye formy pravovogo regulirovaniya v socialisticheskom obshchestve]. M., 1972. 256 p.

Gorshenev (1963) – Gorshenev V.M. The participation of public organizations in legal regulation [Uchastie obshchestvennyh organizacij v pravovom regulirovanii]. M .: Gosyurizdat, 1963. 167 p.

Grevtsov (1981) – Grevtsov Yu.I. To the problem of legal regulation [K probleme pravovogo regulirovaniya] // Jurisprudence. 1981. № 1. P. 48-54.

Gurvich (1955) – Gurvich M.A. The decision of the Soviet court in the lawsuit [Reshenie sovetskogo suda v iskovom proizvodstve]. M., 1955; him: Judgment. Theoretical problems. M., 1976; and etc.

Dementiev (2009) – Dementiev I.V. Individual (non-normative) tax legal acts [Individual’nye (nenormativnye) nalogovye pravovye akty]. M.: «Axis-89», 2009. 208 p.

Demin (1998) – Demin A.B. Regulatory contract as a source of administrative law [Normativnyj dogovor kak istochnik administrativnogo prava] // State and Law. 1998. № 2. Р. 15-21.

Demchenko (2005) – Demchenko N.V. Individual administrative-protective acts: some questions of the theory [Individual’nye administrativno-ohranitel’nye akty: nekotorye voprosy teorii] / N.V. Demchenko, P.I. Kononov // Police law. Scientific and practical journal. Omsk 2005. № 4. P. 14-18.

Diveeva (2008) – Diveeva N.I. Theoretical problems of individual legal regulation of labor relations [Teoreticheskie problemy individual’nogo pravovogo regulirovaniya trudovyh otnoshenij]: author. dis. … Dr. jur. sciences. St. Petersburg, 2008.47 р.

Diveeva (1999) – Diveeva N.I. Contractual foundations of Russian labor law [Dogovornye osnovy trudovogo prava Rossii]. Barnaul, 1999.223 р.

Egorov (2004) – Egorov Yu.P. Legal regime of transactions as means of individual regulation [Pravovoj rezhim sdelok kak sredstv individual’nogo regulirovaniya]. Novosibirsk: Siberia. ed. firm «Science» RAS, 2004. 215 p.

Ershov (1986) – Ershov V.V. Individual judicial regulation [Individual’noe sudebnoe regulirovanie] // Jurisprudence. 1986. № 6. Р. 9-17.

Zavadskaya (1982) – Zavadskaya L.I. The implementation of judicial decisions: theoretical aspects [Realizaciya sudebnyh reshenij: teoreticheskie aspekty]. M., 1982.

Ivanets (2001) – Ivanets G.I. Law as a normative expression of agreed interests [Pravo kak normativnoe vyrazhenie soglasovannyh interesov]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. M., 2001.Р. 3.

Ivanov (2000) – Ivanov V.V. To the question of the theory of a regulatory contract [K voprosu o teorii normativnogo dogovora] // Journal of Russian Law. 2000. № 7. P. 85-97.

Isakov, Kashanina, Samigullin (1974) – Isakov V.B., Kashanina T.V., Samigullin V.K. Individual regulation of public relations as an element of the legal regulation system [Individual’noe regulirovanie obshchestvennyh otnoshenij kak element sistemy pravovogo regulirovaniya] // Collection of graduate studies: Materials of the annual graduate conference. Vol. 17. Sverdlovsk: Publishing house of Sverdlov. legal Inst., 1974. Р. 3-12.

Katz (1965) – Katz A.K. Specification by court of civil and family legal relations with partially unregulated content [Konkretizaciya sudom grazhdanskih i semejnyh pravootnoshenij s chastichno neuregulirovannym soderzhaniem]: Abstract. dis. … cand. legal sciences. Sverdlovsk, 1965.16 р.

Kashanina  (1992) – Kashanina T.V. Individual regulation in the legal sphere [Individual’noe regulirovanie v pravovoj sfere] // Soviet State and Law. 1992. № 1. Р. 122-130.

Kashanina (1974) – Kashanina T.V. The limits of individual regulation and the means of their establishment [Predely individual’nogo regulirovaniya i sredstva ih ustanovleniya] // Collection of postgraduate works: Materials of the annual postgraduate conference. Vol. 17. Sverdlovsk: Publishing house of Sverdlov. legal Inst., 1974.P. 16-19.

Kashanina (1991) – Kashanina T.V. Correlation of centralized and decentralized legal regulation [Sootnoshenie centralizovannogo i decentralizovannogo pravovogo regulirovaniya] // Jurisprudence. 1991. № 4. P. 54-64.

Knyaginin  (1992) – Knyaginin K.N. To the question of types of sub-normative legal regulation [K voprosu o vidah podnormativnogo pravovogo regulirovaniya] // Actual issues of improving legislation and practice of its implementation. Ekaterinburg: Sverdl. legal Institute, 1992.P. 17-20.

Koretsky (2001) – Koretsky A.D. Theoretical and legal foundations of the doctrine of the contract [Teoretiko-pravovye osnovy ucheniya o dogovore]. SPb., 2001.

Krasnoyruzhsky  (1989) – Krasnoyruzhsky S. Individual legal regulation [Individual’noe pravovoe regulirovanie] // Sov. justice. 1989. № 13. P. 15-17.

Krasnoyruzhsky (1990) – Krasnoyruzhsky S.G. The views of Soviet lawyers on the problem of individual legal regulation of socialist social relations [Vzglyady sovetskih yuristov na problemu individual’nogo pravovogo regulirovaniya socialisticheskih obshchestvennyh otnoshenij] // Actual problems of the history of political and legal doctrines. M., 1990.P. 137-151.

Krasnoyruzhsky (1996) – Krasnoyruzhsky S.G. Individual legal regulation in a democratic society [Individual’noe pravovoe regulirovanie v demokraticheskom obshchestve] // Power of power, power of power. M., 1996.P. 99-108.

Krasnoyaruzhsky (1993) – Krasnoyaruzhsky S.G. Individual legal regulation: the general theoretical aspect [Individual’noe pravovoe regulirovanie: obshcheteoreticheskij aspekt] // State and law. 1993. № 7. P. 127-135.

Kulakova (2005) – Kulakova Yu.Yu. Regulatory contract in the system of forms of Russian law [Normativnyj dogovor v sisteme form rossijskogo prava]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. M., 2005. 19 p.

Kurbatov (2001) – Kurbatov A.Ya. Theoretical foundations of a combination of private and public interests in the legal regulation of entrepreneurial activity [Teoreticheskie osnovy sochetaniya chastnyh i publichnyh interesov pri pravovom regulirovanii predprinimatel’skoj deyatel’nosti]. M .: YurInfoR, 2001.212 p.

Lozovskaya (2005) – Lozovskaya S.V. Legal precedent: questions of theory and practice [Pravovoj precedent: voprosy teorii i praktiki]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. Ekaterinburg, 2005.24 p.

Lutsevich (2006) – Lutsevich S.S. Judicial precedent and the prospects of its formation as a source of law in Russia [Sudebnyj precedent i perspektivy ego stanovleniya v kachestve istochnika prava v Rossii]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. Krasnodar, 2006.29 p.

Malikov (1991) – Malikov M.K. The role of individual regulation in the Soviet rule of law // Implementation and protection of property rights of citizens and organizations in the formation of a socialist rule of law [Rol’ individual’nogo regulirovaniya v sovetskom pravovom gosudarstve]. Ufa, 1991.P. 157-161.

Maltsev (2012) – Maltsev G.V. Legal regulation as a social process [Pravovoe regulirovanie kak social’nyj process]. – [See: http://www.centrlaw.ru/publikacii/page22/index.html. – 08/12/2012].

Martirosyan (1986) – Martirosyan E.R. Individual legal acts in the system of regulation of the labor process [Individual’nye pravovye akty v sisteme regulirovaniya processa truda] / E.R. Martirosyan, L.G. Bolshakova // Jurisprudence. 1986. № 1. P. 61-64.

Mednaya (2008) -Mednaya Yu.V. Sub-normative legal regulation of public relations [Podnormativnoe pravovoe regulirovanie obshchestvennyh otnoshenij]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. Saratov, 2008.22 p.

Menshikov (1967) – Menshikov V.V. On the concept of an individual legal act [O ponyatii individual’nogo yuridicheskogo akta] // Transactions in jurisprudence: materials for the conference of the Novosibirsk faculty based on the results of research work in 1967, Novosibirsk, 1968. P. 20-29; him: Requirements for individual acts // Collection of graduate work. Vol. 8. Sverdlovsk: Sverdlov. legal Institute, 1969.P. 50-53.

Minnikes (2009) – Minnikes I.A. Individual legal regulation (theoretical and legal analysis) [Individual’noe pravovoe regulirovanie (teoretiko-pravovoj analiz)]: Author. diss. … Dr. jur. sciences. Yekaterinburg, 2009.48 p.

Minnikes (2008) – Minnikes I.A. Individual legal regulation: problems of theory and practice. Irkutsk [Individual’noe pravovoe regulirovanie: problemy teorii i praktiki]: Institute of Legislation and Legal Information, 2008.160 p.

Minnikes (2009) – Minnikes I.A. Legal personification: practical aspects of individual legal regulation. Irkutsk [Pravovaya personifikaciya: prakticheskie aspekty individual’nogo pravovogo regulirovaniya]: Institute of Legislation and Legal Information, 2009. 60 p. (Series «On-scientific reports». Issue 3).

Muravsky (2002) – Muravsky V.A. The role of individual norms in the formation of relevant law [Rol’ individual’nyh norm v obrazovanii aktual’nogo prava] // Scientific Yearbook of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Vol. 3. Eka-Terinburg, 2002. P. 283-303.

Nekrasova (2004) – Nekrasova M.E. The contract as a theoretical and legal category [Dogovor kak teoretiko-pravovaya kategoriya]: Abstract. dis. … cand. legal sciences. M., 2004. 18 p.

Nemytina (2005) – Nemytina M.V. Preface // Harmonization of private and public interests: a collection of scientific articles. Series «The Law of Russia: New Approaches» [Predislovie // Garmonizaciya chastnyh i publichnyh interesov: sbornik nauchnyh statej]. Saratov: Scientific Book, 2005. Issue. 2. P. 11-12.

Nemytina (2011) – Nemytina M.V. Harmonization of private and public as a universal methodological approach in legal regulation [Garmonizaciya chastnogo i publichnogo kak universal’nyj metodologicheskij podhod v pravovom regulirovanii] // Modern jurisprudence: the search for methodological grounds. Zhidkov readings: Materials of the All-Russian Scientific Conference. Moscow, March 26, 2010 / Ed.: Muromtsev G.I., Nemytina M.V. – M .: RUDN, 2011.P. 329-338

Nersesyants (1997) – Nersesyants V.S. The court does not legislate and does not govern, but applies the law (on the enforcement nature of judicial acts) [Sud ne zakonodatel’stvuet i ne upravlyaet, a primenyaet pravo (o pravoprimenitel’noj prirode sudebnyh aktov)] // Judicial practice as a source of law. / Ed. B.N. Topornina. M., 1997. P. 21-38. – [See: http://law.edu.ru/article/article.asp?articleID=1402530. – 08/11/2009].

Nechitailo (2002) – Nechitailo M.A. Regulatory contract as a source of law [Normativnyj dogovor kak istochnik prava]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. M., 2002.18 p.

Nizhechek (1973) – Nizhechek V.I. Soviet law in the system of normative regulation of socialist social relations [Sovetskoe pravo v sisteme normativnogo regulirovaniya socialisticheskih obshchestvennyh otnoshenij]. Irkutsk: East-Sib. Prince Publishing House 1973. 456 p.

Osipov (2008) – Osipov M.Yu. Legal regulation as a dynamic system: concept, structure, functions [Pravovoe regulirovanie kak dinamicheskaya sistema: ponyatie, struktura, funkcii]: Author. diss. … cand. legal sciences. M., 2008. 18 p.

Panin (2004) – Panin I.V. The principles of interaction between institutions of state regulation and self-regulation [Principy vzaimodejstviya institutov gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya i samoregulirovaniya] // Jurisprudence. 2004. № 6. Р. 58-62.

Penkov (1972) – Penkov E.M. Social norms – regulators of personality behavior: some issues of methodology and theory [Social’nye normy – regulyatory povedeniya lichnosti: nekotorye voprosy metodologii i teorii]. M.: Thought, 1972. 198 p.

Plyusnina (2004) – Plyusnina O.B. Individual legal agreements: nature, practice of implementation and interpretation [Individual’no-pravovye dogovory: priroda, praktika realizacii i tolkovaniya]: Abstract. diss. … cand. legal sciences. N. Novgorod, 2004.28 р.

Popondupolo (2002) – Popondupolo V.F. The system of public relations and their legal forms: On the question of the system of law [Sistema obshchestvennyh otnoshenij i ih pravovye formy: K voprosu o sisteme prava] // Jurisprudence. 2002. № 4 (243). Р. 78-101.

Potapenko (2003) – Potapenko S. Delimitation of normative and non-normative acts in the consideration of cases arising from public legal relations [Razgranichenie normativnyh i nenormativnyh aktov pri rassmotrenii del, voznikayushchih iz publichnyh pravootnoshenij] // Russian Justice. 2003. № 5. P. 30-31.

Rabinovich (1985) – Rabinovich P.M. Concretization of legal norms (general theoretical problems) [Konkretizaciya pravovyh norm (obshcheteoreticheskie problemy)] / P.M. Rabinovich, G.G. Shmeleva // Jurisprudence. 1985. № 6. P. 31-39.

Tikhomirov (2005) – Tikhomirov Yu.A. Law and self-regulation [Pravo i samoregulirovanie] // Journal of Russian Law. 2005. № 9. P. 86-96.

Tkacheva (1973) – Tkacheva S.G. Concretization of the law and its judicial interpretation [Konkretizaciya zakona i ego sudebnoe tolkovanie]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. M., 1973. 20 p.

Halfina (1954)- Halfina P.O. The meaning and essence of the contract in Soviet socialist civil law [Znachenie i sushchnost’ dogovora v sovetskom socialisticheskom grazhdanskom prave]. M., 1954.

Shaburov (1974) – Shaburov A.S. On the correlation of autonomous and individual legal regulation [O sootnoshenii avtonomnogo i individual’nogo pravovogo regulirovaniya] // Collection of postgraduate works: materials of the annual postgraduate conference. Vol. 17. Sverdlovsk: Publishing house of Sverdlov. legal Inst., 1974.P. 40-45.

Shaikenov (1974) – Shaikenov N.A. Contradictions in legal regulation and individual regulation of public relations [Protivorechiya v pravovom regulirovanii i individual’noe regulirovanie obshchestvennyh otnoshenij] // Collection of graduate work: materials of the annual post-graduate conference. Vol. 17. Sverdlovsk: Publishing house of Sverdlov. legal Inst., 1974.P. 20-22.

Sharifullin (2007) – Sharifullin V.R. Private regulation: theoretical and legal research. Kazan [Chastnopravovoe regulirovanie: teoretiko-pravovoe issledovanie]: Kazan Publishing House. University, 2007.132 p.

Yavich (1961)- Yavich L.S. Problems of legal regulation of Soviet public relations [Problemy pravovogo regulirovaniya sovetskih obshchestvennyh otnoshenij]. M .: Gosyurizdat, 1961.172 p.

Yavich (1957) – Yavich L.S. Soviet law is a regulator of public relations in the USSR [Sovetskoe pravo regulyator obshchestvennyh otnoshenij v SSSR]. Stalingrad, 1957.

Yadrintseva (2006) – Yadrintseva O. Individual contractual enforcement [Individual’no-dogovornoe pravoprimenenie]: Author. dis. … cand. legal sciences. N. Novgorod, 2006.16 p.

Natalia A. Slavova

PhD in Law, Head of the Department of Legal Disciplines, of Legal Disciplines of Russian New University. Moscow.

E-mail: slavova.natalja@yandex.ru

Alla P. Adamenko

PhD in Law, associate Professor, Department of Civil Law, Russian State University of Justice. Moscow.

E-mail: alla_adamenko@mail.ru

PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES AND SOCIAL PRESTIGE OF A LAWYER AS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF LEGAL CULTURE

Abstract

Purpose Legal activity is carried out in a moral coordinate system (norms – principles, evaluative representations, concepts of moral consciousness, etc.), which is based on the recognition of professional duty and vocation, assumes freedom of choice and personal moral responsibility. In this regard, the professional qualities of a lawyer are formed on the basis of the moral reformation of society, the normative regulation of legal activity and legal culture. The professional activity of a lawyer is accompanied by the implementation of various actions, such as: communication with people who have asked for help; legal consultation; preventive conversation; administrative analysis of the offense; during search operations – interrogation, confrontation, etc. In each action, the features of the professional activities of a lawyer are manifested, which reflect the social significance and professional qualities of a lawyer, which can be formed through a legal culture.

Methods dialectics, analysis and synthesis.

Results The professional qualities of a lawyer predetermine his image as a specialist and authority among people and in society as a whole. Professional possession of knowledge, skills and abilities (which in the synthesis represent the legal culture) characterize the lawyer as a representative of the profession and the profession itself, form the public prestige of the legal profession and the society of lawyers. A lawyer should not only possess knowledge of individual legal norms, but also have a wide legal awareness, understand the characteristic trends and patterns of evolution and development of legislative activity in society.

Keywords:  professional qualities of a lawyer, legal culture, lawyer, social prestige of a lawyer, legal profession.

Reference:

Meier (2004) – Meier William D.A Project Developed by the International Law and Practice Section. / William D. Meier. Washington: ABA N.W., 2004. 64 p.

Ciceron. Three treatises on oratory [Tri traktata ob oratorskom iskusstve]/ Cicero. Yekaterinburg: Ural, 2009.475 p.

LABOUR LAW

Alena N. Prizhennikova

Ph. D., associate Professor, associate Professor of the Department of legal regulation of economic activity of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow

E-mail: alenaprizhen@mail.ru

DIGITAL ECONOMY AND LABOR RELATIONS

Abstract

Object The use of information and communication systems makes it possible to use new communication formats for participants in public relations.

Goals/objectives Electronic technologies are becoming particularly important in the field of labor relations. Current issues with document management, discussions about the need to introduce electronic workbooks and their implementation in 2020, atypical areas of employment-in all these areas, information technology has already found application.

Methodology Methods of analysis, synthesis, description, comparison, historical method, method of comparative law, methods of formal logic were used.

Conclusion Digitalization has already changed the labor market and the reason for this was the introduction of innovation to a wide range of users. This trend can be traced both in the professional activity of a person and in everyday life.

Keywords: labor relations, electronic document management, labor contract, remote labor, information technology.

References

Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies, FIN-2013-G001, Issued: March 18, 2013. P. 1. [Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies]

Goncharov V. N., Erokhin O. Yu. (2014) – Goncharov V. N., Erokhin O. Yu., and others. Information society: problems of formation and regularities of development: monograph [Informacionnoe obshchestvo: problemy stanovleniya i zakonomernosti razvitiya] / V.N. Goncharov, A. M. Erokhin, O. Yu. Kolosova, and others-Novosibirsk: TSRNS Publishing house, 2014. // URL: // http: // science.vvsu.ru/files (accessed: 06.04.2018).

New professions in the digital economy [Novye professii v usloviyah cifrovoj ekonomiki] // URL: // http: // career.ru (accessed 20.02.2019). Rozhkov M.A. (2018) – Law in the field of the Internet [Law in the field of the Internet]: Collection of articles (hands. auth. qualitative and ed. ed. M. A. Rozhkov) («Statute», 2018) // SPS «Consultant Plus».

Prizhennikova A. N. (2018) – Prizhennikova A.N. Cryptocurrency-object of civil rights? [Kriptovalyuta – ob”ekt grazhdanskih prav?] // Eurasian legal journal. 2018. № 4.

Prizhennikova A. N. (2019) – Prizhennikova A.N. Blockchain technologies in labor relations: prospects and development [Tekhnologii blokchejn v trudovyh pravootnosheniyah: perspektivy i razvitie] // Education and law. 2019. № 1.

Prizhennikova A. N. (2019) – Prizhennikova A.N. Digital industry in modern Russian reality [Cifrovaya industriya v sovremennoj rossijskoj dejstvitel’nosti] // Education and law. 2019. № 4.

Prizhennikova A. N. (2018) – Prizhennikova A.N. Digital law: prospects of development [Cifrovoe pravo: perspektivy razvitiya] // Education and law. 2018. № 5.

Ramazanova S.R. (2017) – Ramazanova S.R. Moral imperatives of personality in the context of information society [Nravstvennye imperativy lichnosti v kontekste informacionnogo obshchestva]: thesis for the degree of candidate of philosophy. Pyatigorsk, 2017 // URL: // https: // www.ncfu.ru/uploads/doc/disser_ramazanova.pdf (accessed: 06.04.2018).

Labor market and job search [Labor market and job search]/ / URL: / / http: / /yandex.ru/ / company// research (accessed 20.02.2019).

Savelyev A. I. (2016) – Savelyev A.I. Contract law 2.0: “Smart” contracts as the beginning of the end of classical contract law [“Umnye” kontrakty kak nachalo konca klassicheskogo dogovornogo prava] / / Bulletin of civil law. 2016. N 3. Pp. 32-59.

Strategy of development of information society in the Russian Federation for 2017-2030 [Strategiya razvitiya informacionnogo obshchestva v Rossijskoj Federacii na 2017 – 2030 gody] (approved by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of may 9, 2017 N 203) / / Source: www.kremlin.ru.

Labor code of the Russian Federation [Trudovoj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii] of 30.12.2001 N 197-FZ // SPS «Consultant Plus».

URL: // http://fpkp.sfu kras.ru/sites/default/files/programs/programma_5.pdf (accessed 20.02.2019).

URL: // https://vc.ru/flood/42027-blokcheyn-v-sisteme-professionalnogo-obrazovaniya (accessed 20.02.2019).

URL://https://www.ria.ru/ru/ru/facilities

/11bf052e3fdc11e49ac03cd92b04e0f8 / Pages / digital economy.aspx ° FGBOU VO «REA im. G. V. Plekhanov» (date accessed: 20.02.2019).

Federal law of July 10, 2002 # 86-FZ «On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)» [«O Central’nom banke Rossijskoj Federacii (Banke Rossii)»] // SPS «Consultant Plus».

Bondarenko D. D. (2015) – Cyte. software: Bondarenko D. D. Virtual currencies: the essence and fight against their use for criminal purposes (for example, the United States) [Virtual’nye valyuty: sushchnost’ i bor’ba s ih ispol’zovaniem v prestupnyh celyah (na primere SShA)] // SPS «Consultant Plus».

Gromova E. A. (2018) – Cyte. Po: Gromova E. A. Smart contracts in Russia: an attempt to determine the legal essence [Smart-kontrakty v Rossii: popytka opredeleniya pravovoj sushchnosti] // Law and digital economy. 2018. № 2 // Lauslahti K., Mattila J., Seppala T. Smart Contacts – How will Blockchain Technology Affect Contractual Practices // URL: https://www.etla.fi/wp-content/uploads/ETLA-Raportit-Reports-68.pdf (accessed 18.02.2018).

Filippova I. A. (2018) – Cyte po: Filippova I. A. Legal regulation of labor-2020: paradigm shift as a consequence of digitalization of the economy [Pravovoe regulirovanie truda – 2020: smena paradigmy kak sledstvie cifrovizacii ekonomiki]. – Lawyer. 2018. # 1 // SPS «Consultant Plus».

CRIMINAL LAW

Pavel N. Smolyakov

judge of the Transbaikal regional court, associate professor at Baikal State University, postdoctoral researcher at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Candidate of Legal Sciences

E-mail: pavelsmol@rambler.ru

DETECTION OF ELEMENTS OF A CRIME/ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENCE AT THE INITIAL LEGAL PROCEEDINGS (COMPARATIVE ASPECTS)

Abstract

Subject/theme The subject of the study is public relations related to the establishment of corpus delicti and administrative offenses at the stage of initiating relevant cases.

Goals/objectives The purpose of the study is the relationship between the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, which is also a procedural law, when applying substantive law.

Methodology The methodological basis of the research is the universal method of cognition, general scientific research methods, including systemic and logical methods, as well as analysis, synthesis, etc.

Conclusion The described problems expand the possibilities of arbitrary registration of applications (messages) in different procedural orders, gaining relevance in the era of electronic communications services and other digital technologies, for which the infrastructure of law enforcement agencies is now tuned. On the one hand, these services facilitate the appeal of citizens and legal entities with statements (messages), and on the other hand, create room for official abuse.

Keywords: application, crime, administrative offence, incident, register.

References:

Sedelnikov (2017) – Sedelnikov P.V. Means of verifying statements and incident reports [Sredstva proverki zayavleniya i soobshcheniya o proisshestvii] // Legislation and practice. 2017. № 2.

Borulenkov (2013) – Borulenkov Yu.P. Aftercare: pros and cons [Dosledstvennaya proverka: za i protiv] // Russian investigator. 2013.

How to file a complaint with the police? [Kak obratit’sya s zayavleniem v policiyu?] // ABC of law: electronic journal 2020.