The Modern Lawyer №4(17)

CONTENT

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW

8

Svetlana S. Gorokhova

candidate of legal sciences, associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of legal regulation of economic activity Department at «Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation», Moscow (E-mail: swettalana@yandex.ru)

Security as a legal category

Abstract

The article reflects the issues of regulatory consolidation the theoretical framework of the «security» category, conducted legal analysis of regulatory legal acts including the concept, discusses the various aspects and types of security, there are discussion questions in the approaches to the definition of the state, public and personal security of citizens, the current Russian legislation. Considering the security, as a legal category, it should be recognized that detect and identify all legal acts that operate on this concept in a particular context, in one article is not possible, since these acts are so numerous and varied in subject matter of their legal regulation, no matter how numerous and various kinds of social relations inherent in contemporary civilization

Keywords: security, national security, public safety, personal security, economic security, information security, ecological security.

JEL Classification: K20

References:

  1. Gorohova 2013 – Gorohova S.S. Actual problems of the theory of state-building and national security [Aktualnyie problemyi teorii gosudarstvennogo stroitelstva i natsionalnoy bezopasnosti] / Russian law: trends and prospects: Monograph / Under obsch.nauch. Ed.: N.A. Frolova – M.: Orbit-M, 2013. P.121-126.
  2. Shelomentsev 2015 – Shelomentsev V.N. Gorokhova S.S. Questions confiscation of property used or intended to finance extremist activities [Voprosyi konfiskatsii imuschestva, ispolzuemogo ili prednaznachennogo dlya finansirovaniya ekstremistskoy deyatelnosti] // lawyer. 2015. N 7. P. 5 – 9.
  3. The neo-liberal interpretation of social rights and their legislative basis in parliamentary activity early XX centuries [Neoliberalnaya traktovka sotsialnyih prav i ih zakonodatelnoe zakreplenie v parlamentskoy deyatelnosti nachala XX vv.] / A.V. Popova. // Magazine of the Russian right. – 2010. – N 4. – P.131 – 139.


8

Andrey V. Ryzhyk

PhD in Legal Sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow (E-mail: aspirant8381@mail.ru)

Institutionalization of the owners interests in the norms of Russian law

Abstract. The article deals with the specifics of understanding the category of legitimate interests in the theory of law. Special attention has been drawn to the fact that the domestic jurisprudence is dominated by a very narrow understanding of the content of law-making, the content and structure of the law-making subjects’ actions that are related to the procedures of institutionalization in the specific rules of law of phenomenas of needs, interests, strong-willed, value and other resources of the entities to whom this right is necessary. The paper substantiates the position that the conceptual stage of the law-making process, the subject of which is the development of legal resources of property relations regulation, taking into account the interests of owners, is a multifaceted scientific and theoretical work of creative teams from different schools, areas of theoretical jurisprudence, subjects of legislative, judicial, executive branches of power, civil society, the result of which can be several variants of specific legal document concept.

Keywords: private property, law, interest, subjects of law-making, institutionalization, the owner, the legal status of the state.

JEL Classification: K11

References:

  1. Vasnov2009 – Vasnov V.V. The concept of civil law [Koncepciya razvitiya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel’stva] // The Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. 2009. N 11, P. 5.
  2. The concept of civil law [Koncepciya razvitiya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel’stva] The Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. 2009. N 11, P. 10.
  3. The concept of civil law [Koncepciya razvitiya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel’stva] The Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. 2009. N 11, P. 15.

 

15

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

20

Natalia I. Potashkova

Master of Law, teacher of history and social Sciences, Lakinskaya Secondary School, Krasnoyarsk region (E-mail: potashkowa@yandex.ru)

Yuri V. Stepanenko

Doctor of Legal Sciences, Honored lawyer of the Russian Federation, professor, Department of Administrative Law and Process, Moscow State Law University named after O. E. Kutafin (MSAL), Moscow; senior research associate, National Research Institute under Ministry of Internal Affaris of Russian Federation, Moscow (E-mail: Stepanenko.50@mail.ru)

Revisiting the question of the legal status of complex territorial entities of the Russian Federation

Abstract. The article presents the problem of the absence ofspecial legislation and norms legitimating the constitutional status of the complex of constituent entities of the Russian Federation due to the special status of the former autonomous districts. The peculiarities of structure of such entities have been studied, the characteristics have been analyzed, a description of the process of structural evolution has been conducted on the example of Krasnoyarsk Region and some other regions of the Russian Federation. The practice of law-making activities in a multi-structured subjects of the Russian Federation has been analyzed as well as elements of special status of administrative-territorial districts. The lack of responsibility mechanism of the executive and legislative authorities of a complexly arranged subject of the Russian Federation for non-compliance (violation) of the law on the special status has been defined and concrete legislative proposals have been made.

Key words: indigenous population, Autonomous region, administrative-territorial district, monosubject, municipal district, special status, polysubject, complex, slozhnosostavnyh the subject of the Russian Federation, Federal structure.

JEL Classification: K19

References:

  1. Baryshnikova 2005 – Baryshnikova A. N. The prospect of reintegration of the compound of constituent entities of the Russian Federation (on the example of Tyumen region) [Perspektiva  reintegracii slozhnopodchinennyh sub”ektov Rossijskoj Federacii (na  primere Tyumenskoj oblasti)]. Cand. the faculty of law. Sciences. [diss. kand. yurid. nauk]- Surgut, 2005. [in Russian]
  2. Bezrukov 2005 –Bezrukov In. The formation of a new subject of the Russian Federation: Perm experience and prospects of the Krasnoyarsk region [Obrazovanie novogo sub”ekta  RF: permskij opyt i perspektivy Krasnoyarskogo kraya]// the Constitutional and municipal law. [Konstitucionnoe i municipal’noe pravo]. 2005. №. 5. [in Russian]
  3. Dzantiev 2010 – Dzantiev G. T. Constitutional and legal bases of development of federalism in the conditions of uniting of entities of the Russian Federation [Konstitucionno-pravovye osnovy razvitiya federalizma  v usloviyah ob”edineniya sub”ektov Rossijskoj Federacii]: Diss. Cand. the faculty of law. Sciences. [diss. kand. yurid. nauk].- M. the 2010.
  4. Ivanov 2002 – Ivanov V. V. Autonomous area from the edges of regions – the phenomenon of “a composite of constituent entities of the Russian Federation” the Constitutional-legal study [Avtonomnye okruga  v sostave kraya, oblastej – fenomen «slozhnosostavnyh sub”ektov Rossijskoj Federacii»: Konstitucionno-pravovoe issledovanie.]: Diss. Cand. the faculty of law. Sciences. [diss. kand. yurid. nauk] – M.: 2002.
  5. Stepanov 2010 – Stepanov G. G. The constitutional-legal status of subjects of the Russian Federation (on the example of Kamchatka region) [Konstitucionno-pravovoj status sub”ekta  Rossijskoj Federacii (na  primere Kamchatskogo kraya)] // the Young scientist. [Molodoj uchenyj] – 2010. – №1-2.
  6. Gophers 2006 – Gophers D. M. Peculiarities of the legal status of “sophisticated” subjects of the Russian Federation [Osobennosti pravovogo statusa  «slozhnoustroennyh» sub”ektov Rossijskoj Federacii]//Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk state University in [ZHurnal Vestnik CHelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta] 2006. №. 2
  7. Timchenko 2015 – Timchenko D. V, Asymmetry of Russian federalism : constitutional and legal aspect [Asimmetriya rossijskogo federalizma : konstitucionno-pravovoj aspekt]// Problems of political science: international. scientific. Conf. [Voprosy politicheskoj nauki: materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii] (Moscow, June 2015). [g. Moskva, iyun’ 2015] – M.: Buki-Vedi, 2015.
  8. The Federal constitutional law dated 25.03.2004 N 1-FKZ (edited on 12.04.2006) “On education in the Russian Federation the new subject of the Russian Federation through the merger of Perm oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous area” // meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 29.03.2004, N 13, item 1110.
  9. Federal constitutional law 14.10.2005 N 6-FKZ “About formation in the Russian Federation the new subject of the Russian Federation through the merger of Krasnoyarsk territory, Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous district and Evenkia Autonomous district” // collected legislation of the Russian Federation, 17.10.2005, No. 42, article 4212.
  10. Federal constitutional law of 30 December 2006 N 6-FKZ “About formation in the Russian Federation the new subject of the Russian Federation through the merger of Irkutsk region and Ust-Ordynsky Buryat Autonomous area” //meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2007, N 1, article 1.
  11. Federal constitutional law of July 12, 2006 N 2-FKZ “About formation in the Russian Federation the new subject of the Russian Federation through the merger of Kamchatka region and the Koryak Autonomous area” //meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2006, N 29, article 3119.
  12. Federal constitutional law of 21 July 2007 N 5-FKZ “About formation in the Russian Federation the new subject of the Russian Federation through the merger of Chita oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous area” //meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2007, N 30, article 3745.
  13. The decision of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated 14.07.1997 N 12-P “on the case of interpretation contained in part 4 of article 66 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the provisions on the entry of the Autonomous district in the territory, region,” Bulletin of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, 1997, N 5.
  14. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote 12.12.1993) (as amended, amended Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation from 30.12.2008 N 6-FKZ, from 30.12.2008 N 7-FCL from 05.02.2014 No. 2-FKZ, from 21.07.2014 No. 11-FCL) // collected legislation of the Russian Federation, 04.08.2014, N 31, art. 4398.
  15. Federal law of 6 October 2003 N 131-FZ (as amended. from 15.02.2016) “On General principles of organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation” // collected legislation of the Russian Federation. 2003. N 40. St. 3822.
  16. Palchin S.J. Report of the Ombudsman for indigenous peoples in the Krasnoyarsk territory “On the problems of implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms of the indigenous peoples of the Krasnoyarsk region in 2015”. S.I. Palchin – Krasnoyarsk, 2015. Электронный ресурс: http://www.ombudsmankk.ru/about/palchin/.
  17. Law of Irkutsk region dated 06.12.2010 N 121-OZ (edited on 31.10.2014) “On Ust-Ordynsky Buryat district as an administrative-territorial unit of the Irkutsk region with special status” //Vedomosti ZS of the Irkutsk region. – N 26. -17.12.2010
  18. The law of Krasnoyarsk region from 24.12.2015 No. 9 – 4110 (introd. in force on 3 January 2016.) “On the administrative-territorial units with special status” http://www.sobranie.info/lawsinfo.php?UID=13131

21

CIVIL LAW

32

Artem S. Genkin

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, President of ANO «Center for Protection of Depositors and Investors», Moscow (E-mail:konsul3000@yahoo.com)

Nikolay V. Bakhtin

Legal counsel, ANO «Center for Protection of Depositors and Investors», Moscow (E-mail: nvb.zvi2015@gmail.com)

Problems of deposit insurance system: matters of “splitters” protection

Abstract. The article delas with the legal regulation of the rights of bona fide deposit owners’ protection, who have been barred from reimbursement in connection with suspicion of «deposit splitting». This article presents the international experience and provides analysis of «deposit splitting» practice. The author offers criteria by which you can catch a depositor in bad faith. Courts quite often adopt the judicial acts supporting a legal opinion of the Deposit Insurance Agency according to which in conditions of the actual insolvency of a credit organization account balances stop being real money and become only simple technical records on accounts. The author analyzes the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation stated in the Resolution № 28-P of 27.10.2015. The article proves the inadmissibility of the automatic refusal by the DIA in insurance indemnity payment under a suspicion of deposit splitting. It is proved that the burden of proof of bad faith of the investor should be placed on SC «Deposit Insurance Agency» after the payment of refunds to these citizens for deposits.

Keywords: deposit splitting, the deposit insurance system, Deposit Insurance Agency, the insurance indemnity, the denial of reimbursement, abuse of rights.

JEL classification: K21

References:

  1. Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 (BSA), Pub. L. № 91-5081 (1970), codified at 12 U.S.C. §§1829b and 1951-59, and 31 U.S.C. §§ 5311-5330; see also 31 C.F.R. §103.
  2. Последнее утверждение содержится в отчете Минюста Новой Зеландии о ПОД и ФТ, доступном по адресу: http://www.justice.govt.nz/policy/criminal-justice/aml-cft/money-laundering-and-terrorism-financing
  3. U.S.C. § 5313, § 5324, 31 C.F.R. sec. 1010.311, 1010.314, 1010.320.
  4. Dewan, S. Law Lets I.R.S. Seize Accounts on Suspicion, № Crime Required // The New York Times. – 2014. – October 25.
  5. Markov- 2010Markov P.A. Deposit «splitting№ as a way to meet the requirements by including in the first place [«Droblenie» vklada kak sposob udovletvoreniya trebovaniy putem vklyucheniya v pervuyu cohered] // the Right and economy [Pravo i ekonomika]. – 2010. – № 5 [in Russian].
  6. Negodaeva- 2012Negodaeva T.V. To the issue of illegal formation of requirements about payment of insurance reimbursement on deposits [K voprosu nepravomernogo formirovaniya trebovaniy o vyiplate strahovogo vozmescheniya po vkladam] // Banking law [Bankovskoe pravo] – 2012. – № 4 [in Russian].
  7. Shestakov-2009Shestakov D. Abuse splitting [Zloupotreblenie drobleniem] // Banking review [Bankovskoe obozrenie] – 2009. – № 5 [in Russian].
  8. Aleshkina- 2012Aleshkina T. Deposit splitting is allowed [Drobit vkladyi razreshaetsya] // the Elephant journal [Slon Magazine] – 2012. – 11 Nov [in Russian].
  9. URL://http://www.banki.ru/forum/?PAGE_NAME=read&FID=12&TID=203194

32

ANCIENT LAW

42

Tatiana B. Gvozdeva

PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate professor, Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow (E-mail: tbgvozdeva@rambler.ru)\

The legal status of the Ancient Greece Olympians

Abstract. The Olympic Games, which arose in Greece, remain the symbol of courage, strength and agility. The customs of rewarding and encouraging the heroes of the Olympics formed in Ancient Greece, which created a special right of the Olympians. This right could be realized both in Olympia and in the polis, where olymian lived. In Olympia the Games’ winners had a right to a solemn procession and the organization of a celebration ceremony. The Olimpian could eract a statue and order a solemn ode in honor of his victory. This right equally fell on all the Olympians. However in addition to this, each polis could award its’ heroes in its’ own way. They can get a right of “Προεδρία”, free meals, large cash prizes, the right of burial at the expenses of polis. Polis could also set a statue of an oimpian, honor him as a hero or even declre him a God. Olimpians received the right to become a military commander or a politician. Numerous public buildings and sports facilities were built in their honor.

Keywords: Olympics, Olympia, Olympian, Pausanias, epinikia, Olympic wreath, polises, privileges of the winners of the Olympic Games.

JEL classification: K10

References:

  1. Zaitsev-1985. Zaitsev A.I. Cultural revolution in Ancient Greece in the VIII-V centuries BC [Kul’turnyj perevorot v Drevnej Grecii VIII-V vv. do n.je.]. L., 1985. P. 100.
  2. Kusischin-1997. Kusischin V.I. Olympic Games as a phenomenon of ancient Greek and world culture [Olimpijskie Igry kak fenomen drevnegrecheskoj i mirovoj kul’tury] Questions of History [Voprosy Istorii]. 1997. № 1. P. 41-49.
  3. Latyshev-1889. Latyshev. V.V. Essay on Greek antiquities [Ocherk grecheskih drevnostej]. SPb., 1889. V. 2. P. 127.
  4. Gvozdeva-2013. Gvozdeva T.B. The Olympic games of antiquity (from myth to history) [Olimpijskie igry antichnosti (ot mifa k istorii)]. M., 2013. P. 140-142.
  5. Latyshev-1889. Latyshev. V.V. Essay on Greek antiquities [Ocherk grecheskih drevnostej]. SPb., 1889. V. 2. P. 127.
  6. Gvozdeva-2012. Gvozdeva T.B. Olimpioniki online: history and legend [Olimpioniki: istorija i legenda] The Olympic games: history and modernity [Olimpijskie igry: istorija i sovremennost]. М., 2012. P. 38-39.
  7. Andreyev-1998. Andreyev Yu.V. The Price of freedom and harmony [Cena svobody i garmonii]. SPb., 1998. P.189.
  8. Zaitsev-1985. Zaitsev A.I. Cultural revolution in Ancient Greece in the VIII-V centuries BC [Kul’turnyj perevorot v Drevnej Grecii VIII-V vv. do n.je.]. L., 1985. P. 101.
  9. Shanin-2001. Shanin Yu.V. Olympia. Ancient history of athleticism [Olimpija. Istorija antichnogo atletizma]. SPb., 2001. P. 33.
  10. Berve H. Gestaltende Kräffte der Antike. 2. Aufl. München, 1966. P. 4.
  11. Gvozdeva-2013b. Gvozdeva T.B. Hipparchus, son of Pisistratus and Panathenaic games [Gipparh, syn Pisistrata i Panafinejskie igry] Tradition of education and achievement of spiritual identity [Tradicii obrazovanija i duhovnoe stanovlenie lichnosti]. N. Novgorod, 2013. S. 323-327.
  12. Hönle A. Olympia in der Politik der griechischen Staatenwelt. Diss. Tübingen, 1968. P. 56-59.
  13. Bilinski B. L’agonistica sportiva nella Grecia antica. Roma, 1959. P. 34.
  14. Zaitsev-1985. Zaitsev A.I. Cultural revolution in Ancient Greece in the VIII-V centuries BC [Kul’turnyj perevorot v Drevnej Grecii VIII-V vv. do n.je.]. L., 1985. P. 103-104.
  15. Zaitsev-1985. Zaitsev A.I. Cultural revolution in Ancient Greece in the VIII-V centuries BC [Kul’turnyj perevorot v Drevnej Grecii VIII-V vv. do n.je.]. L., 1985. P. 104.
  16. La Croix L. Quelques aspects de la numismatique sicyonienne // Revue Belge de numismatique. 1964. T. 110. P. 19-29.
  17. Hönle A. Olympia in der Politik der griechischen Staatenwelt. Diss. Tübingen, 1968. P. 47.
  18. Hönle A. Olympia in der Politik der griechischen Staatenwelt. Diss. Tübingen, 1968. P. 98.
  19. Kirk G.S. Myth: Its meaning audfunctions in ancient and other cultures. Cambridge, 1970. P. 186.
  20. Andreyev-1998. Andreyev Yu.V. The Price of freedom and harmony [Cena svobody i garmonii]. SPb., 1998. P. 190.
  21. Zaitsev-1985. Zaitsev A.I. Cultural revolution in Ancient Greece in the VIII-V centuries BC [Kul’turnyj perevorot v Drevnej Grecii VIII-V vv. do n.je.]. L., 1985. P. 104.

 

42

ROMAN LAW

53

Tatiana B. Gvozdeva

PhD in Historical Sciences, associate professor, Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activities, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow (E-mail: tbgvozdeva@rambler.ru)

Inna A. Gvozdeva

PhD in Historical Sciences, associate professor, Department of History of the Ancient World, Historical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow (E-mail: innagvozdeva@mail.ru)

The category of “ager extra clusus” in the legal framework of the Roman survey

Abstract. The category of “ager extra clusus” appears on the final stage of the creation of the Roman cadastre. Earlier simple, geometrically designed ways of division of areas existed in the Roman agrimensure and the arcifinius – designation of the relief – was the main legal category of land law. The land relations were regulated by the locus-principle. Therefore, the concept of ager extra clusus as a place «without surveying» could be only formed under the rule of modus-princip. This calculation took place within the boundaries of the veteran colony, which became the base of the Roman cadastre. Extra clusus as a place «out of land surveying» was located on the edge of the surveyed area which formed the last centurion to the outer boundary of the colony. This land became a princeps reserve for additional bills. However, as a legal category ager extra clusus kept archaic features of the locus, confirming the right of the settlers, «who received the land in property», including right to the ownership in the cadastre borders.

Keywords: Space «is surveying» – Ager extra clusus, relics (agri relicti), limitatio, centuriatio, inventory, ownership, possessio, Frontin.

JEL classification: K10

References:

  1. Gvozdeva, Gvozdeva-2016. Gvozdeva T. B., Gvozdeva I. A. Limites quintarii category Roman agrimensura and land rights [Limites quintarii – kategorija rimskoj agrimensury i zemel’nogo prava] The Modern Lawyer [Sovremennyj jurist]. 2016. №. 3. P. 75-84. [in Russian]
  2. Castagnoli F. La ricerche sui resti della centuriazione. Roma, 1958. P. 33.
  3. Hinrichs F.T. Die geschichte der gromatischen Institutionen. Wiesbaden, 1974. P. 37.
  4. Hinrichs F.T. Die geschichte der gromatischen Institutionen. Wiesbaden, 1974. P. 34.
  5. Gvozdeva, Gvozdeva-2015. Gvozdeva T.B., Gvozdeva I.A. Strigatio-scamnatio – stage of development of the roman landed law [Strigatio-scamnatio – etap razvitija rimskogo zemel’nogo prava] The Modern Lawyer [Sovremennyj jurist]. 2015. № 4 (13). P. 98-108. [in Russian]
  6. Peterson J.W.M. Trigonometry in roman cadastres // Guillaumin J.-Y. (ed.) Mathématiques dans l’Antiquité. Centre Jean-Palerne. Mémoires 11. P. 185-203.
  7. Peyras J., Clavel-Lévêque M. Écrits d’arpentage et hauts fonctionnaires géomètres de l’Antiquité tardive // Dialogues d’histoire ancienne. Vol. 28, № 1, 2002. P. 138-151.
  8. Gvozdeva I.A. The land cadastre of Augustus. Acta univ. Carolinae // Philologica graecolatina Pragensia XIII. Praha, 1991. P. 9-21.
  9. Behrends O. Bodenhoheit und privates Bodeneigentum im Grenzwesen Roms // Die römische Feldmeßkunst, Göttingen, 1992. P. 247.
  10. Favory F. La part de l’indigène et du vernaculaire dans les texts des arpenteurs romains // Études rurales. № 167/168, Objets en crise, objets recomposés (Jul. – Dec., 2003). P. 43.
  11. Gvozdeva-2012. Gvozdeva I.A. Ius subsecivorum in agrimensure and land law of Ancient Rome [Ius subsecivorum v agrimensure i zemel’nom prave Drevnego Rima] Ancient East and the ancient world [Drevnij Vostok i antichnyj mir]. 2012. Vol. 8. P. 149-166. [in Russian]
  12. Kirillova-2015. Kirillova M.N. Ager compascuus during the crisis of the Roman Republic [Ager compascuus v period krizisa rimskoj Respubliki] Bulletin of the Russian University of friendship of peoples. Series: General history [Vestnik Rossijskogo Universiteta druzhby narodov. Serija: Vseobshhaja istorija]. 2015. №. 2. P. 57-58. [in Russian]
  13. Gvozdeva-2015. Gvozdeva I.A. The Emperor Augustus the statesman and the lawyer [Imperator Avgust – gosudarstvennyj dejatel’ i jurist] Bulletin of the Russian University of friendship of peoples. Series: General history [Vestnik Rossijskogo Universiteta druzhby narodov. Serija: Vseobshhaja istorija]. 2015. № 1. P. 5-16. [in Russian]
  14. Castagnoli F. La ricerche sui resti della centuriazione. Roma, 1958. P. 28.
  15. Bredford J. Ancient Landscapes. L., 1957. P. 159-162.
  16. Hinrichs F.T. Die geschichte der gromatischen Institutionen. Wiesbaden, 1974. P. 28-36.
  17. Burdese A. Studi sull’ager publicus. Torino, 1952. P. 14.
  18. Bartoshek M. Roman law [Rimskoe pravo]. M., 1989. P. 80. [in Russian]

53

 INFORMATION LAW

64

Grigory M.Semenenko

PhD in Legal Sciences, associate professor, Criminal Law Department, Academic-Scientific Complex on Preliminary Investigation in Interior Bodies, Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation, Volgograd (E-mail:grigorii_001@mail.ru)

Revisiting the effectiveness of applying geographical information systems for prevention of crimes and administrative offences in practical activity of interior bodies of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (through the example of the Volgograd region)

Abtrart: Тhe article provides comprehensive analysis of theoretical problems connected with application of geographical information systems in interior bodies’ activity. The author summarizes current practices and advanced experience of providing community safety and security, analyzes theoretical approaches of GIS application in practical performance of law enforcement bodies of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation with the goal to improve their activity on preventing crimes and securing citizens. The paper substantiates the point of view that the geographical information system enables instant situational selection of information according to certain criteria, for example, by type of crime, methods of their fulfillment, distribution according to areas of the city and the region, in order to analyze the crime situation and predict its development. With the help of geographic information systems such text data and images as photos of individuals who are wanted etc. can be entered.

Keywords: prevention of crime, safety of citizens, geographical information systems, mapping, law enforcement bodies.

JEL classification: K40

References:

  1. Abakumov, Grigorev- 2006. – Abakumov I.E., Grigoriev V.A. Application of GIS technology to implement mapping systems [Primenenie GIS tehnologiy dlya realizatsii kartograficheskih sistem] // Economic and legal and social problems of the region to adapt to the conditions of an information society: Materials of the VIII Inter-regional scientific student conference FF IISS. Tver, 2006. P.7.
  2. Aloshti-2012 – Aloshti H.R. Philosophical view of the information and information technology [Filosofskiy vzglyad na informatsiyu i informatsionnuyu tehnologiyu]// Scientific and technical information. Ser. 2. Information processes and systems. 2012. № 4. P. 1-12.
  3. Semenenko, Gerasimov-2015 – Semenenko G.M., Gerasimov K.E. On the historical aspects of the development of geographic information systems in Russia and abroad [Ob istoricheskih aspektah razvitiya geograficheskih informatsionnyih sistemah v Rossii i zarubezhem] // Evolution of science: Proceedings of the international scientific-practical conference Ufa 2015. P. 182-186.
  4. Semenenko, Strizhchenko- 2015 – Semenenko G.M., Strizhchenko I.A. To the effective use of information and telecommunication technologies of reception of citizens in the internal affairs [K voprosu effektivnosti primeneniya informatsionno-telekommunikatsionnoy tehnologii priema obrascheniy grazhdan v organyi vnutrennih del]// International scientific journal «Symbol of Science» Ufa 2015. P. 215-218.

 

64

BUSINESS LAW

71

Sergey G. Pavlikov

doctor. the faculty of law. Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of legal regulation of economic activities, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow (Е-mail: 89152499928@mail.ru)

Svetlana P. Ponomaŕ

PhD. Political Science, General Director of LLC “Magnit” (Е-mail: 89152499928@mail.ru)

Relationship between the concepts of entrepreneurship and economic activity

Abstract

Importance The subject of scientific analysis within the framework of the present article is the complex of problems arising from the lack of legal definitions of the categories “business” and “economic activity” that are actively used in civil law literature.

Objective The purpose of this article is an attempt to substantiate the proposition that the use of the terms “business” and “economic activity”, “business activities” as similar (and even identical) is controversial.

Methods The article used General-theoretical and special scientific methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis, logic, dialectic, systemic-structural, comparative legal, sociological and statistical methods.

Conclusions and Relevance The conclusion about the advisability of forming a clear and consistent position of the legislator in terms of determining the essence and harakteristiki ratio of business, economic and business activities.

Key words: Business, government, entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial activity, economic activity, Economics, law, court, legislation.

JEL Classification: К 29

References:

  1. Belyakov 2016 – Belyakov A. V. Mechanisms of judicial and extrajudicial protection of the right to trial within a reasonable time [Mehanizmyi sudebnoy i vnesudebnoy zaschityi prava na sudoproizvodstvo v razumnyiy srok]. M.: Yustitsinform, 2016. 168 p.d
  2. Licensing system in the Russian Federation: scientific and practical guide [Razreshitelnaya sistema v Rossiyskoy Federatsii] // L.Yu. Akimov, L.V. Andrienko, E.A. Artemyev et al. /Resp. edited by A.F. Nozdrachev. M.: Institute of legislation and comparative law under the Government of RF, INFRA-M, 2015. 928 S.
  3. Collection of scientific papers III International scientific-practical conference “Actual problems of business law and corporate law in Russia and abroad” (April 25, 2016, Moscow) //E.A. Abrosimov, V.K. Andreev, L.V. Andreeva et al. /Under the General editorship of S.D. Mogilevsky, M.A. Egorova. [Sbornik nauchnyih statey III Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Aktualnyie problemyi predprinimatelskogo i korporativnogo prava v Rossii i za rubezhom»] M.: Russian Academy of national economy under the President of the Russian Federation. The law faculty of them. M. M. Speransky of the Institute of law and national security, Yustitsinform, 2016. 496 p
  4. Demeeva 2016- Demeeva A. G. in Entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity [Predprinimatelskaya deyatelnost bez obrazovaniya yuridicheskogo litsa]. M.: Statut, 2016. 112 p.
  5. Aristarkhov 2016 – Aristarkhov V. The Cancellation of the employment contract as a way not to pay salaries Annulirovanie trudovogo dogovora kak sposob ne vyiplachivat zarplatu // Labor law. Trudovoe pravo 2016. No. 5.
  6. Government and business in the system of legal coordinates //Avkhadeev V. R., S. B. Balaeva, Y. V. Bobrova et al. /Resp. edited by A. V. Gabov. [Gosudarstvo i biznes v sisteme pravovyih koordinat]. M.: SISP, INFRA-M, 2014. 320 p.
  7. Laptev 2015 – Laptev V.A. Regulations at the Federal level in the system of norms regulating business activity Podzakonnyie aktyi federalnogo urovnya v sisteme norm, reguliruyuschih predprinimatelskuyu deyatelnost [Podzakonnyie aktyi federalnogo urovnya v sisteme norm, reguliruyuschih predprinimatelskuyu deyatelnost] //Lawyer [yurist] 2015. No. 23.
  8. Kirakosyan, Takanawa 2015 – Kirakosyan, S.A., A.O. Takanawa On the issues of legal regulation of Russian “home business” [O problemah pravovogo regulirovaniya rossiyskogo «domashnego biznesa»] //Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. [Zakonyi Rossii: opyit, analiz, praktika] 2015. No. 10.
  9. Nurtdinova 2015 – Nurtdinova A.F. the Social responsibility of business: legal aspects of economic concepts [Sotsialnaya otvetstvennost biznesa: pravovyie aspektyi ekonomicheskoy kontseptsii] //Journal of Russian law. [Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava ] 2015. No. 1.
  10. The protection of business reputation in cases of defamation or misuse (commercial relations): scientific and practical guide //D.V. Afanasiev, A.S. Borojevic, M.E. Glazkova, etc. /Under the General editorship of M.A. Rozhkova. [Zaschita delovoy reputatsii v sluchayah ee diffamatsii ili nepravomernogo ispolzovaniya (v sfere kommercheskih otnosheniy)] M: The Statute, 2015. 270 p.
  11. Pilipenko 2106 – Pilipenko Yu.S. Scientific and practical commentary to the Code of professional ethics of lawyer [Nauchno-prakticheskiy kommentariy k Kodeksu professionalnoy etiki advokata] (article by article). 3-e Izd., Rev. M.: NORMA, 2016. 576.

71

Tatyana M. Lavrik

PhD in Legal Sciences, associate professor, Head of Department of Civil Law and Procedure, Tambov State Technical University, Tambov (E-mail:lavriktan@mail.ru)

Julia O. Alferova

undergraduate student, Tambov State Technical

The role of supervisory functions of the Federal Antimonopoly Service in the business corporations: problems of theory and practice

Abstract: This article deals with the problem of control and supervision activities of the Federal Antimonopoly Service and its territorial bodies on the entrepreneurial activities of corporations. In particular, based on the statistic data it has been revealed that the most common organizational – legal form of corporations are limited liability companies. One of the government agencies overseeing business activities of limited liability companies is the Federal Antimonopoly Service and its territorial bodies. As a result of the conducted analysis the author comes to the conclusion that at present the main tasks of the legislator are both to solve the problems identified in the field of legal and to find a balance of interests between the state (represented by antitrust and judicial authorities) and business entitites, in particular, corporations.

Keywords: Limited Liability Company, the Federal Antimonopoly Service, scheduled inspections, unplanned inspections, antitrust, government supervision, an administrative fine.

JEL classification К29

  1. References:The judicial statistics [electronic resource] // http://fas.gov.ru/upload/mediaarchive/presentation/presentations/The official website of the Federal State Statistics Service [Elektronnyyresurs]//http://tmb.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/tmb/ru/statistics/foreign_trade/

80

Kirill V. Gavrilov

Attorney, Department of Civil Law and Procedure, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk (E-mail: advokat-73@bk.ru)

Limited liability company as a commercial corporate organization

Abstract 

Importance The article deals with corporate relations in companies with limited liability and the realization of the shareholders’ opportunities within the corporation.

Objective The main goal of this study is to formulate a complex legal notion of legal regulation of a limited liability company as a commercial enterprise.

Methods During the conducted study such general research methods as universal dialectical method, systematic method, logical method, analysis, analogy and such private scientific methods as comparative law method and the formal-legal method have been employed.

Conclusions and Relevance Limited liability company is a commercial organization conducting business activities, the main purpose of which is considered a profit, should be without any doubt referred to corporate organizations as it complies to all the features of the corporation. Among other things, examining the regulatory framework and the judicial practice, the author offers the following for the development of the civil law’s theory and to improve the national legislation: definition of affiliate (interested) persons; concrete examples of combat invalid transactions; adding to the mandatory conditions for the recognition of the transaction as invalid a «proven fact of contractor’s bad faith»; allocation from such an innovation of the Russian Federation Civil Code, as a major transaction three structural elements – the nature of the transaction, the result of the transaction and the subject of the transaction.

Keywords: civil law, business law, limited liability company, corporation, property, judicial precedent, affiliates, related party transactions, major transactions, commercial corporate organization.

JEL classification: К20

References: 

  1. Dvoretskiy I.H. Large Latin-Russian Dictionary (online version) [Bolshoy latinsko-russkiy slovar (onlayn versiya)], URL: http://linguaeterna.com/vocabula/search.php?swords=co.. (date of the application: 10.10.2016).
  2. Zakharova (2013) – Zakharova E.I. Property isolation commercial organizations as a sign of the legal entity: the dissertation’s abstract … of PhD. jurid. sciences [Imuschestvennaya obosoblennost kommercheskih organizatsiy kak priznak yuridicheskogo litsa: avtoreferat dis. … kand. yurid. nauk], E.I. Zakharova. Krasnodar, 2013. 27 p.
  3. Ibragimov (2016) – Ibragimov E.R. The legal status of a limited liability company and some of the problems of legal regulation of activity of business entities [Pravovoe polozhenie obschestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennostyu i nekotoryie problemyi normativno-pravovogo regulirovaniya deyatelnosti hozyaystvennyih obschestv], The electronic catalog of the library of the law faculty of SPSU: The Bulletin TISBI [Elektronnyiy katalog biblioteki yuridicheskogo fakulteta SPbGU: vestnik TISBI] 2008. N 2. URL: www.law.edu.ru/doc/document.asp?docID=1299270 (date of the application: 10.10.2016).
  4. Kalinina (2010) – Kalinina A.V. Affiliates as the special subject of legal relations: the theory and practice: the dissertation’s abstract … of PhD. jurid. Sciences [Affilirovannyie litsa kak osobyiy sub’ekt pravootnosheniy: voprosyi teorii i praktiki: avtoreferat dis. … kand. yurid. nauk], A.V. Kalinina. Saratov, 2010. 25 p.
  5. Commercial law: textbook for students of high schools trained on specialities «Jurisprudence» and «Commerce (trading business)» [Kommercheskoe pravo: uchebnik dlya studentov vuzov, obuchayuschihsya po spetsialnostyam «Yurisprudentsiya» i «Kommertsiya (torgovoe delo)»], edited by M.M. Rassolov, I.V. Petrov, P.V. Aleksiy. 4th edition, revised and expanded [pod red. M.M. Rassolova, I.V. Petrova, P.V. Aleksiya. 4-e izd., pererab. i dop.], Moscow: YuNITI-DANA, 2015. 503 p.
  6. Lomakin (2001) – Lomakin D.V. Major transactions at the civil turnover [Krupnyie sdelki v grazhdanskom oborote], Legislation [Zakonodatelstvo], 2001. N 3. P. 18–25.
  7. Lomakin (2008) – Lomakin D.V. Corporate legal relations: the general theory and practice of its application in business entities [Korporativnyie pravootnosheniya: obschaya teoriya i praktika ee primeneniya v hozyaystvennyih obschestvah], Moscow: Statute [Moskva: Statut] 2008. 511 p.
  8. Frolovskiy (2010) – Frolovskiy N.G. The concept of corporate disputes [Ponyatie korporativnogo spora], Russian Laws: experience, analysis, and practice [Zakonyi Rossii: opyit, analiz, praktika], 2010. N 6. P. 11-16.
  9. Embralidze (2014) – Embralidze L.D. Affiliates as a legal institution and legal means of resolving conflicts of interest in business: the dissertation’s abstract …of PhD. jurid. sciences [Affilirovannyie litsa kak pravovoy institut i pravovoe sredstvo razresheniya konflikta interesov v sfere predprinimatelskoy deyatelnosti: avtoreferat dis. … kand. yurid. nauk], L.D. Embralidze. Kazan, 2014. 26 p.

86

Dmitry G. Savin

Deputy General Director of Legal Department in «Berezhkovskiy Kompleks» LLC; Juridical Institut at Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (MIIT), Moscow (E-mail: sdg.rus@gmail.com)

Challenging transactions with preference within the case of a legal entity insolvency (bankruptcy)

Abstract: The Federal Law № 127-FZ «On Insolvency (bankruptcy)» dated October 26, 2002 (hereinafter – Bankruptcy Law), with due regard to explanations of supreme judicial authorities, defines the special grounds for challenging debtor’s transactions as the ones stipulated by the Bankruptcy Law, in particular, queer transactions (Article 61.2), preferential transactions (Article 61.3) and other grounds stipulated in the given law, apart from the ones listed in Chapter III.1, specifically, transactions carried out in circumvention of supervision procedure and financial rehabilitation (Articles 63, 64, paragraph 2 of item 1 of Article 66, item 5 of Article 82 and paragraph 7 of item 4 of Article 83). The present article presents the grounds for challenging debtor’s transactions resulting in giving the preference to one creditor over other creditors within insolvency (bankruptcy) case of a legal entity. It is concluded that on the basis of the traditional doctrine of four elements of any transaction (subject matter, will and its’ expressions, form and content), each of which must meet the requirements of the law, the deal with the preference should be attributed to transactions with content defects as conditions that make up the content of such transactions do not meet the requirements of the law.

Keywords: insolvency, bankruptcy, challenging of debtor’s transactions, invalidity of preferential transactions, entity deals with the evils of the content.

JEL classification: K35 

References:

  1. Shershenevich G.F. Lecture course on merchant law [Kurs torgovogo prava]. V. IV: Trading. Procedure for declaring bankruptcy [Torgovyiy protsess. Konkursnyiy protsess]. – М.: «Statute» [Statut], 2003. – 550 P. (Classics of Russian Civil Law) [Klassika rossiyskoy tsivilistiki] [in Russian].
  2. Insolvency (bankruptcy): scientific practical commentary of new law and its practical application [Nesostoyatelnost (bankrotstvo): nauchno-prakticheskiy kommentariy novell zakonodatelstva i praktiki ego primeneniya] / V.V. Vitryanskiy, V.V. Batsiev, A.V. Egorov and others; edited by V.V. Vitryanskiy. М.: Statute [Statut], 2010 // Legal Reference System ConsultantPlus [SPS KonsultantPlyus] [in Russian].
  3. Article: in accordance with legislation [V sootvetstvii s zakonodatelstvom] // Insolvency officer [Arbitrazhnyiy upravlyayuschiy]. 2015. N 2 [in Russian].

96

CRIMINAL LAW 104

Irina V. Golovinskaya

Doctor of Legal Sciences, Professor, Department of Public-Legal Disciplines, Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Vladimir (E-mail: irgolovinskaya@yandex.ru)

A judicial fine as a ground of exemption from criminal responsibility

Abstract: The article presents the problematic issues related to the implementation of the provisions of Chapter 51.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation on the procedure for the termination of criminal case or criminal prosecution with the implementation of such measure of criminal-legal character as a court fine. The purpose of this new institute of exemption from criminal responsibility is the further humanization and liberalization of criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. The new basis of exemption from criminal liability through termination of criminal case or criminal prosecution in connection with the application of measures of criminal-legal character in the form of a court fine designed to encourage procedural economy, provide the compensation and smoothing the harm caused by a crime. It has been noted that the problems encountered in the practical application of this institute are caused by its novelty and lack of adaptation to the realities of law enforcement and consist in absence of recommendations on its application, absence of a list of exceptions from the general offence related to the category of small and medium gravity. The absence of such exemptions entails the extension of the scope of action of the institute of exemption from criminal responsibility with the appointment of a judicial penalty for all crimes of small and average gravity, which significantly reduces the level of protection of minors and contradicts to the criminal procedure principles and principles of social justice.

Keywords: a judicial fine, the investigator, the Prosecutor, the court, the termination of criminal proceedings, termination of criminal prosecution.

JEL classification: K41

References:

  1. Explanatory note «To the draft Federal law «On amendments to the criminal code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal procedural code of the Russian Federation on improving of the grounds and order of exemption from criminal responsibility» [Poyasnitelnaya zapiska «K proektu Federalnogo zakona «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii po voprosam sovershenstvovaniya osnovaniy i poryadka osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti»] // Resource access: http://asozd.duma.gov.ru as 14.12.2015. [Resurs dostupa: http://asozd.duma.gov.ru po sostoyaniyu na 14.12.2015.] [in Russian]
  2. The conclusion of a Legal Directorate of the Apparatus of the state Duma from 16.02.2016 N 2.2-1/710 «On the draft Federal law» 953369-6 «On amendments to the criminal code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal procedural code of the Russian Federation on improving of the grounds and order of exemption from criminal responsibility» (first reading) [Zaklyuchenie PU Apparata GD FS RF ot 16.02.2016 N 2.2-1/710 «Po proektu federalnogo zakona «953369-6 «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii po voprosam sovershenstvovaniya osnovaniy i poryadka osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti» (pervoe chtenie)], The legal-reference System «Consultant» [SPS «KonsultantPlyus».] [In Russian]
  3. The resolution of Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 27.06.2013 N 19 «About application by vessels of the legislation regulating the grounds and procedure of exemption from criminal responsibility» [Postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda RF ot 27.06.2013 # 19 «O primenenii sudami zakonodatelstva, reglamentiruyuschego osnovaniya i poryadok osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti»], Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, N 8, August, 2013 [Byulleten Verhovnogo Suda RF, N 8, avgust, 2013] [in Russian]
  4. Golovinsky (2009) – Golovinsky I.V. Extension of the list of special orders of the trial in domestic criminal proceedings: pre-trial agreement on cooperation [Rasshirenie perechnya osobyih poryadkov sudebnogo razbiratelstva v otechestvennom ugolovnom protsesse: dosudebnoe soglashenie o sotrudnichestve], Bulletin of Vladimir law Institute [Vestnik Vladimirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta]. 2009. N 3. P. 56-59 [in Russian].


104

TRIBUNE YOUNG SCIENTIST 115

Alina A. Lavrushkhina

student of National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev, Saransk (E-mai: lawr88alina@yandex.ru)

Illegal means of self-protection: beyond the legal field or within?

Abstract. The article presents the specificity of self-help as a way of protection of violated rights. Self-protection  means, according to the author, are extremely varied, but their main feature is that the majority of them is almost not regulated by law, and therefore creates the illusion of their wrongfulness. The search for the answer to the question about the permissibility of using the so-called illegal means of self-defense, unlike the self-defence means which are actually illegal became the main goal of this article. The paper presents the point of view according to which the illegal self-defense means have both positive and negative aspects. Their positive side is the fact that they are a signal to the authorities about the urgent changes in a particular field of activity, the necessity to improve the state mechanism of the social protection and to fill the legal gaps and improve the process procedures. The main purpose of such actions is to attract the public attention and express public dissatisfaction with the hope that the authorities will respond and take necessary measures.

Keywords: legitimate self-defense, illegal means of self-defense, the lawfulness of self-defence, self-defence the wrongfulness of an, self-defense, legal field.

JEL classification: К30

References:

  1. Anisimova, Afanasev, Bayniyazova-2015. Anisimova A.V. Afanasiev S.F., Bayniyazova Z.S. and others. The legal society. Problems of the theory and practice [Pravovaya zhizn obschestva. Problemyi teorii i praktiki] / A.S. Anisimova, S.B. Afanasiev, Z.S. Bayniyazova etc. – M.:. Prospect, 2015. – 488 P.
  2. Baranov-2011. Baranov V.M. Civic self-defense in the human rights system of the state / V.M. Baranov [Grazhdanskaya samozaschita v pravozaschitnoy sisteme gosudarstva] // Sociology and Law. 2011. №7. P. 87-88.
  3. Uzdimaeva-2015 Uzdimaeva N.I., Right to self-defense mechanism and its implementation: Monograph [Pravo na samozaschitu i mehanizm ego realizatsii] / N.I. Uzdimaeva. – Saransk: Publishing House of the muzzle. University, 2015.  236 P.

115

Guzel R. Idiyatullina

student at Bashkir State University, Ufa sity (E-mail: macintoshmagdalina@mail.ru)

Revisiting the administrative offences in the customs affairs

Abstract. The system of penalties for administrative offences, which are defined as wrongful ans guilty actions or inaction of the person or entity for which the Russian Federation Code of Administrative Offences and several other federal laws and laws of territorial entities of the Russian Federation impose the administrative responsibility in the field of customs could not be assessed as perfect and needs amendments. The existing shortcomings in the legislation regulating the relations in the field of customs affairs allow perpetrators to avoid punishment or mitigate it. This problem can be solved by clarifying the types and extent of offenses and penalties for their commission. It also necessary to deliver the criteria for mitigating factors for the establishment of the insignficance by the court, in order to implement this category more transparently, reasonablely and fairly.

Keywords: administrative offense, administrative responsibility, customs offenses, the customs rules, the minimum fine judgment.

JEL classification: К23

References:

  1. Koval-2014. Koval V.D. Judicial review of the legality in the activities of the customs authorities [Sudebnyiy kontrol za soblyudeniem zakonnosti v deyatelnosti tamozhennyih organov] / V.D. Koval // Business-in-law. Economics and Law Journal. 2014. № 6. P. 105-109.
  2. Pokrovskaya-2009. Pokrovskaya V.V. Customs. [Tamozhennoe delo]. Textbook. М .: Yurayt, 2009. 717 P.

 

122

Vladislav O. Kravchenko

student, Moscow State University of Law (MSAL), Moscow (E-mail: warm9co@gmail.com)

The role of territorial prosecutors in the lawmaking process

Abstract. The article presents some of the directions and forms of the Russian prosecutor’s participation in lawmaking process, as well as the practice of its realisation. The problem of the limited lawmaking right construction is highlighted. Several legal acts and internal regulations of prosecution pffice, which form the basis of legal regulation of the activity aimed at the interaction of prosecutors with the representative bodies of the RF entities and municipalities have been studied and analyzed. The article also presents some statistical data and practices which allow to judge the current level of legal technique of representative bodies of local self-government. The article also highlights the lack of statutory alleged lawmaking rights of territorial prosecutors at the regional and municipal levels in some entities of the RF. It is comprehensively considered that the role of prosecutors of territorial prosecution offices in the municipal law-making is rather important.

Keywords: prosecutor’s office, territorial prosecutors, lawmaking, municipal law, constitutional law, legality, law and order.

 

JEL classification: К19

References:

  1. Bulavin (2009) – Bulavin S.P. Legal guarantees of the rule of law [Yuridicheskie garantii zakonnosti], Administrative and municipal law [Administrativnoe i munitsipalnoe pravo]. 2009. № 2. P. 38-45 [in Russian].
  2. Statistical data on the activities of the prosecutor’s office for the period from 01.01.2016 on 07.01.2016. The official website of the General Prosecutor’s Office. http://genproc.gov.ru/stat/data/ (reference date – 10.11.2016).
  3. Statistics of existing normative legal acts of the Russian Federation. http://zakon.scli.ru/ru/legal_texts/index.php (reference date – 10.11.2016).
  4. Federal Law from 17.01.1992 № 2202-1 (ed. from 03.07.2016) “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation” [«O prokurature Rossiyskoy Federatsii»], The official internet-portal of legal information http://www.pravo.gov.ru.
  5. Order of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation from 07.12.2007 N 155. Not published. For details, see Research and teaching materials to the General Prosecutor’s Office http://genproc.gov.ru/documents/nauka.
  6. Federal Law from 9.10.1999 № 184-FZ (ed. from 03.06.2016.) “On general principles of organization of legislative (representative) and executive bodies of state power of subjects of the Russian Federation” [«Ob obschih printsipah organizatsii zakonodatelnyih (predstavitelnyih) i ispolnitelnyih organov gosudarstvennoy vlasti sub’ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii»], The official internet-portal of legal information http: // www.pravo.gov.ru.
  7. Order of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation from 17.09.2007 № 144. The official website of the General Prosecutor’s Office. http://genproc.gov.ru/stat/data/ (reference date – 10.11.2016).
  8. The Order of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation from 24.11.2008 № 243. Ibid.
  9. See e.g.: Article 36 of the Charter of the City of Moscow, Article 30 of the Charter of the Primorsky Kray, Article 53 of the Charter of the Irkutskaya Oblast’.
  10. See e.g.: Article 37 of the Charter of the city of Vladivostok.
  11. Federal Law from 17.01.1992 № 2202-1 (ed. from 03.07.2016) «On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation» [«O prokurature Rossiyskoy Federatsii»], The official internet-portal of legal information http://www.pravo.gov.ru.
  12. See e.g.: statutes of municipalities Donskoy, Skolkovo, Tagansky, Tverskoy, and others.
  13. Information letter from the Deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation from 27.07.01 № 7 / 5-1-64-01 «On the work of the prosecution authorities to prevent the adoption of legal acts that are contrary to federal law» [«O rabote organov prokuraturyi po predotvrascheniyu prinyatiya normativno-pravovyih aktov, protivorechaschih federalnomu zakonodatelstvu»], Official site of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation http://genproc.gov.ru/documents.
  14. For more on this, see Narutto (2015) – Narutto S.V. Examination of projects representative bodies acts as a direction of the lawmaking activity of the prosecutor’s office [Ekspertiza proektov aktov predstavitelnyih organov kak napravlenie pravotvorcheskoy deyatelnosti prokuraturyi], Actual problems of Russian law [Aktualnyie problemyi rossiyskogo prava] 2015. № 10. P. 38-50 [in Russian].
  15. Protest of the Prosecutor of the city of Vladivostok on 17.05.2010№ 7 \ 6-41-2010 at paragraph 3 of clause 1.5 of the IPA from 19.04.2010 № 226-IPA “On Amendments to the Charter of the city of Vladivosto” [O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ustav goroda Vladivostoka], Official website of the Prosecutor’s Office of Primorsky Krai. http://prosecutor.ru/ (reference date – 10.11.2016).

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