Abstract:

At the present time the sustainable company development heavily depends on the usage of innovation performance in everyday business practice. Finding of solutions for this problems calls for designing of an adequate analytic measurement and evaluation system of a company innovation performance in order to develop and implement preemptive managerial decisions that aimed at creation and efficient use of the firm’s innovation capability. However, under the abovementioned conditions conventional project analysis approaches become less relevant. In the following article an integrated model for evaluation and monitoring of company’s innovation potential is suggested. This model provides stakeholders with required information for company’s innovation performance measurement using such monitoring areas as idea & knowledge management; organizational culture & structure; competitive strength of innovation strategy; capital investments & operating expenses; outputs & outcomes; innovation capability management system. The model allows to minimize the risks occurred by the innovative activities’ financing and implementation and also commercialization of its results, which therefore meets the requirements to the formation of business sustainable economic growth conditions.

Keywords: innovation performance; innovation capabilities; integrated model; stakeholder approach; efficiency; monitoring; model.

JEL classification: О12, О32

Abstract.

The main objective of the following study is the essence of the commercialization of intellectual property. The basic problems of the commercialization of intellectual property in Russia have been issued and potential solutions to these problems are presented. It noted some of the approaches to the very essence of economic commercialization of intellectual property in the Russian Federation. The aim of this study is to identify the essence of intellectual property commercialization processes both from the economic and legal sides. The matter of commercialization of innovations as the object of intellectual property is also considered in the following paper. The main purposes of the intellectual property usage, which generally define the mechanism of intellectual property objects commercialization, have been identified as well as the forms of intellectual property that are the subject of further commercialization have been issued. It has been revealed that there was a necessity to provide the balance of the customer, artist and user interests, which consists in the fair distribution of property rights between intellectual property subjects. The basic prospects of the intellectual property commercialization institution development in Russia have been revealed.

Keywords: intellectual property, innovation, balance of interests, management, ownership

JEL classification: M10

Abstract

The subject of research is a systematic analysis of the economic significance of the intellectual property commercialization and its’ impact on economic development and innovation activities of the enterprise.

The goal of the study is to identify basic and necessary conditions for the commercialization of intellectual property as well as to consider the special aspects of exclusive rights assignment agreements.

The methodological basis of the study is the system analysis of the intellectual property system and functional analysis which allows to educe of the interrelation and codependence between economic processes generated by the commercialization, in terms of practical effectiveness.

Conclusion: The commercialization of intellectual property based on legal mechanisms of their practical usage is an effective source of growth both for the national economy and the economy of a single enterprise. The abovementioned thesis could be proved by the leading economic states’ and domestic enterprises’ experience.

Keywords: intellectual property, commercialization, license agreement, exclusive rights assignment agreements.
JEL classification: O32

Abstract.

The subject of the following research is the special features of the commercialization of high technologies in foreign countries. The goal of research is to analyze and evaluate the commercialization of high technologies in foreign countries. The current practices of developed countries (EU, USA) in this field have been issued as well as the quality of the innovation system abroad has been assessed along with the analysis of the factors contributing to the process of commercialization have been also carried out. The main goals and objectives of technology transfer offices have been studied. It was educed that the integration of science, business and higher education is the main, based on the practical orientation of science and its orientation to the market sphere, route of industrial introduction of scientific achievements. The necessity of foreign experience research for the best commercialization practices application in Russia in order to solve the current problems with the implementation of innovative technologies and IP assets has been proved.

Keywords: commercialization, innovation, high technologies, foreign experience, technology transfer offices, technology transfer, intellectual activity results.

JEL classification: O30

Abstract

Rationale. Since the organizational activity is always accompanied by changes and uncertainty, the study of innovation processes as the prime movers of economic development is of concern.

Objectives: Identification of the relationship between innovativeness of an organizations and its profitability; consideration of innovation management system as a key method of change management in the organization; formation of the criteria defining the innovative potential of the state; identification of factors constraining the development of innovative economic system in Russia.

The methodological basis of the study is the system analysis of the indicators associated with innovation investments at the organizational and national levels as well as factor analysis, which allows to determine the impact of objective economic parameters on the innovative processes either in a particular company or in the state at general.

Conclusion. The importance of innovation development is recognized both by the companies and by the states because they are united by the desire to optimize production activities. Keywords: innovative potential, innovation management, innovative economic system.

JEL classification: O30

Abstract:

In the present paper a matter of a presumption of creativity and intellectual authorship is investigated by the usage of such methods as analysis and generalization. The historical aspects of the abovementioned matter and modern social and legal positions in its realization are considered. Author comes to the conclusion on the necessity of both promotion of copyright registration and allowance of this procedure with binding effect. In order to minimize the fraud practices with the rights, the author needs to keep the draft copies as the evidences of all the stages of the creation. This measure will allow him to confirm authorship or superiority in disputable situations and will form a basis for authorship presumption establishment.

Keywords: copyright, rights for intellectual property, legal presumption, property, property rights, intellectual work.

JEL classification: K11, O34, P14

Abstract

Research subject: The shortage of personnel as one of the main problems of the intellectual property market.

Research goals: The determination of the essence of the intellectual property market and its characteristics; the consideration of the basic problems of intellectual property market; the analysis of the shortage of personnel as one of the main problems of the Russian intellectual property market.

Methods: The main employed scientific methods were such methods as comparison, analysis and systematic approach.

Conclusions and Relevance: The intellectual property market is the most important institution for the economy of knowledge. There are three basic problems in Russia: capitalization of intellectual property, investment in innovative activities and personnel “hunger”. In many respects the latter problem could be considered as a fundamental one. The lack of personnel on the intellectual property market reflects the imbalance in the structure of employment of population in the Russian Federation. It is mainly caused by the inappropriate to innovation economy quality of education, lack of modern infrastructure and low wages. The special attention and participation of all economic agents are necessary to solve these problems.

Keywords: intellectual property, intellectual property market, personnel «hunger», shortage of personnel, economy of knowledge.

JEL classification: J21, J44

Abstract:

The subject of this article is the intellectual property objects (IPO) management. The main goal of the present research is to formulate basic principles of IPO management. Legal and economic sides of the issue are analyzed as well as the balance of customer, artist and user interests is considered. This balance of interests is realized by the fair distribution of property rights between intellectual property subjects. The contradictoriness of IPO accounting, which is caused by the reduction of taxable profit per depreciation rate, on the one hand, and the incurrence of additional value, which is subject to value added tax, on the other hand, is reviewed. The advantage of IP rights acquisistion through rights assignment contracts or license contracts by virtue of reduction of risks and possibility of the time economy has been revealed and justified. In order to achieve financial sustainability of the enterprise from the IPO commercialization, it has been proposed to allocate the twelve principles of IPO management, giving their definitions and formulating their main characteristics.

Keywords: intellectual property, innovation, balance of interests, management, ownership

JEL classification: M10

Abstract.

The subject of the research is the security of intellectual property rights. The goal of this research is to study the methods of intellectual property protection on the examples of Russia and France. To achieve this goal the following objectives were stated: to expandation of the concept of “intellectual property”; consideration of the legal regulation and copyright protection remedies on the example of Russia and France; suggestion of the most effective remedies based on this comparison. During this research the scientific methods of the analysis of existing measures of legal regulation of intellectual property and the forecast of the most effective ways to secure property rights have been employed.

Conclusion: The global movement towards the solution of the illegal intellectual property objects usage problem is exercised both through changes in legislations and offering of alternative methods of using of the intellectual property assets.

Keywords: Copyright, Intangible Assets, Intellectual Property Rights, Patents Licensing, Property, Property Rights, Law studies

Abstract

The subject The essence of the definition of intellectual property objects (IPO) commercialization.

Goals/objectives The main objectives of the following paper are definition of the essence of intellectual property commercialization, consideration of the terms of the IPO commercialization and allocation of the forms of IP reserves commercialization, identification of the ways and means of IPO commercialization, and justification of the problems of IPO commercialization.

Methods The main scientific methods employed were comparison, analysis and systematic approach.

Conclusions and Relevance Intellectual property forms a part of “property” category, who can be owned, used and disposed of, and importantly it could also be used being properly documented within the charter capital and also in business activity of an enterprise as an intangible assets which includes “know-how” objects as well. Within the process of the IPO commercialization as one of the milestones the proper documentation could be considered which confirms the right of the company for the IPO, because, in the accounting documents of the company could be only reflected the values that belong to the enterprise on the property rights or exploitation rights. IP commercialization contains various measures and ways to gain profit from the IPO. Not only the profit receiving could be the consequence of the IPO commercialization, but also the increase of investment prospects and formation of favorable competitive environment. Furthermore economic entities face the problem of choosing the appropriate form of commercialization of intellectual activity results, so it is important to carry out marketing researches of the intellectual property market both to assess the market value of the intellectual activity results accurately and to develop a strategy of intelligent products market launch.

Keywords: Commercialization, intellectual property, business entities, franchajzing, leasing, engineering, noy-how, an effective way, the regulatory and legislative personnel problem

JEL classification: 033, 034

Abstract

The subject Determination of the intellectual property commercialization and the methods of its formation.

Goals/objectives The main objectives of the work are the analysis of the essence of intellectual property and its commercialization, description of the intellectual property commercialization and consideration of the identification of methods for the intellectual property commercialization formation.

Methods The main scientific methods employed in the following research are analysis, comparison and specification.

Conclusions and Relevance Intellectual property is considered to contain from the intellectual activity results and means of identification. Direct commercialization of intellectual property may be carried out through the transfer (sale) of the right to intellectual property as an innovative product. Also, the intellectual property commercialization may be mediated by the sale of innovative products which have been manufactured with the usage of intellectual property objects. The process of the intellectual property commercialization by growing business on the basis of the intellectual property with its’ further sale to a large company or on the stock market is the most effective. Otherwise stated thiscommercialization way provides the author’s preference for the usage of research results applied for the production of innovative products.

Keywords: intellectual property, commercialization, venture entity, the right tof exploitation.

JEL classification: O33, О34

Abstract:

Rationale The present paper is dedicated to the essence of intellectual property and innovation in Russia.

Objective The main objective of the present research is the assessment of innovative and investment projects efficiency which are being carried out within the Russian Federation.

Methods The methodological basis of the following research contains the usage of the complex analysis and system approach as well as employment of generalization, deduction, comparison and analogy methods.

Conclusions and Relevance The following paper presents information on the dynamics of the growth of innovative processes based on intellectual property and summarizes measures which could be used to improve the competitiveness of the Russian innovation in the global market

Keywords: intellectual property, innovation, innovative process, stages of the innovation process

JEL classification: O39

Abstract

Rationale: The object of study in this paper is the impact of intellectual property on the level of regional development of the Russian Federation.

Objective: The main goal of the conducted research was to assess the level of intellectual property in certain regions of the Russian Federation.

Methods: Withinh the following study such scientific methods as analysis, comparison, evaluation, abstraction and concretization have been employed.

Conclusions and Relevance: In conclusion, the intellectual property-level analysis in different regions is presented showing their interconnection and development trends. Thus, the analysis showed that an increase of postgraduate students training organizations by 1% (with the constant values of the rest of the factorial) will be accompanied by 2,385% GRP level change. In the case of a rational transformation of the assessment of intellectual capital model by the elasticity analysis, the GRP could be increased with intellectual capabilities of the RF subjects, which will contribute to the actual socio-economic development of the country.

Keywords: intellectual property, economic – mathematical analysis, assessment of intellectual capital.

JEL classification: O38

Abstract

Research subject: Intellectual property and peculiarities of its accounting in business capitalization.

Goals/objectives Consideration of theoretical aspects of using of intellectual property in business capitalization, specific features of accounting of intellectual property objects in Russia and study of foreign experience of involvement of intellectual property objects in business capitalization.

Methods The main methods of scientific knowledge employed were comparison, analysis and systematic approach.

Conclusions and Relevance. Intellectual property can affect business capitalization both directly and indirectly. As the result of this research, the possibility of intellectual property objects to allot profit and to increase company’s capitalization has been revealed. In the Russian Federation intellectual property is not considered as the source of a profit at the moment. It leads to organizations’ reluctance to account the intellectual property objects as the intangible assets and consequently make the involvement of intellectual property objects in capitalization process impossible. The main reasons for popularity of including of intellectual property in the process of capitalization in the foreign countries are the high expenditures on scientific research and the high income from it. Therefore, in order to increase the participation of intellectual property objects in business capitalization Russian government should improve legal provisions concerning accounting, improve the legal regulation of IPO and expend the budget expenditures on R&D.

Keywords: business capitalization, intellectual property, capitalization, intangible assets, accounting, intellectual property objects, sources of profit, financial position of company.

JEL classification: G32

Abstract:

The subject of this study is the analyzis of the intellectual property objects. The concept of intellectual property (IP), subjects and objects of IP, patent, trademark have been studied; IP objects from the economic and legal points of view has been reviewed as well as the legal aspects of the protection of intellectual property have been studied and special attention has been drawn to the copyright protection. Attention has been also drawn to such intellectual property objects as scientific, literary and artistic works. It has been concluded that intellectual property is a result of the creation of the human mind and needs special legal protection measures developed particularly for this type of property.

Keywords: intellectual property, intellectual property objects, property, Stockholm Convention, trademark, patent

JEL classification: O33, О34, О38

Abstract.

The subject of this article is the characteristics of an entity, the goals and objectives of the analysis of the commercialization of intellectual property. The mail goal of the research is to identify the basic principles of intellectual property (IP) commercialization institute. In the present paper the theoretical approaches of intellectual property commercialization have been studied, classification of results of intellectual activity has been given and the organization of intellectual property commercialization has been analyzed. It has been revealed that the modern legislative activity in this sphere is inefficient, irrational and inmethodical. Moreover, legal regulation in the scope of intellectual property develops slowly, inconsistently and without a clear concept. The necessity of substantial adjustments of public policy in innovation development in the fields of lawmaking and law enforcement for the innovative development of Russia has been noticed.

Keywords: commercialization, innovation, intellectual property, intellectual property objects, results of intellectual activity, innovative legislation, innovative activities, basic directions of IPO usage.

JEL classification: O30

Annotation

The efficiency of the Russian economic development along with its regions, sectors and enterprises generally depends on the innovative-investing policy orientation. This article delas with the innovative-strategic method that is applied to make decisions towards investment, valuate the project’s opportunities and include them to final project price. Real options provide an opportunity to make managing decisions towards the current or created asset. It can be the capital that is structured because of the influence of any factor. The real options usage lets combining strategic-analytic assessments of development and adaptation to external changes. It is demonstrated that the real option cost increases project’s valuation by virtue of its phased implementation and the possibility to cease and to change amount of finance or the deadline, which exists in certain cases. Traditional methods of innovative projects valuation are not supposed to assure the opportunity to change the decision made based on the new information on alternative opportunities and related risks. The real options and their valuation are shown by the models of Black-Scholes and binominal tree. The real option usage for the preliminary estimate and monitoring of the innovative-investing R&D projects realization efficiency in Russia has been substantiated.

Keywords: innovations, real option, the real option method, innovative-investment analysis, valuation of the investment efficiency, project, R&D

JEL classification: О12, О22

Abstract.

For successful conduct business it is necessary to think several moves ahead in its development, calculate business processes and evaluate possible expenses, risks, benefits and results. The abovementioned results could consist in the high cost of the trademark, the monetary cost of which shows its value to the company and makes it possible to include a large margin in the selling price of output. This fact determines the actuality of the optimal method for assessing the trademark identification and the analyzis of its’ evaluation features in Russia. This article deals with certain of the most common approaches to methods of valuing a trademark: the income approach, which assigns a value to a trademark based on past and expected future profits associated with the mark; the market approach, which assigns a value based on comparisons of transactions involving similar assets; the cost approach, which assigns a value based on the cost of trademark creation. The conducted research has shown that the most effective valuation methods are the discounted cash flow method and the method of relief from royalty. The features of trademark assessment in Russia have been also described and the problems associated with them have been revealed.

Keywords: trademark, evaluation, the cost approach, the market approach, the income approach, the method of relief from royalty

JEL classification: О12, О32

Abstract

The subject The essence of the definition of the legislation on intellectual property protection system.

Goals/objectives The main goal of the following research was to analyze the legal regulation on the protection of intellectual property. In order to achieve this goal author has sequentely gained the following objectives: – Analysis of the legal system of intellectual property protection; – Conduction of a comparative analysis of the Russian and international legislation on intellectual property protection; – Analysis of the main problems of protection of intellectual property and ways to address them.

Methods The main methods of scientific knowledge employed within this research were comparison, analysis and systematic approach.

Conclusions and Relevance Emergence of new technologies, transition to the innovative way of economic development and the accession of Russian Federation to the World Trade Organization have demanded corresponding changes of national legal regulation of the relations connected with creation, providing legal protection and usagee of results of intellectual activity and the means of individualization of legal entities, goods, works, services and the enterprises legally equated to them. The great influence on change of the national legislation is exerted by development and adoption of the European directives, international treaties, including ones passed within VOIS, the legislation and law-enforcement practice of foreign countries. Development of the Internet has put before the states a problem of need of traditional legal regulation reconsideration in the sphere of the relations on intellectual property, creation of the relations on another, different than traditional approach, basis, development of the new tools connected with protection of the intellectual rights in the Web. In the modern world legal assistance of IPO is conditioned, first of all, by the negative effect on both the national and global politics and economics caused by illegal goods sale. Nowadays modernization of the laws concerning intellectual property is reduced to approval on September 1, 2014 of the draft agreement on coordination of actions for protection of the rights for IPO which provides integration in cooperation of the countries of EEU in the considered system. Proceeding from it, it is necessary to note that measures for IPO protection and security are being modernized which will provide an opportunity to Russian IPO protection system to reach a demanded result in the nearest future.

Keywords: intellectual property, economic entities, standard legislative base, system of the legislation, protection of soundtracks.

JEL: 034, 039

Abstract

Rationale The present paper is dedicated to the organizational-economic relations arising in the process of intellectual activity in the digital environment.

Objective The main objective is consideration of the intellectual property role in the digital environment of the Russian economy.

Methods: Basic methods employed in this study are analysis, abstraction and specification.

Conclusions and Relevance: In the end of article some variants of institute of intellectual property development in Russian economy have been expounded.

Keywords: intellectual property; globalization; Internet; information technology; patent

JEL classification: O34

Abstract

The subject/theme: The present paper deals with various classifications and some of the characteristics of intellectual property.

Goals/objectives The main goals of the following research was to give some classification of intellectual property objects and to identify the distinctive features and characteristics of intellectual property.

Methods The main methods of scientific knowledge employed were comparison, analysis and systematic approach.

Conclusions and Relevance Intellectual property is a product of the human mind protected by the law. Despite being immaterial, intellectual property (as well as the traditional assets) could be implemented into various economic transactions. It is necessary to mention that the IP has a certain economic value, which is not always fixed in financial reports. IP objects division only on copyright and industrial property could not be declared correct as this type of classification is neither complete and accurate nor comprising all of IPO types, because the intellectual property institute continues to develop dynamically itself, which is proved, among others, by the recognition of new intellectual property.

Keywords: classification, intellectual property, related rights, trademarks, marketing designations unconventional objects, know-how, selection achievements.

JEL classification: 030, 034

Abstract.

Rationale: The present paper deals with the matters of brand management and methods of control

Objective: The main objectives of this research were to study of the brand as an effective instrument for influencing the company’s operations, to expand the concept of the brand as an intangible asset, to consider branding technology, to explore ways to evaluate the brand and to determine the effectiveness of brand management system.

Methods: The main methods of scientific knowledge employed were comparison, analysis and systematic approach.

Conclusions and Relevance. Brand creation is primarily targeted on the consumer. The advertisers are often confused with the way of the consumer product evaluation because they are used to be subject to distortion by professional evaluation criteria. In most of cases, the product pecularities which are important for the producer does not have any influence on the client. Based on that fact, it is necessary to note that the concept of the brand is a projection of the consumer desire.

Keywords: brand, Brenna economy, brand management, economics organizations, intangible assets, business, korparativnaya economy, economic analysis.

JEL classification: M21

Abstract

The subject/theme This article is concerned with the essence of development and sipolzovaniye of a brand in the modern market.

Goals/objectives The main goals of this article were to consider specifics of a firm brand in the Russian and international markets, to study the concept of a brand and branding, to reveal features of brand formation by their consideration on the example of a certain company and to analyze the prospects of brands in Russia and in the international market.

Methods The main methods of scientific knowledge employed were comparison and analysis.

Conclusions and Relevance The brand has the most large-scale recognition all oover the world including Russia. In several years, the brand seems to become an integral part of any company, even each sole proprietor will have an own brand for himself. Based on the abovementioned objectives, concepts of a brand and branding have been considered within the conducted research, aspects of development of a brand on the example of a certain company have been also studeied and distribution of the Russian brands and their positions and role in the international market have been shown. On the ground of the information received due to the research, specifics of establishment and advantages obtaining have been revealed. In order to understand the possibilities of development of the Russian brands completely, the author has considered and studied creation and development of one of the largest foreign brands in the field of fast public catering – a network of McDonald’s restaurants. In addition to that, a situation which is inherent to our Russian market can also become a push for development and distribution of national brands that can consequently lead to more large-scale entry of Russia into the international market.

Keywords: Brand, branding, competitiveness of a brand, the franchize, the world corporations, classification operated and neupravlyamy factors, satisfaction, trademark.

JEL classification: 033, 034

Abstract

The subject/theme The article deals with the special aspects of the rational model of intellectual property commercialization.

Goals/objectives The mail goal of the following study was to identify the foundations of the functioning of the rational model of intellectual property commercialization.

Methodos The basic methods of scientific knowledge employed were generalization, description and comparison.

Conclusions and Relevance As a result of a rational model of intellectual property commercialization implementation, the company receives the following benefits: • Inventive step and absolute novelty stipulate more competitive products and services. Also, a monopoly position on the market ensures companies to maximize profits from the commercialization of their own intellectual property. • Preparation of additional income for the transfer of the right of use under license agreements and contracts of alienation. • Ability to create and develop new forms of entrepreneurial activity on the basis of intellectual property rights: a contribution to the charter capital, franchising and others. • Inclusion of intellectual property to the enterprise intangible assets increases its cost as well as makes it possible to lower the income tax. Legal protection of intellectual property seems a prerequisite for successful commercialization and enhances enterprise competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets.

Keywords: Intellectual property, rational model, commercialization, science, intellectual activity, know-how, development, protection of the patent, company.

JEL classification: О31

Annotation:

The article is concerned with the evaluation of financial risks in the high-end technology investment. It is shown that knowledge-intensive technology in modern world are the means to create consumer goods. The introduction of various innovative projects is carried out in absolute uncertainty or risk conditions. The article describes the main types of risks that may be faced by investors within the financing of high-end technologies from development to implementation period. The financial risks, which are closely linked to the loss of financial resources, are the subject of the present paper. The factors affecting the magnitude of these risks, which define the relationship of internal and external financial environment, have been defined. The calculation of the nominal and the real risk-free rate has been made and also the general risk assessment methods that make it possible to calculate the average expected values of selected performance criteria have been revealed.

Keywords: financial risk, high technologies, risk assessment

JEL classification: G3

Abstract:

This article deals with the legal framework of combating the proliferation of counterfeit goods and the reasons for the strengthening of counterfeit products on the Russian market, which are determined by the main types of counterfeit goods. The author also studies the negative impact of counterfeit products on the state and the manufacturer as well as the international experience in combating counterfeit products. Several ways to counter the spread and realization of counterfeit goods on the territory of the Russian Federation have been described.

Keywords: counterfeit products, the brand name, the EEC, the Customs Union, “grey” imports, replica, fake

JEL classification: K42, L11